New records and redescriptions of three Cyprididae ostracods(Crustacea) from Turkey

Sub-rectangular in lateral view. Oval shape in dorsal view, anterior end beak-shaped, LV overlapping RV. Surface of carapace smooth with one row of pits on anterior end of LV. Swimming setae long, slightly exceeding tips of terminal claws. Terminal segment of Mx1 cylindrical, only one of teeth bristles on first endite serrated. Only d1 seta presents on basal segment of T2. Sa on UR equaling about 74% of Ga. Sa short, not reaching middle of Ga.

Carapace yellowish with brown patches; fused eye visible through closed carapace. Surface of carapace smooth (Fig. 2A-E). Only few sparsely distributed pore canals with weak sensory setae present (Fig. 3D-E). Anterior end of LV ornamented with a row of relatively deep pits (Fig. 2C, D and Fig. 3F). These pits visible under a light microscope with 100× magnification. In dorsal view (Fig. 2A), RV overlapping LV anterior, posterior and ventral edges. Both anterior and posterior parts bluntly rounded. Posterior end wider than anterior one. General shape of carapace sub-rectangular with gently curved outline in lateral view. W/L ratio of carapace ca. 48%. In lateral view, dorsal edge of LV not straight, protruding at first quarter of L. In ventral view (Fig. 2B), RV protruding at middle of L. In lateral view from right side (Fig. 2E), partial RV/LV overlapping clearly visible (anteriorly and ventrally). Greatest H situated middle or slightly behind. H/L ca. 63% of L. Average L of carapace 1.13 mm (n = 14).

In lateral view, anterior margin of LV (Fig. 2E-F) rounded, posteroventral margin straight. Ventral margin concave in front of mid L. Ventral, anterior, posterior and anteroventral margin denticulate (Fig. 2G-H). Dorsal margin gently sloping down from point of greatest height toward posterior end, while steeply toward anterior end. RV (Fig. 3A-C) larger than LV.

A1 (Fig. 4A) 7-segmented. Basal segment bearing 2 long setae anteriorly and 1 shorter seta posteriorly. Second segment anteriorly with one short seta barely reaching middle of next segment and ventrally with Rome organ. Third segment longest of all with 2 anterodistal setae, longer one situated more proximally and about 2 times longer than next segment; shorter plumose seta located more distally, at most reaching distal end of following segment. Fourth segment with 4 distal setae; 2 situated anteriorly and being long; other 2 situated posteriorly and being much shorter; one of short setae plumose and half as long as other short seta. Fifth segment also with 4 distal setae; two situated anteriorly and being much longer than other two posterior setae. Sixth segment also with 4 long distal setae and “α” seta situated anterodistally, twice as long as next segment. Last segment with two long setae, one thick shorter seta and aesthetasc “ya” which is equal to length of terminal segment. L ratio between distal five segments is VII:VI:V:IV:III, 1:1.12:1.25:1.54:2.62.

A2 (Fig. 4B-C); protopodite with one long slim seta. Exopodite with one long plumose seta and 2 shorter smooth setae. First endopodal segment with 2-segmented aesthetasc “Y”, and 5+1 swimming setae reaching tips of terminal claws or slightly beyond. Additionally, one plumose thick seta situated ventrodistally on this segment. It is about 1.5 times longer than penultimate segment. Undivided penultimate segment containing 4 “t”, 3 “z” and one “y2” setae. Additionally, stout and serrated G1, G2 and G3 claws present on penultimate segment. G1 is longest claw, as long as first endopodal segment. G2 and G3 are equal and 90% of first endopodal segment. Terminal segment with strong and serrated GM, Gm claws, “g” and “y3” setae. GM longer than Gm, 70 and 64% of first endopodal segment, respectively.

Md-palp (Fig. 4D) 4-segmented. First segment with thin, simple “α”-seta, 2 strong setulate (S1 and S2) and one slim long seta. Three long (one being shorter than others) setae present dorsally on second segment. Same segment with setal group bearing 3+2 plumose setae, “β” seta, 3 longer setae and 1 medium-sized seta, all of which are heavily pappose. “β” seta is equal to “α” seta, Penultimate segment with a ring of setulae; same segment with 3 groups of setae situated distally from dorsal to ventral side. First group consist 4 subapical setae (two long, two shorter). Stout, plumose “γ” seta with 3 other setae present apically; last group contains one slim and one shorter spin-like setae. Terminal segment bearing five stiff claws. Exopod (not shown here) with 4 setae.

Mx1 (Fig. 4E); Branchial plate with approximately 21 + 3 setae. Palp 2-segmented. First segment with group of apical setae. Terminal segment trapezoidal (proximal margin 1.5 times longer than distal margin) with 2 claws and 4 relatively thick and subequal setae. First endite with 2 teeth bristles, one serrated, other smooth. Same endite with group of some weak and strong setae. Two smooth setae present proximally on first and third endite (not all setae on endites drawn in Fig. 4E).

Masticatory lobe of T1 with 8 plumose and 2 smooth apical setae, two short “a” setae, two plumose long “b” and “d” setae. Endopodite with three unequal setae. Vibratory plate with six rays (Fig. 5A).

T2 (Fig. 5B) 5-segmented (penultimate segment divided) with only “d1” seta on basal segment (d2 missing). Both second and third segments distally with one apical seta each (e and f), both as long as third segment). Fourth segment with hirsute seta (g). Terminal segment with setae “h1”, “h3”, and long serrated claw (h2). Claw being 85% of three distal segments’ length.

T3 (Fig. 5C) 3-segmented terminally with pincer organ. Basal segment with “d1”, “d2” and “dp” setae. First endopodal segment with one apical long, plumose seta (e). Following segment with single, plumose seta (f) inserted medially; this seta shorter than setae present on basal and first endopodal segments. Two curved short setae (h1, h2) and one long seta (h3) present on pincer organ.

UR (Fig. 5D) with both claws and both setae. Gp approximately 74% of Ga length. Sp shorter than Gp; Sa also shorter than Sp. Length ratio between anterior margin: Ga:Gp is 1:0.56:0.41.

Carapace with light brown valves with soft body and fused eye visible through them. There are fine setae on carapace peripherally (not shown in Fig. 6 A-C). In dorsal view (Fig. 6A), carapace elongated with gently convex outline. Anterior end not as broad as posterior one. L about 3 times of W (Ratio of W/L is 0.34). LV and RV symmetrical and both are bean-shaped. LV bigger than RV. There are peripheral septa all around the edge exception of dorsal margin. Septa in anterodorsal region distinctly longer than others. In lateral view (Fig. 6B, C) ventral margin has a dent in first half of length. Dorsal margin straight on top with a very slight slope toward posterior and anterior ends, however, anterior edge is broader than posterior end. Average L is about 1.62 mm (n = 6).

A1 (Fig. 6D) 7-segmented. Segments gradually become thinner toward tip of appendage. Basal segment with 2 long setae ventrally and 1 dorsally. Wouters organ not visible on first segment. Second segment with 1 small seta on dorsal margin and Rome organ on ventral margin. Third segment very long carrying two relatively short setae on both distal sides. Both fourth and fifth segments with 2 apical relatively long setae ventrally and 2 shorter apical setae dorsally. Sixth joint with four very long apical setae and “α” seta slightly exceeding tip of ultimate segment. Two long setae, aesthetasc “ya” and a shorter stout seta are present on ultimate segment. aesthetasc “ya” seta slightly shorter than stout seta.

A2 (Fig. 6E): Basal segment with one long seta and exopodite holding one long and two shorter setae. Two-segmented aesthetasc “Y”, 5 + 1 swimming setae and a ventrodistally situated seta exist on second segment. Swimming setae long, reaching tip of terminal claws. Third segment with “t” and “z” setal groups, aesthetasc “y2”, G1, G2 and G3 claws. G2 serrated and smaller than G1 and G3. Simple GM and serrated Gm claws present on ultimate segment.

Md-palp (Fig. 6F) 4-segmented. Except second segment, length of segments longer than width. First segment with one slim and relatively long “α” seta, one slim longer seta and two heavily plumose setae (S1 & S2). Second segment with 2 setal groups, dorsally situated group with 3 setae, ventral group with a relatively short plumose “β” seta and 4 long setae (one shorter and plumose). Third segment with 3 groups of setae, a group situated dorsally holding 4 relatively long setae, ventrodistally situated group with a long seta and a spine like seta, last group consisting 3 normal setae twice as long as ultimate segment and feathered “γ” seta. Terminal segment carries 5 claws.

Mx1 (Fig. 6G) with 2-segmented endopodite. First segment with a group of setae anterodistally. Terminal segment cylindrical, with length about 2 times of width, carrying 3 unequal smooth claws and 2 stout setae. First endite with 2 finely serrated teeth bristles. Third endite with 2 unequal setae ornamented by tiny serrates on outer corner. Three endites bear setae not shown here. Exopod with approximately 19 + 3 setae.

Protopodite of T1 with about 12 plumose setae on tip. Both “a” setae, as well “b” and “d” setae present. Endopodite with three normal setae. Exopodite with six rays on vibratory plate (Fig. 7A).

T2 (Fig. 7B) 5-segmented. Basal segment with both short “d1” and “d2” setae. Second segment with one plumose seta (e). “f” and “g” setae present on third and fourth segments, respectively. Ultimate segment with one stout serrated claw (h2) situated distally and 2 setae (h1 and h3). “h1” seta shorter than half of g-seta.

T3 (Fig. 7C) 3-segmented. Basal segment carrying three setae (d1, d2 and dp). “dp” seta very long, reaching distal end of second segment. Second segment with one seta (e). Third segment is a mono-block joint with one seta situated medially on segment (f). f-seta shorter than previous setae. Pincer organ comprises one straight seta (h3) equal with e-seta and two modified and curved setae (h1, h2).

Left and right UR asymmetrically developed. Both have attachment with triangular structure on proximal end. Distal end of this attachment branched simply (Fig. 7F).

Right UR (Fig. 7D). It is armed by a row of big spins on posterior margin. Sizes and numbers of these spins show differences in different individuals. Sp missing. Sa longer than half of Ga in length.

Left UR (Fig. 7E) has a cylindrical main body (somewhat thinner than right one), with some rows of barely visible tiny serration on posterior margin. Gp shorter than Ga. Both serrated roughly. Sp absent. Sa about half of Ga.

Carapace relatively hard and punctate. Surface covered with very fine setae and ornamented with color patterns. In dorsal view, close carapace (Fig. 8A) is ovate. Posterior end of carapace rounded, broader than anterior end. Valves are asymmetric; LV overlaps with RV entirely and exceeds both anteriorly and posteriorly. In lateral view of LV (Fig. 8B), dorsal margin unevenly angulate/arcuate and anterior end broader than posterior end. Ventral margin slightly straight with an extended lip-like zone in the first half. Average L 0.61 mm (n = 5).

A1 (Fig. 9A) 7-segmented. Basal segment with 3 unequal setae. Wouters organ not visible. Rome organ present ventrally on second segment along with a small apical seta dorsally (reaching up to middle of third segment). Third segment longest of all, carrying a relatively long apical seta dorsally and a shorter apical seta ventrally. Fourth segment ventrally bears 2 very long apical setae and dorsally 1 shorter apical seta. Chaetotaxy of fifth segment is similar to fourth one, dorsal seta of fifth segment is longer compared to previous one. Four setae on sixth segment are very long (longer than setae on ultimate segment). Besides 2 long apical setae on ultimate segment, aesthetasc “ya” and shorter stout seta present.

A2 (Fig. 9B): Basal segment with long setae and exopodite bearing 3 setae (one long, two shorter). Longest one is as long as second segment or slightly longer. Second segment with aesthetasc “Y” situated ventrally; plumose seta situated ventroapically and (5 + 1) swimming setae. Swimming setae are long reaching tip of terminal claws. Shorter swimming seta slightly longer than half of penultimate segment. “t” and “z” setal groups, “y2” seta as well as apical claws (G1, G2 and G3) present on penultimate segment. Apical claws are long, thin and serrated on tips. Ultimate segment holding serrated “GM”, smooth “Gm” claws and aesthetasc “y3”.

Md-palp (Fig. 9C) 4-segmented. First segment with a slim “α” seta, one slim longer seta and two heavily plumose setae (S1 & S2). Second segment with 2 groups of setae, one (3-setae) situated dorsally, another group comprises one shorter thick plumose “β” seta and 4 plumose setae (1 shorter). Third segment with 3 groups of setae, one situated dorsally holding 4 relatively long setae, ventrodistally situated long seta, last group consists 3 normal setae about twice as long as ultimate segment and feathered “γ” seta. Terminal segment carries 5 claws.

Palp of Mx1 2-segmented (Fig. 9D) with a group of setae on outer corner of basal segment. There is also a single seta medially reaching end of ultimate segment. Ultimate segment cylindrical with length of ca. 2 times width. Both teeth bristles on first endite serrated. Third endite carries two unequal serrated setae on outer corner. Vibratory plate with about 16 respiratory filaments.

T2 (Fig. 10A) 5-segmented (penultimate segment divided). d1 and d2 setae present on basal segment. d1 plumose and more than 2 times longer than d2. Second, third and fourth segments bear one subapical seta (e, f and g, respectively). f-seta longer than others. Terminal segment holding a stout serrated claw (h2) accompanied by 2 small apical setae (h1 and h3). h3 shorter than h1.

T3 (Fig. 10B) 4-segmented. Basal segment with d1, d2 and dp setae. Second segment with apical seta (e) as long as d2 seta. Third segment bears f-seta medially. Pincer organ with a long seta (h3) and 2 modified curved shorter setae (h1 and h2).

UR (Fig. 10C) with a thin and long stem ornamented with a row of tiny serration on posterior surface carrying 2 setae and 2 claws. Sa, Sp and Gp are 59%, 16% and 62% of Ga, respectively. Triebel’s loop oval, located on UR-attachment (dorsal branch of its distal part).