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Female-Based Urban Poverty in Parts of Sehore City, India


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Fig. 1.

Location map of the study area, Sehore M.C., Madhya Pradesh.
Location map of the study area, Sehore M.C., Madhya Pradesh.

Fig. 2.

Economic poverty domain.
Source: own compilation.
Economic poverty domain. Source: own compilation.

Fig. 3.

Education poverty domain.
Source: own compilation.
Education poverty domain. Source: own compilation.

Fig. 4.

Lack of the empowerment domain.
Source: own compilation.
Lack of the empowerment domain. Source: own compilation.

Fig. 5.

Health poverty domain.
Source: own compilation.
Health poverty domain. Source: own compilation.

Fig. 6.

Lack of decision-making power domain.
Lack of decision-making power domain.

Fig. 7.

Time poverty domain.
Time poverty domain.

Fig. 8.

Overall weighted deprivation scores, female-based urban poverty index, Sehore M.C.
Overall weighted deprivation scores, female-based urban poverty index, Sehore M.C.

List of indicators for the female-based Urban Poverty Index.

No. Domain Indicator
1 Economic poverty 1. % of non-working females
2. % of females earning less than average income of females
3. % of female workers in unorganised sector1
4. % of females as unpaid family workers
5. % of female workers as non-regular earners
6. % of females in hazardous jobs
7. % of females with work-related ailments
8. % of females working under compassion
9. % of females with no job security
10. % of females with no or low job satisfaction
11. % of females with no or conditional social acceptance
2 Educational poverty 1. % of illiterate women
2. % of females having education below graduation
3. % of females without technical/vocational training
3 Social poverty 1. % of females having no freedom to visit market place alone
2. % of females having no freedom to visit health facility alone
3. % of females having no control over personal income
4. % of females having no exposure to media
4 Health poverty 1. % of females not having normal BMI2
2. % of females never consuming milk, pulses/beans and green vegetables
3. % of females having no access to Anganwadi3
4. % of females having no access to health services
5. % of females having no awareness of common ailments
5 Lack of decision making power at household level 1. % of females with decision deficit on major household purchasing
2. % of females with decision deficit on education/expense of children
3. % of females having no decision on purchasing medical treatment
4. % of females having no decision on purchasing daily food items
6 Lack of time for relaxation 1. % of females spending more than four hours on unpaid domestic chores
2. % of female workers working more than average working hours for women
3. % of females whose work is not shared by others within the household

Normalised matrix.

0.40 0.59 0.35 0.34 0.27 0.18
0.13 0.20 0.35 0.34 0.38 0.24
0.13 0.07 0.12 0.11 0.16 0.18
0.13 0.07 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.18
0.08 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.05 0.18
0.13 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.06

Ratio index.

n 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
RI 0.00 0.00 0.58 0.90 1.12 1.24 1.32 1.41 1.46 1.49

Eigen vector showing the strength of the domains.

Variable Eigen vector Rank
Economic poverty (18–65 years of age) 0.354 1
Educational poverty (all females >7 years of age) 0.272 2
Social poverty – lack of women empowerment (>18 years of age) 0.128 3
Health poverty (15–49 years of age) 0.119 4
Lack of decision-making power at HH level (>18 years of age) 0.072 5
Lack of time for relaxation (>15 years of age) 0.056 6
eISSN:
2081-6383
Język:
Angielski
Częstotliwość wydawania:
4 razy w roku
Dziedziny czasopisma:
Geosciences, Geography