<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><p>Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is the full name of the disease commonly deemed ADHD. This disease is most frequently diagnosed in childhood, and it affects up to 12 % of all children world-wide. The current clinical criteria (the base for diagnosis) can be found in DSM -V. The core symptoms are divided in three groups: hyperactivity, impulsivity and impaired attention. The aetiology of the disorder is combined, including a wide range of factors, and the genetic, environmental, toxic, perinatal background is taken into account. Because, currently, more and more studies are seeking to explore the heritability of the disorder, the aim of this study is to review the information provided by different research centres which discuss the genetic background of the disease. Herein, we present the results of different studies gathered from the online database. Our findings indicate that the participation of genetic factors within this disorder is supported by family, twin and adoption studies. Indeed, in current literature, researchers estimate that there is a higher risk of developing ADHD among children from families with an ADHD history. Of particular note is that there are some studies indicating particular genes that determine the susceptibility to ADHD. Such studies make mention that most of these genes encode components of the dompaminergic and serotoninergic neurotransmission systems. Researchers in the field, thus, are attempting to link the presence of certain alleles in affected children with their response to treatment. Yet, while ADHD is now considered as being a disorder of genetic background, we cannot indicate a single gene or its mutation that would be crucial in the aetiology and diagnosis. Still, a number of candidate genes have been reported so far.</p></abstract>

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is the full name of the disease commonly deemed ADHD. This disease is most frequently diagnosed in childhood, and it affects up to 12 % of all children world-wide. The current clinical criteria (the base for diagnosis) can be found in DSM -V. The core symptoms are divided in three groups: hyperactivity, impulsivity and impaired attention. The aetiology of the disorder is combined, including a wide range of factors, and the genetic, environmental, toxic, perinatal background is taken into account. Because, currently, more and more studies are seeking to explore the heritability of the disorder, the aim of this study is to review the information provided by different research centres which discuss the genetic background of the disease. Herein, we present the results of different studies gathered from the online database. Our findings indicate that the participation of genetic factors within this disorder is supported by family, twin and adoption studies. Indeed, in current literature, researchers estimate that there is a higher risk of developing ADHD among children from families with an ADHD history. Of particular note is that there are some studies indicating particular genes that determine the susceptibility to ADHD. Such studies make mention that most of these genes encode components of the dompaminergic and serotoninergic neurotransmission systems. Researchers in the field, thus, are attempting to link the presence of certain alleles in affected children with their response to treatment. Yet, while ADHD is now considered as being a disorder of genetic background, we cannot indicate a single gene or its mutation that would be crucial in the aetiology and diagnosis. Still, a number of candidate genes have been reported so far.

Regulation of the genes involved in neurotransmission in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Chair and Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Poland

Chair and Department of Human Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, Poland

Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland

Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is the full name of the disease commonly deemed ADHD. This disease is most frequently diagnosed in childhood, and it...

Regulation of the genes involved in neurotransmission in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Data publikacji: 16 lip 2015

Zakres stron: 115 - 119

Otrzymano: 03 cze 2015

Przyjęty: 15 cze 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/cipms-2015-0056

Słowa kluczowe
genetics, ADHD, candidate gene studies, pharmacogenetics, methylophenidate, serotonin, dopamine, DRD, DAT, 5HT2A.

© 2015

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Regulation of the genes involved in neurotransmission in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Data publikacji: 16 lip 2015

Zakres stron: 115 - 119

Otrzymano: 03 cze 2015

Przyjęty: 15 cze 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/cipms-2015-0056

Słowa kluczowegenetics, ADHD, candidate gene studies, pharmacogenetics, methylophenidate, serotonin, dopamine, DRD, DAT, 5HT2A.

© 2015

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Słowa kluczowe
genetics, ADHD, candidate gene studies, pharmacogenetics, methylophenidate, serotonin, dopamine, DRD, DAT, 5HT2A.