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The Range of Ice Thrusts and Ice Piles as Reflected by Ice Scars on Trees Growing on the Shores of Coastal Lagoons: The Case of the Szczecin Lagoon

Józef Piotr Girjatowicz
Józef Piotr Girjatowicz
, 
Małgorzata Świątek
Małgorzata Świątek
 oraz 
Tomasz Arkadiusz Łabuz
Tomasz Arkadiusz Łabuz
   | 20 sty 2024
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Data publikacji: 20 sty 2024
Zakres stron: 93 - 110
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/quageo-2024-0006
© 2024 Józef Piotr Girjatowicz et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1.

Szczecin Lagoon. A – location on the South Baltic Sea coast; B – lagoon location between land and Uznam and Wolin Islands; C – wind rose at station Świnoujście, 2000–2022 (complied after Łabuz 2022); D – Lagoon coastline with the location of trees with ice scars (black points) and their number.
Szczecin Lagoon. A – location on the South Baltic Sea coast; B – lagoon location between land and Uznam and Wolin Islands; C – wind rose at station Świnoujście, 2000–2022 (complied after Łabuz 2022); D – Lagoon coastline with the location of trees with ice scars (black points) and their number.

Fig. 2.

Examples of ice scars on trees on the lagoon shore. A – a cluster of trees (1–4) bearing ice scars, growing in a small bay, Mönkebude, 25 May 2022; B –trees bearing ice scars (1–2) close to the eroded shoreline, Zagórze, 26 September 2022; C – double scars, Zagórze, 26 September 2022, 1a–1b – north-western thrust direction, 2a–2b – south-western thrust direction.
Examples of ice scars on trees on the lagoon shore. A – a cluster of trees (1–4) bearing ice scars, growing in a small bay, Mönkebude, 25 May 2022; B –trees bearing ice scars (1–2) close to the eroded shoreline, Zagórze, 26 September 2022; C – double scars, Zagórze, 26 September 2022, 1a–1b – north-western thrust direction, 2a–2b – south-western thrust direction.

Fig. 3.

Distribution of trees with scars (flags) on: A – the south-western shore, Altwarp-Siedlung region (As1 ÷ As6); B – a north-eastern shore, Karnocice region (Kr2 ÷ Kr13).
Distribution of trees with scars (flags) on: A – the south-western shore, Altwarp-Siedlung region (As1 ÷ As6); B – a north-eastern shore, Karnocice region (Kr2 ÷ Kr13).

Fig. 4.

The relationship between the distance from the shore of ice damage on trees and their maximum height above water level.
The relationship between the distance from the shore of ice damage on trees and their maximum height above water level.

Fig. 5.

Quartiles, extremes and average values of the distance of ice-damaged trees from the shoreline on the entire shore of the lagoon (Total, T) and in its separated parts.
Quartiles, extremes and average values of the distance of ice-damaged trees from the shoreline on the entire shore of the lagoon (Total, T) and in its separated parts.

Fig. 6.

Quartiles, extremes and average values of the heights for ice scars above water level on trees on the entire shore of the lagoon (Total, T) and in its separated parts.
Quartiles, extremes and average values of the heights for ice scars above water level on trees on the entire shore of the lagoon (Total, T) and in its separated parts.

Fig. 7.

Examples of ice scars on trees on the Lagoon shore: high-lying and long (A, B), low-lying and long (C), low-lying and short (D, E), on an ice-fallen tree (F). A – pines, north-eastern shore, Karnocice, 13 March 2017; B – poplars, south-western shore, Bellin, 29 September 2020; C – poplar, eastern shore, Kopice, 15 February 2017; D – pines, south-western shore, Altwarp Siedlung, 29 September 2020; E – willow, eastern shore, Rów Peninsula, 18 March 2003; F – willow, eastern shore, Rów Peninsula, 18 March 2003.
Examples of ice scars on trees on the Lagoon shore: high-lying and long (A, B), low-lying and long (C), low-lying and short (D, E), on an ice-fallen tree (F). A – pines, north-eastern shore, Karnocice, 13 March 2017; B – poplars, south-western shore, Bellin, 29 September 2020; C – poplar, eastern shore, Kopice, 15 February 2017; D – pines, south-western shore, Altwarp Siedlung, 29 September 2020; E – willow, eastern shore, Rów Peninsula, 18 March 2003; F – willow, eastern shore, Rów Peninsula, 18 March 2003.

Fig. 8.

Average lengths and widths of ice scars on trees in separated parts of the shore of the Szczecin Lagoon.
Average lengths and widths of ice scars on trees in separated parts of the shore of the Szczecin Lagoon.

Fig. 9.

The number of ice-scarred trees and their density scale in the designated segments of the Szczecin Lagoon (according to the method of Lederer, Garver 1996).
The number of ice-scarred trees and their density scale in the designated segments of the Szczecin Lagoon (according to the method of Lederer, Garver 1996).

Fig. 10.

Thrust ice fields with ice sheets in the northwest part of Rów Peninsula. A – 28 January 2003; B – 1 February 2004 (based on Girjatowicz 2015).
Thrust ice fields with ice sheets in the northwest part of Rów Peninsula. A – 28 January 2003; B – 1 February 2004 (based on Girjatowicz 2015).

Fig. 11.

Ice hummocks in the near-shore zones of coastal lagoons. A – in a destroyed reed belt, resting against the tree line, eastern shore of the Szczecin Lagoon, Czarnocin, 6 February 2004; B – the peak of a hummock next to a tree trunk bearing a fresh ice scar, formed on 8 February 2011, southern shore of the Vistula Lagoon, Frombork, 11 February 2011.
Ice hummocks in the near-shore zones of coastal lagoons. A – in a destroyed reed belt, resting against the tree line, eastern shore of the Szczecin Lagoon, Czarnocin, 6 February 2004; B – the peak of a hummock next to a tree trunk bearing a fresh ice scar, formed on 8 February 2011, southern shore of the Vistula Lagoon, Frombork, 11 February 2011.

T-test parameters for average distances of ice-damaged trees from the individual shore segments (labelled using the respective geographic directions) against the average distance of damaged trees from the shoreline (Total, T). Average, a – average for a given shore segment, Average, T – average for the entire lagoon shore, t – t-test value, p – t-test significance level; t-test parameters indicating statistically significant differences between averages are underlined.

Area Average, a Average, T t p
[m]
West and T 4.84 9.57 -0.88 0.38
Southwest and T 22.93 9.57 3.85 0.00
Southeast and T 11.87 9.57 0.72 0.47
East and T 7.64 9.57 -0.95 0.34
Northeast and T 6.59 9.57 -1.31 0.19
Northwest and T 8.23 9.57 -0.65 0.52

T-test parameters for average values of maximum tree ice scar elevations in individual shore segments (labelled using the respective geographic directions) against average maximum tree ice scar elevation (Total, T). Average, a – average for a given shore segment, Average, T – average for the entire lagoon shore, t – t-test value, p – t-test significance level; t-test parameters indicating statistically significant differences between averages are underlined.

Area Average, a Average, T t p
[m]
West and T 0.74 1.48 -2.15 0.03
South-western and T 1.31 1.48 -0.87 0.38
South-eastern and T 1.20 1.48 -1.40 0.16
East and T 1.45 1.48 -0.21 0.84
North-eastern and T 1.86 1.48 2.36 0.02
North-western and T 1.51 1.48 0.19 0.85
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Język:
Angielski
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Dziedziny czasopisma:
Geosciences, Geography
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