Mazer’s theory application in Bi₄Ge₃O₁₂:V

The recent development of coherent light amplifiers and oscillators, now generally referred to as optical masers “or lasers,” has made feasible a host of new uses and applications of electromagnetic wave energy in the optical portion of the spectrum. Furthermore, the high degree of monochromaticity obtainable from an optical maser makes it a useful tool for spectroscopic investigations as well as for stimulating various types of chemical and physical reactions. The effect of vanadium doping transforms Bi₄Ge₃O₁₂ single crystals into optical maser. This result can be observed after thermoluminescence at 556 nm.