Soil compaction in permanent grassland and its effect on grassland vegetation

Amt der Salzburger Landesregierung (2014): Grüner Bericht – Bericht über die wirtschaftliche und soziale Lage der Salzburger Land- und Forstwirtschaft in den Jahren 2010 bis 2012. 128 S.Amt der Salzburger Landesregierung2014Grüner Bericht – Bericht über die wirtschaftliche und soziale Lage der Salzburger Land- und Forstwirtschaft in den Jahren20102012128Search in Google Scholar

BFW (Bundesforschungszentrum für Wald) (2016): Digitale Bodenkarte Österreichs. http://www.gis.lebensministerium.at/ebod. Abgerufen am 29. Dezember 2016.BFW (Bundesforschungszentrum für Wald)2016Digitale Bodenkarte Österreichshttp://www.gis.lebensministerium.at/ebod29Dezember2016Search in Google Scholar

Bengough, A.G., Bransby, M.F., Hans, J., McKenna, S.J., Roberts, T.J. und T.A. Valentine (2006): Root responses to soil physical conditions; growth dynamics from field to cell. Journal of Experimental Botany 57, 437–447.BengoughA.G.BransbyM.F.HansJ.McKennaS.J.RobertsT.J.ValentineT.A.2006Root responses to soil physical conditions; growth dynamics from field to cellJournal of Experimental Botany5743744710.1093/jxb/erj003Search in Google Scholar

Bilotta, G.S., Brazier, R.E. und P.M. Haygarth (2007): The impacts of grazing animals on the quality of soils, vegetation, and surface waters in intensively managed grasslands. Advances in Agronomy 94, 237–280.BilottaG.S.BrazierR.E.HaygarthP.M.2007The impacts of grazing animals on the quality of soils, vegetation, and surface waters in intensively managed grasslandsAdvances in Agronomy9423728010.1016/S0065-2113(06)94006-1Search in Google Scholar

BMLFUW (2016): Grüner Bericht 2016. Bericht über die Situation der österreichischen Land- und Forstwirtschaft, 57. Auflage, Wien, 263 S.BMLFUW2016Grüner Bericht 2016. Bericht über die Situation der österreichischen Land- und Forstwirtschaft57AuflageWien263Search in Google Scholar

Bohner, A., Öhlinger, R. und O. Tomanova (2006): Auswirkungen der Grünlandbewirtschaftung und Flächenstilllegung auf Vegetation, Boden, mikrobielle Biomasse und Futterqualität. Die Bodenkultur 57, 33–45.BohnerA.ÖhlingerR.TomanovaO.2006Auswirkungen der Grünlandbewirtschaftung und Flächenstilllegung auf Vegetation, Boden, mikrobielle Biomasse und FutterqualitätDie Bodenkultur573345Search in Google Scholar

Bohner, A. und O. Tomanova (2007): Weideböden als Pflanzenstandorte. Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft 74, 28–34.BohnerA.TomanovaO.2007Weideböden als PflanzenstandorteMitteilungen der Österreichischen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft742834Search in Google Scholar

Bohner, A., Foldal, C.B. und R. Jandl (2016): Kohlenstoffspeicherung in Grünlandökosystemen – eine Fallstudie aus dem österreichischen Berggebiet. Die Bodenkultur 67, 225–237.BohnerA.FoldalC.B.JandlR.2016Kohlenstoffspeicherung in Grünlandökosystemen – eine Fallstudie aus dem österreichischen BerggebietDie Bodenkultur6722523710.1515/boku-2016-0018Search in Google Scholar

Breland, T.A. und S. Hansen (1996): Nitrogen mineralization and microbial biomass as affected by soil compaction. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 28, 655–663.BrelandT.A.HansenS.1996Nitrogen mineralization and microbial biomass as affected by soil compactionSoil Biology & Biochemistry2865566310.1016/0038-0717(95)00154-9Search in Google Scholar

Canillas, E.C. und V.M. Salokhe (2001): Regression analysis of some factors influencing soil compaction. Soil & Tillage Research 61, 167–178.CanillasE.C.SalokheV.M.2001Regression analysis of some factors influencing soil compactionSoil & Tillage Research6116717810.1016/S0167-1987(01)00206-9Search in Google Scholar

Chyba, J., Kroulik, M., Kristof, K., Misiewicz, P.A. und K. Chaney (2014): Influence of soil compaction by farm machinery and livestock on water infiltration rate on grassland. Agronomy Research 12, 59-64.ChybaJ.KroulikM.KristofK.MisiewiczP.A.ChaneyK.2014Influence of soil compaction by farm machinery and livestock on water infiltration rate on grasslandAgronomy Research125964Search in Google Scholar

Cook, A., Marriott, C.A., Seel, W. und C.E. Mullins (1996): Effects of soil mechanical impedance on root and shoot growth of Lolium perenne L., Agrostis capillaris and Trifolium repens L. Journal of Experimental Botany 47, 1075–1084.CookA.MarriottC.A.SeelW.MullinsC.E.1996Effects of soil mechanical impedance on root and shoot growth of Lolium perenne L., Agrostis capillaris and Trifolium repens LJournal of Experimental Botany471075108410.1093/jxb/47.8.1075Search in Google Scholar

Dierschke, H. und G. Briemle (2002): Kulturgrasland. Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart, 239 S.DierschkeH.BriemleG.2002KulturgraslandUlmer VerlagStuttgart239Search in Google Scholar

Douglas, J.T. und C.E. Crawford (1993): The response of a ryegrass sward to wheel traffic and applied nitrogen. Grass and Forage Science 48, 91–100.DouglasJ.T.CrawfordC.E.1993The response of a ryegrass sward to wheel traffic and applied nitrogenGrass and Forage Science489110010.1111/j.1365-2494.1993.tb01841.xSearch in Google Scholar

Drewry, J.J. (2006): Natural recovery of soil physical properties from treading damage of pastoral soils in New Zealand and Australia: A review. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 114, 159-169.DrewryJ.J.2006Natural recovery of soil physical properties from treading damage of pastoral soils in New Zealand and Australia: A reviewAgriculture, Ecosystems and Environment11415916910.1016/j.agee.2005.11.028Search in Google Scholar

Drewry, J.J., Cameron, K.C. und G.D. Buchan (2008): Pasture yield and soil physical property responses to soil compaction from treading and grazing – a review. Australian Journal of Soil Research 46, 237–256.DrewryJ.J.CameronK.C.BuchanG.D.2008Pasture yield and soil physical property responses to soil compaction from treading and grazing – a reviewAustralian Journal of Soil Research4623725610.1071/SR07125Search in Google Scholar

Egger, H. (1989): Zur Geologie der Flyschzone im Bundesland Salzburg. Jahrbuch der geologischen Bundesanstalt 132/2, 375–395.EggerH.1989Zur Geologie der Flyschzone im Bundesland SalzburgJahrbuch der geologischen Bundesanstalt1322375395Search in Google Scholar

Evans, C.R.W., Krzic, M., Broersma, K. und D.J. Thompson (2012): Long-term grazing effects on grassland soil properties in southern British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 92, 685-693.EvansC.R.W.KrzicM.BroersmaK.ThompsonD.J.2012Long-term grazing effects on grassland soil properties in southern British ColumbiaCanadian Journal of Soil Science9268569310.4141/cjss2011-070Search in Google Scholar

Glab, T. (2014): Effect of soil compaction and N fertilization on soil pore characteristics and physical quality of sandy loam soil under red clover/grass sward. Soil & Tillage Research 144, 8–19.GlabT.2014Effect of soil compaction and N fertilization on soil pore characteristics and physical quality of sandy loam soil under red clover/grass swardSoil & Tillage Research14481910.1016/j.still.2014.05.010Search in Google Scholar

Greacen, E.L. und R. Sands (1980): Compaction of forest soils. A review. Australian Journal of Soil Research 18, 163–189.GreacenE.L.SandsR.1980Compaction of forest soilsA review. Australian Journal of Soil Research1816318910.1071/SR9800163Search in Google Scholar

Greenwood, K.L. und B.M. McKenzie (2001): Grazing effects on soil physical properties and the consequences for pastures: a review. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 41, 1231-1250.GreenwoodK.L.McKenzieB.M.2001Grazing effects on soil physical properties and the consequences for pastures: a reviewAustralian Journal of Experimental Agriculture411231125010.1071/EA00102Search in Google Scholar

Hakansson, I. und V.W. Medveder (1995): Protection of soils from mechanical overloading by establishing limits for stresses caused by heavy vehicles. Soil & Tillage Research 35, 85–97.HakanssonI.MedvederV.W.1995Protection of soils from mechanical overloading by establishing limits for stresses caused by heavy vehiclesSoil & Tillage Research35859710.1016/0167-1987(95)00476-9Search in Google Scholar

Hansen, S. und L.R. Bakken (1993): N₂O, CO₂ and O₂ concentrations in soil air influenced by organic and inorganic fertilizers and soil compaction. Norwegian Journal of Agriculture Science 7, 1–10.HansenS.BakkenL.R.1993N₂O, CO₂ and O₂ concentrations in soil air influenced by organic and inorganic fertilizers and soil compactionNorwegian Journal of Agriculture Science7110Search in Google Scholar

Hartge, K.H. und R. Horn (2009): Die physikalische Untersuchung von Böden. 4. Auflage, Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, 178 S.HartgeK.H.HornR.2009Die physikalische Untersuchung von Böden4Auflage, SchweizerbartStuttgart178Search in Google Scholar

Hartge, K.H. und R. Horn (2014): Einführung in die Bodenphysik. 4. Auflage, Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, 372 S.HartgeK.H.HornR.2014Einführung in die Bodenphysik.4Auflage, SchweizerbartStuttgart372Search in Google Scholar

Hassink, J. und J.J. Neeteson (1991): Effect of grassland management on the amounts of soil organic N and C. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 39, 225–236.HassinkJ.NeetesonJ.J.1991Effect of grassland management on the amounts of soil organic N and CNetherlands Journal of Agricultural Science3922523610.18174/njas.v39i4.16533Search in Google Scholar

Herbin, T., Hennessy, D., Richards, K.G., Piwowarczyk, A., Murphy, J.J. und N.M. Holden (2011): The effects of dairy cow weight on selected soil physical properties indicative of compaction. Soil Use and Management 27, 36–44.HerbinT.HennessyD.RichardsK.G.PiwowarczykA.MurphyJ.J.HoldenN.M.2011The effects of dairy cow weight on selected soil physical properties indicative of compactionSoil Use and Management27364410.1111/j.1475-2743.2010.00309.xSearch in Google Scholar

Herbauts, J., El Bayad, J. und W. Gruber (1996): Influence of logging traffic on the hydromorphic degradation of acid forest soils developed on loessic loam in middle Belgium. Forest Ecology and Management 87, 193–207.HerbautsJ.El BayadJ.GruberW.1996Influence of logging traffic on the hydromorphic degradation of acid forest soils developed on loessic loam in middle BelgiumForest Ecology and Management8719320710.1016/S0378-1127(96)03826-1Search in Google Scholar

Hernanz, J.L., Peixoto, H., Cerisola, C. und V. Sánchez-Girón (2000): An empirical model to predict soil bulk density profiles in field conditions using penetration resistance, moisture content and soil depth. Journal of Terramechanics 37, 167–184.HernanzJ.L.PeixotoH.CerisolaC.Sánchez-GirónV.2000An empirical model to predict soil bulk density profiles in field conditions using penetration resistance, moisture content and soil depthJournal of Terramechanics3716718410.1016/S0022-4898(99)00020-8Search in Google Scholar

Heuscher, S.A., Brandt, C.C. und P.M. Jardine (2005): Using soil physical and chemical properties to estimate bulk density. Soil Science Society of America Journal 69, 51–56.HeuscherS.A.BrandtC.C.JardineP.M.2005Using soil physical and chemical properties to estimate bulk densitySoil Science Society of America Journal69515610.2136/sssaj2005.0051aSearch in Google Scholar

Hopkins, R.M. und W.H. Patrick (1969): Combined effect of oxygen content and soil compaction on root penetration. Soil Science 108, 408–413.HopkinsR.M.PatrickW.H.1969Combined effect of oxygen content and soil compaction on root penetrationSoil Science10840841310.1097/00010694-196912000-00005Search in Google Scholar

Horn, R. und K.H. Hartge (2001): Das Befahren von Ackerflächen als Eingriff in den Bodenwasserhaushalt. Wasser & Boden 53/9, 13–19.HornR.HartgeK.H.2001Das Befahren von Ackerflächen als Eingriff in den BodenwasserhaushaltWasser & Boden5391319Search in Google Scholar

Houlbrooke, D.J., Thom, E.R., Chapman, R. und C.D.A. McLay (1997): A study of the effects of soil bulk density on root and shoot growth of different ryegrass lines. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 40, 429–435.HoulbrookeD.J.ThomE.R.ChapmanR.McLayC.D.A.1997A study of the effects of soil bulk density on root and shoot growth of different ryegrass linesNew Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research4042943510.1080/00288233.1997.9513265Search in Google Scholar

Iijima, M. und J. Kato (2007): Combined soil physical stress of soil drying, anaerobiosis and mechanical impedance to seedling root growth of four crop species. Plant Production Science 10, 451–459.IijimaM.KatoJ.2007Combined soil physical stress of soil drying, anaerobiosis and mechanical impedance to seedling root growth of four crop speciesPlant Production Science1045145910.1626/pps.10.451Search in Google Scholar

Kirkegaard, J.A., Troedson, R.J., So, H.B. und B.L. Kushwaha (1992): The effect of compaction on the growth of pigeonpea on clay soils. II. Mechanisms of crop response and seasonal effects on an oxisol in a humid coastal environment. Soil & Tillage Research 24, 129–147.KirkegaardJ.A.TroedsonR.J.SoH.B.KushwahaB.L.1992The effect of compaction on the growth of pigeonpea on clay soils. IIMechanisms of crop response and seasonal effects on an oxisol in a humid coastal environment. Soil & Tillage Research2412914710.1016/0167-1987(92)90097-USearch in Google Scholar

Kozlowski, T.T. (1999): Soil compaction and growth of woody plants. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 14, 596–619.KozlowskiT.T.1999Soil compaction and growth of woody plantsScandinavian Journal of Forest Research1459661910.1080/02827589908540825Search in Google Scholar

Kriedner, A. (1989): Beobachtungen an einem nordbayerischen Vorkommen von Spiranthes spiralis (L.) Chevall. Berichte aus den Arbeitskreisen Heimische Orchideen 6, 79–81.KriednerA.1989Beobachtungen an einem nordbayerischen Vorkommen von Spiranthes spiralis (L.) ChevallBerichte aus den Arbeitskreisen Heimische Orchideen67981Search in Google Scholar

Kurz, I., O’Reilly, C.D. und H. Tunney (2006): Impact of cattle on soil physical properties and nutrient concentrations in overland flow from pasture in Ireland. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 113, 378–390.KurzI.O’ReillyC.D.TunneyH.2006Impact of cattle on soil physical properties and nutrient concentrations in overland flow from pasture in IrelandAgriculture, Ecosystems and Environment11337839010.1016/j.agee.2005.10.004Search in Google Scholar

Kutschera, L. und E. Lichtenegger (1982): Wurzelatlas mitteleuropäischer Grünlandpflanzen. Band 1, Monocotyledoneae. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, 516 S.KutscheraL.LichteneggerE.1982Wurzelatlas mitteleuropäischer GrünlandpflanzenBand 1MonocotyledoneaeGustav Fischer VerlagStuttgart516Search in Google Scholar

Kutschera, L. und E. Lichtenegger (1992): Wurzelatlas mitteleuropäischer Grünlandpflanzen. Band 2, Pteridophyta und Dicotyledoneae. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, 851 S.KutscheraL.LichteneggerE.1992Wurzelatlas mitteleuropäischer GrünlandpflanzenBand 2Pteridophyta und DicotyledoneaeGustav Fischer VerlagStuttgart851Search in Google Scholar

Larink, O., Heisler, C., Söchtig, W., Lübben, B. und L. Wickenbrock (1994): Auswirkungen von Bodenverdichtungen auf die Meso- und Makrofauna. Landbauforschung Völkenrode SH 114, 129–145.LarinkO.HeislerC.SöchtigW.LübbenB.WickenbrockL.1994Auswirkungen von Bodenverdichtungen auf die Meso- und MakrofaunaLandbauforschung Völkenrode SH114129145Search in Google Scholar

Lebert, M., Brunotte, J. und C. Sommer (2004): Ableitung von Kriterien zur Charakterisierung einer schädlichen Bodenveränderung, entstanden durch nutzungsbedingte Verdichtung von Böden/Regelungen zur Gefahrenabwehr. Texte Umweltbundesamt (Hrsg.) 46/04, Berlin, 122 S.LebertM.BrunotteJ.SommerC.2004Ableitung von Kriterien zur Charakterisierung einer schädlichen Bodenveränderung, entstanden durch nutzungsbedingte Verdichtung von Böden/Regelungen zur GefahrenabwehrTexte Umweltbundesamt4604Berlin122Search in Google Scholar

Martinez, L.J. und J.A. Zinck (2004): Temporal variation of soil compaction and deterioration of soil quality in pasture areas of Colombian Amazonia. Soil & Tillage Research 75, 3–17.MartinezL.J.ZinckJ.A.2004Temporal variation of soil compaction and deterioration of soil quality in pasture areas of Colombian AmazoniaSoil & Tillage Research7531710.1016/j.still.2002.12.001Search in Google Scholar

Materechera, S.A., Dexter, A.R. und A.M. Alston (1991): Penetration of very strong soils by seedling roots of different plant species. Plant and Soil 135, 31–41.MaterecheraS.A.DexterA.R.AlstonA.M.1991Penetration of very strong soils by seedling roots of different plant speciesPlant and Soil135314110.1007/BF00014776Search in Google Scholar

Meeuwig, R.O. (1965): Effects of seeding and grazing on infiltration capacity and soil stability of a subalpine range in central Utah. Journal of Range Management 18, 173–180.MeeuwigR.O.1965Effects of seeding and grazing on infiltration capacity and soil stability of a subalpine range in central UtahJournal of Range Management1817318010.2307/3895592Search in Google Scholar

Meredith, H.L. und W.H. Patrick, Jr. (1961): Effects of soil compaction on subsoil root penetration and physical properties of three soils in Louisiana. Agronomy Journal 53, 163–167.MeredithH.L.Patrick, Jr.W.H.1961Effects of soil compaction on subsoil root penetration and physical properties of three soils in LouisianaAgronomy Journal5316316710.2134/agronj1961.00021962005300030011xSearch in Google Scholar

Mohr, H.D. (1980): Einfluss der Bodeneigenschaften auf das Wurzelwachstum. Kali-Briefe 15, 305–316.MohrH.D.1980Einfluss der Bodeneigenschaften auf das WurzelwachstumKali-Briefe15305316Search in Google Scholar

Moitzi, G. und J. Boxberger (2007): Vermeidung von Bodenschadverdichtungen beim Einsatz von schweren Landmaschinen – eine aktuelle Herausforderung. https://www.bmlfuw.gv.at/land/laendl_entwicklung/Online-Fachzeitschrift-Laendlicher-Raum/archiv/2007/Moitzi.html. Abgerufen am 7. Juni 2017.MoitziG.BoxbergerJ.2007Vermeidung von Bodenschadverdichtungen beim Einsatz von schweren Landmaschinen – eine aktuelle Herausforderunghttps://www.bmlfuw.gv.at/land/laendl_entwicklung/Online-Fachzeitschrift-Laendlicher-Raum/archiv/2007/Moitzi.html7Juni2017Search in Google Scholar

Mulholland, B. und M.A. Fullen (1991): Cattle trampling and soil compaction on loamy sands. Soil Use and Management 7, 189–193.MulhollandB.FullenM.A.1991Cattle trampling and soil compaction on loamy sandsSoil Use and Management718919310.1111/j.1475-2743.1991.tb00873.xSearch in Google Scholar

Murer, E., Sisák, I, Baumgarten, A. und P. Strauss (2006): Bewertung der Unterbodenverdichtung von Ackerböden im österreichischen Alpenvorland. Die Bodenkultur 63, 7–15.MurerE.SisákIBaumgartenA.StraussP.2006Bewertung der Unterbodenverdichtung von Ackerböden im österreichischen AlpenvorlandDie Bodenkultur63715Search in Google Scholar

Naeth, M.A., Pluth, D.J., Chanasyk, D.S., Bailey, A.W. und A.W. Fedkenheuer (1990): Soil compacting impacts of grazing in mixed prairie and fescue grassland ecosystems of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 70, 157–167.NaethM.A.PluthD.J.ChanasykD.S.BaileyA.W.FedkenheuerA.W.1990Soil compacting impacts of grazing in mixed prairie and fescue grassland ecosystems of AlbertaCanadian Journal of Soil Science7015716710.4141/cjss90-018Search in Google Scholar

Nawaz, M.F., Bourrié, G. und F. Trolard (2013): Soil compaction impact and modelling. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development 33, 291–309.NawazM.F.BourriéG.TrolardF.2013Soil compaction impact and modelling. A reviewAgronomy for Sustainable Development3329130910.1007/s13593-011-0071-8Search in Google Scholar

Newell-Price, J.P., Whittingham, M.J., Chambers, B.J. und S. Peel (2013): Visual soil evaluation in relation to measured soil physical properties in a survey of grassland soil compaction in England and Wales. Soil & Tillage Research 127, 65–73.Newell-PriceJ.P.WhittinghamM.J.ChambersB.J.PeelS.2013Visual soil evaluation in relation to measured soil physical properties in a survey of grassland soil compaction in England and WalesSoil & Tillage Research127657310.1016/j.still.2012.03.003Search in Google Scholar

Peeters, A., Beaufoy, G., Canals, R.M., De Vliegher, A., Huyghe, C., Isselstein, J., Jones, G., Kessler, W., Kirilov, A., Mosquera-Losada, M.R., Nilsdotter-Linde, N., Parente, G., Peyraud, J.-L., Pickert, J., Plantureux, S., Porqueddu, C., Rataj, D., Stypinsky, P., Tonn, B., van den Polvan Dasselaar, A., Vintu, V. und R.J. Wilkins (2014): Grassland term definitions and classifications adapted to the diversity of European grassland-based systems. In: Proceedings of the 25^th General Meeting of the European Grassland Federation. Grassland Science in Europe 19, 743–750.PeetersA.BeaufoyG.CanalsR.M.De VliegherA.HuygheC.IsselsteinJ.JonesG.KesslerW.KirilovA.Mosquera-LosadaM.R.Nilsdotter-LindeN.ParenteG.PeyraudJ.-L.PickertJ.PlantureuxS.PorquedduC.RatajD.StypinskyP.TonnB.van den Polvan DasselaarA.VintuV.WilkinsR.J.2014Grassland term definitions and classifications adapted to the diversity of European grassland-based systemsProceedings of the 25^th General Meeting of the European Grassland FederationGrassland Science in Europe19743750Search in Google Scholar

Pietola, L., Horn, R. und M. Yli-Halla (2005): Effects of trampling by cattle on the hydraulic and mechanical properties of soil. Soil & Tillage Research 82, 99–108.PietolaL.HornR.Yli-HallaM.2005Effects of trampling by cattle on the hydraulic and mechanical properties of soilSoil & Tillage Research829910810.1016/j.still.2004.08.004Search in Google Scholar

Pulido, M., Schnabel, S., Lavado Contador, J.F., Lozano-Parra, J., Gómez-Gutiérrez, Á., Brevik, E.C. und A. Cerdà (2017): Reduction of the frequency of herbaceous roots as an effect of soil compaction induced by heavy grazing in rangelands of SW Spain. Catena 158, 381–389.PulidoM.SchnabelS.Lavado ContadorJ.F.Lozano-ParraJ.Gómez-GutiérrezÁ.BrevikE.C.CerdàA.2017Reduction of the frequency of herbaceous roots as an effect of soil compaction induced by heavy grazing in rangelands of SW SpainCatena15838138910.1016/j.catena.2017.07.019Search in Google Scholar

Sitaula, B.K., Hansen, S., Sitaula, J.I.B. und L.R. Bakken (2000): Effects of soil compaction on N₂O emission in agricultural soil. Chemosphere – Global Change Science 2, 367–371.SitaulaB.K.HansenS.SitaulaJ.I.B.BakkenL.R.2000Effects of soil compaction on N₂O emission in agricultural soilChemosphere – Global Change Science236737110.1016/S1465-9972(00)00040-4Search in Google Scholar

Schlichting, E., Blume, H.-P. und K. Stahr (1995): Bodenkundliches Praktikum. 2. Auflage, Blackwell Wissenschafts-Verlag, Berlin, 295 S.SchlichtingE.BlumeH.-P.StahrK.1995Bodenkundliches Praktikum2Blackwell Wissenschafts-VerlagBerlin295Search in Google Scholar

Schubiger, F.X. und J. Sachse (1992): Bewertung des Kriechenden und des Scharfen Hahnenfußes als Futterpflanze. Landwirtschaft Schweiz 5, 589–592.SchubigerF.X.SachseJ.1992Bewertung des Kriechenden und des Scharfen Hahnenfußes als FutterpflanzeLandwirtschaft Schweiz5589592Search in Google Scholar

Soane, B.D. (1990): The role of organic matter in soil compactibility: a review of some practical aspects. Soil & Tillage Research 16, 179–201.SoaneB.D.1990The role of organic matter in soil compactibility: a review of some practical aspectsSoil & Tillage Research1617920110.1016/0167-1987(90)90029-DSearch in Google Scholar

Sommer, C. (1985): Ursachen und Folgen von Bodenverdichtungen sowie Möglichkeiten zu ihrer Verminderung. Landtechnik 40, 378–384.SommerC.1985Ursachen und Folgen von Bodenverdichtungen sowie Möglichkeiten zu ihrer VerminderungLandtechnik40378384Search in Google Scholar

Spiekers, H. und V. Potthast (2003): Erfolgreiche Milchviehfütterung. DLG Verlag, Frankfurt/Main, 448 S.SpiekersH.PotthastV.2003Erfolgreiche MilchviehfütterungDLG VerlagFrankfurt/Main448Search in Google Scholar

Stahl, H., Marschall, K., Götze, H. und A. Freytag (2009): Bodendruck im Grünland. Schriftenreihe des Sächsischen Landesamtes für Umwelt, Landwirtschaft und Geologie, Heft 3/2009, 60 S.StahlH.MarschallK.GötzeH.FreytagA.2009Bodendruck im Grünland. Schriftenreihe des Sächsischen Landesamtes für UmweltLandwirtschaft und Geologie3200960Search in Google Scholar

Vaz, C.M.P., Bassoi, L.H. und J.W. Hopmans (2001): Contribution of water content and bulk density to field soil penetration resistance as measured by a combined cone penetrometer-TDR probe. Soil & Tillage Research 60, 35–42.VazC.M.P.BassoiL.H.HopmansJ.W.2001Contribution of water content and bulk density to field soil penetration resistance as measured by a combined cone penetrometer-TDR probeSoil & Tillage Research60354210.1016/S0167-1987(01)00173-8Search in Google Scholar

Vepraskas, M.J. (1988): Bulk density values diagnostic of restricted root growth in coarse-textured soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal 52, 1117–1121.VepraskasM.J.1988Bulk density values diagnostic of restricted root growth in coarse-textured soilsSoil Science Society of America Journal521117112110.2136/sssaj1988.03615995005200040042xSearch in Google Scholar

Voorhees, W.B., Nelson, W.W. und G.W. Randall (1986): Extent and persistence of subsoil compaction caused by heavy axle loads. Soil Science Society of America Journal 50, 428–433.VoorheesW.B.NelsonW.W.RandallG.W.1986Extent and persistence of subsoil compaction caused by heavy axle loadsSoil Science Society of America Journal5042843310.2136/sssaj1986.03615995005000020035xSearch in Google Scholar

ZAMG (Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik) (2002): Klimadaten von Österreich 1971-2000. http://www.zamg.ac.at/fix/klima/oe71-00/klima2000/klimadaten_oesterreich_1971_frame1.htm. Abgerufen am 7. Juni 2017.ZAMG (Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik)2002Klimadaten von Österreich1971-2000http://www.zamg.ac.at/fix/klima/oe71-00/klima2000/klimadaten_oesterreich_1971_frame1.htm7Juni2017Search in Google Scholar

Zhou, Z.C., Gan, Z.T., Shangguan, Z.P. und Z.B. Dong (2010): Effects of grazing on soil physical properties and soil erodibility in semiarid grassland of the Northern Loess Plateau (China). Catena 82, 87–91.ZhouZ.C.GanZ.T.ShangguanZ.P.DongZ.B.2010Effects of grazing on soil physical properties and soil erodibility in semiarid grassland of the Northern Loess Plateau (China)Catena82879110.1016/j.catena.2010.05.005Search in Google Scholar