1. “On how many days in the last 3 months did you miss work or school because of your headaches?” | |||
Mean (SD) | 1.4 (3.93) | 1.5 (4.00) | 0.94 |
Median | 0 | 0 | |
Min–max | 0–21 | 0–21 | |
2. “How many days in the last 3 months was your productivity at work or school reduced by half or more because of your headaches? (Do not include days you counted in question 1 where you missed work or school.)” | |||
Mean (SD) | 1.8 (4.30) | 1.5 (3.90) | 0.95 |
Median | 0 | 0 | |
Min–max | 0–21 | 0–21 | |
3. “On how many days in the last 3 months did you not do household work (such as housework, home repairs and maintenance, shopping, caring for children and relatives) because of your headaches?” | |||
Mean (SD) | 1.4 (3.97) | 1.0 (3.83) | 0.95 |
Median | 0 | 0 | |
Min–max | 0–21 | 0–21 | |
4. “How many days in the last 3 months was your productivity in household work reduced by half or more because of your headaches? (Do not include days you counted in question 3 where you did not do household work.)” | |||
Mean (SD) | 1.7 (3.95) | 1.7 (4.07) | 0.94 |
Median | 0 | 0 | |
Min–max | 0–21 | 0–21 | |
5. “On how many days in the last 3 months did you miss family, social, or leisure activities because of your headaches?” | |||
Mean (SD) | 1.5 (3.94) | 1.1 (3.83) | 0.95 |
Median | 0 | 0 | |
Min–max | 0–21 | 0–21 | |
Total number of days from 5 questions | |||
Mean (SD) | 7.8 (19.50) | 6.8 (19.03) | 0.98 |
Median | 0 | 0 | |
Min–max | 0–105 | 0–105 | |
A. “On how many days in the last 3 months did you have a headache? (If a headache lasted more than 1 day, count each day.)” | |||
Mean (SD) | 18.4 (25.73) | 17.7 (24.99) | 0.97 |
Median | 8 | 9 | |
Min–max | 1–90 | 1–90 | |
B. “On a scale of 0 to 10, on average how painful were these headaches? (where 0 = no pain at all, and 10 = pain as bad as it can be)” | |||
Mean (SD) | 5.5 (2.15) | 5.6 (2.23) | 0.89 |
Median | 5 | 5 | |
Min–max | 1–10 | 1–10 | |
Grade I | 22 (71%) | 23 (71%) | 0.66 |
Grade II | 3 (10%) | 4 (13%) | |
Grade III | 2 (7%) | 4 (13%) | |
Grade IV | 4 (13%) | 1 (3%) |
Median duration of migraine history | <0.001 | 0.35 |
Having comorbidities | 0.30 | – |
In the past 3 months | ||
Frequency of headache, median attack | <0.001 | >0.99 |
Average pain duration per attack, median hours | <0.001 | 0.73 |
Average pain score, median NRS score | <0.001 | 0.007 |
In the past 2 months | ||
Frequency of headache, median attack | <0.001 | 0.76 |
Average pain duration per attack, median hours | <0.001 | 0.95 |
Average pain score, median NRS score | <0.001 | 0.13 |
In the past 1 month | ||
Frequency of headache, median attack | <0.001 | 0.33 |
Average pain duration per attack, median hours | 0.001 | 0.14 |
Average pain score, median NRS score | <0.001 | 0.56 |
In the past 2 weeks | ||
Frequency of headache, median attack | 0.23 | – |
Average pain duration per attack, median hours | 0.73 | – |
Average pain score, median NRS score | <0.001 | 0.86 |
Pain Disability Index [ | Unspecified chronic pain | Ability to engage in 7 categories of life activities | – | Preliminary validity |
Henry Ford Hospital HDI [ | Nonspecific types of headache | Ability to complete daily life tasks | Good construct validity, acceptable internal consistency, strong test–retest reliability | – |
HImQ [ | Migraine | 16-Item: pain intensity and lost time in work outside the home, in household work, and nonwork activities | Acceptable internal consistency, strong test–retest correlation | Weak to strong criterion validity, complexity in scoring |
MIDAS Questionnaire [ | Migraine | Simple 5-item self-administered type derived in part from and solving the practical limitation of the HImQ, capturing lost time from work for pay, housework, and nonwork activities | Moderate to strong criterion validity, acceptable internal consistency, strong to very strong test–retest reliability | – |
HIT [ | Nonspecific types of headache | 6-Item on pain, social-role limitations, cognitive functioning, psychological distress, and vitality | Good discriminant validity, acceptable internal consistency, excellent test–retest reliability | – |
IPDS [ | Chronic daily headache, medication overuse | 20-Item assessing beliefs regarding autonomy/disability in different situations of life | Moderate to strong convergent validity, acceptable internal consistency | No reliability test |
HADLI [ | Migraine, tension-type, cervicogenic headaches | 9-Item on specific activity of daily living | Acceptable internal consistency | Face validity, no reliability test |
FAIM questionnaire [ | Migraine | 9 Mental functioning items measuring dimensions of attention/thought, perception, and relevant 5 items of a list of activities and participation | Good convergent validity, acceptable internal consistency | No reliability test |
BURMIG [ | Migraine | 77-Item of burden and disability obtained from MIDAS | Acceptable construct validity, acceptable internal consistency, strong reliability test | – |
EUROLIGHT [ | Primary headache disorders | 103-Item of burden and disability revised from BURMIG | Acceptable construct validity, excellent internal consistency, good reliability test | – |
HARDSHIP questionnaire [ | Migraine and tension-type and medication overuse headache | Burden measurement | Epidemiological validation | No clinical validation |
HALT [ | All headache disorders | Global burden measurement and for alleviation of the burden; direct and close derivative of MIDAS | Epidemiological validation | No clinical validation |
MIBS [ | Migraine | Interictal migraine-related burden measurement in 4 domains: work/school, family/social life, making plans/commitments, emotional/affective/cognitive distress | Good validity, internal consistency and reliability test | – |
MPFID [ | Migraine | 13-Item on daily physical functioning | Good convergent validity, internal consistency, and reliability | – |
Frequency of headache, median attack (interquartile range) | 8 (14) | 6 (9) | 4 (7) | – | – | – |
Mean frequency of headache per month, median attack (interquartile range) | 2.7 (4.7) | 3 (4.5) | 4 (7) | 0.34 | 0.21 | 0.79 |
Mean pain duration per attack, median hours (interquartile range) | 2 (2) | 2 (2) | 2 (3) | 0.22 | 0.18 | >0.99 |
Mean pain score, median NRS score (interquartile range) | 5 (3) | 5 (2) | 5 (5) | 0.75 | 0.39 | 0.39 |
Italian [ | Two independent | Two different experts | Not mentioned | 0.7 | 0.54–0.77 |
Japanese [ | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | 0.36–0.88 | Not mentioned | 0.59–0.83 |
Turkish 1 [ | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | 0.47–0.63 | 0.73–0.87 | 0.68 |
Turkish 2 [ | A physician | A neurologist | 0.54–0.89 | 0.78–0.90 | 0.66–0.81 |
Taiwanese [ | Following standard technique, not detailed | Following standard technique, not detailed | 0.34–0.37 | 0.79 | 0.48–0.73 |
Thai [ | Three; one professional | One professional | 0.32–0.74 | Not mentioned | 0.58–0.82 |
Thai [ | Two; one neurologist, another native speaker | One fluent in English | Not tested | 0.95 | 0.36–0.94 |
Arabic [ | One professional | Independent professional | 0.71–0.92 | 0.86, 0.96 | 0.97–0.99 |
Greek [ | Two bilingual speakers | Two bilingual speakers | Correlation with RAND-36 | 0.71, 0.82 | 0.41–0.81 |
German [ | Two bilingual independent different background | Two bilingual independent different background | Not mentioned | 0.69, 0.67 | 0.88–0.99 |
Spanish [ | Two bilingual independent experts | Two bilingual experts | 0.53, 0.34 | 0.79 | 0.63–0.90 |
Present study | Bilingual neurologist | Another bilingual physician with blinding and independence | 0.45–0.57 | 0.98 | 0.89–0.98 |
MIDAS grade | 0.66 |
Total number of headache days (question A) | –0.07 | 0.10 | 0.20 |
Average headache severity (question B) | 0.49 | 0.42 | 0.45 |
Frequency of headache | –0.07 | 0.10 | 0.20 |
Mean pain duration per attack | 0.58 | 0.56 | 0.57 |
Mean pain score, NRS | 0.49 | 0.42 | 0.45 |
In the past 3 months (interquartile range) | |||
Frequency of headache, median attack | 8 (14) | 9 (11) | >0.99 |
Mean pain duration per attack, median hours | 2 (2) | 2 (2) | 0.34 |
Mean pain score, median NRS score | 5 (3) | 5 (4) | 0.58 |
In the past 2 months (interquartile range) | |||
Frequency of headache, median attack | 6 (9) | 6 (9) | 0.55 |
Mean pain duration per attack, median hours | 2 (2) | 2 (2) | >0.99 |
Mean pain score, median NRS score | 5 (2) | 5 (3) | 0.75 |
In the past 1 month (interquartile range) | |||
Frequency of headache, median attack | 4 (7) | 4 (6) | 0.61 |
Mean pain duration per attack, median hours | 2 (3) | 2 (2) | >0.99 |
Mean pain score, median NRS score | 5 (5) | 5 (4) | 0.77 |
In the past 2 weeks (interquartile range) | |||
Frequency of headache, median attack | 1 (3) | 2 (4) | 0.22 |
Mean pain duration per attack, median hours | 1 (2) | 1 (2) | >0.99 |
Mean pain score, median NRS score | 4 (1) | 5 (3) | >0.99 |