[1. Shin, S.T., Jang, S.K., Yang, H.S., Lee, O,K., Shim, Y.H., Choi, W.II., Lee, D.S., Lee, G.S., Cho, J.K., Lee, Y.W. (2008). Laparoscopy vs. laparotomy for embryo transfer to produce transgenic goats (Capra hircus). J. Vet. Sci. 9, 103-107. http://dx.doi.org/10.4142/jvs.2008.9.1.10310.4142/jvs.2008.9.1.103283910418296894]Search in Google Scholar
[PMid:18296894 PMCid:PMC2839104]Search in Google Scholar
[2. Dovenski T., Trojacanec P., Petkov V., Popovska- Percinic F., Kocoski Lj. Grizelj J. (2012).]Search in Google Scholar
[Laparoscopy-promising tool for improvement of reproductive efficiency of small ruminants. Mac Vet Rev 2012; 35(1): 5 - 11.]Search in Google Scholar
[3. Hall, L.W., Clarke, K.W., Trim, C.M. (2001).]Search in Google Scholar
[Veterinary anaesthesia, fourth edition, W.B Saunders, Tottenham court road, London (U.K).]Search in Google Scholar
[4. Lamont, L.A. (2002). Local anaesthetics in veterinary anaesthesia and pain management secrets.10.1016/B978-1-56053-442-6.50020-6]Search in Google Scholar
[First edition. Hanley and Belfus, INC. Medical publishers, Philadelphia.]Search in Google Scholar
[5. Skarda, R.T., Tranquilli, W.J. (2007). Local and regional anesthetic and analgesic techniques: Ruminant and swine. Lumb & Jones’ Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia. Fourth edition. Ames, IA: Blackwell Publishing.]Search in Google Scholar
[PMCid:PMC1852112]Search in Google Scholar
[6. Edmondson, M.A. (2014). Local and regional anesthetic techniques in farm animal anesthesia.10.1002/9781118886700.ch7]Search in Google Scholar
[Lin, H and Walz, P (Eds.), fi rst edition, Wiley Blackwell, Lowa, USA.]Search in Google Scholar
[7. Gray, P.R., Mc Donell, W.N. (1986). Anesthesia in goats and sheep. Part I. Local analgesia. Compen.]Search in Google Scholar
[Contin. Edu. Pract. Vet. 8, S33-S39.]Search in Google Scholar
[8. Ivany, J.M., Muir, W.W. (2004). Farm animal anesthesia. In: Farm animal surgery. Fubini, S.L and Ducharme, N.G (eds.), first edition, Saunders, Missouri.]Search in Google Scholar
[9. Ala-Kokko, T.I., Partanen, A., Kainen, J., Kiviluoma, K., Alahuhta, S. (2000). Pharmacokinetics of 0.2 % ropivacaine and 0.2 % bupivacaine following caudal blocks in children. Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand. 44, 1099-1102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-6576.2000.440911.x PMid:1102873010.1034/j.1399-6576.2000.440911.x11028730]Search in Google Scholar
[10. Singh, K., Kinjavdekar., Amarpal., Aithal, H.P., Gopinathan, A., Singh, G.R., Singh, T., Pawde, A.M. Pratap, K. (2005). Clinicophysiological and hematobiochemical effects of epidural ropivacaine in uremic and healthy caprines. Indian J. Vet. Surg. 26, 11-15.]Search in Google Scholar
[11. Ahmad, R., Shukla, B.P., Jain, R. (2011).]Search in Google Scholar
[Clinicophysiological changes following epidural analgesia by bupivacaine, ropivacaine or ropivacaine-xylazine combination in goats. Indian J.]Search in Google Scholar
[Vet. Surg. 32, 57-58.]Search in Google Scholar
[12. Ahmad, R., Shukla, B.P. (2013). Haematobiochemical changes following epidural analgesia by bupivacaine, ropivacaine and ropivacaine- xylazine combination in goats. Indian J. Field Vet. 8, 47-51.]Search in Google Scholar
[13. Kuthiala, G., Choudhary, G. (2011). Ropivacaine: A review of its pharmacology and its clinical use. Ind.10.4103/0019-5049.79875310637921712863]Search in Google Scholar
[J. Anaesth. 55,104-110.]Search in Google Scholar
[14. Amarpal., Kinjavdekar, H., Aithal, H.P., Singh, G.R., Pawde, A., Singh, T., Sharma, N. Pratap, K. (2007). Comparison of two doses of ropivacaine for lumbosacral epidural analgesia in buffalo calves (Bubalus bubalis). Vet. Rec. 160, 766-769. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.160.22.76610.1136/vr.160.22.76617545647]Search in Google Scholar
[PMid:17545647]Search in Google Scholar
[15. Kinjavdekar, P., Aithal, H.P., Amarpal., Pawde, A.M., Pratap, K., Singh, G.R. (2006). Potential effect of romifidine with lidocaine administration in goats. Small Rumin. Res. 64, 293-304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.04.02910.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.04.029]Search in Google Scholar
[16. Dadafarid, H., Najafpour, A. (2008). Hematochemical changes following epidural analgesia by bupivacaine, ketamine and their combination in Chall sheep. J. Anim. Vet. Adv. 7, 1524-1527.]Search in Google Scholar
[17. Adetunji, A., Ajadi, R.A., Opia, R.E. (2002). A comparison of epidural anaesthesia with xylazine, bupivacaine and bupivacaine/xylazine mixture in West African dwarf goats. Isr. J. Vet Med. 57, 74-80.]Search in Google Scholar
[18. De Rossi, R., Junqueira, A.L., Lopes, R.A., Beretta, M.P. (2005). Use of ketamine or lidocaine or in combination for subarachnoid analgesia in goats. Small Rumin. Res. 59, 95-101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2004.11.00910.1016/j.smallrumres.2004.11.009]Search in Google Scholar
[19. Rostami, M., Vesal, N. (2012). The effects of adding epinephrine or xylazine to lidocaine solution for lumbosacral epidural analgesia in fat-tailed sheep. J.10.4102/jsava.v83i1.123327124]Search in Google Scholar
[S. Afri. Vet. Assoc. 83, 1-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jsava.v83i1.110.4102/jsava.v83i1.1]Search in Google Scholar
[PMid:23327124]Search in Google Scholar
[20. Amnikov, B. (1999). Epidural administration of xylazine-lidocaine mixture in sheep-analgesic and cardiopulmonary effects. Vet. Arhive 69, 327-333.]Search in Google Scholar
[21. Franz, S., Dadak, A.M., Khol, J.L., Damaso, A., Baumgartner, W. (2009). Laparoscopic performed cystotomy and catheter implantation in male sheep.]Search in Google Scholar
[Vet. Med. 54, 367-373.]Search in Google Scholar
[22. Araujo, M.A., Albuquerque, V.B., Deschk, M., Santos, G.G.F., Rodrigues, C.A., Oliva, V.N.L.S., Santos, P.S.P. (2012). Cardiopulmonary and analgesic effects of caudal epidurally administered ropivacaine in cattle. Vet. Anaesth. Analg. 39, 409-413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2995.2012.00726.x PMid:2257481510.1111/j.1467-2995.2012.00726.x]Search in Google Scholar
[23. Skarda, R.T., Muir, W.W. (2001). Analgesia, hemodynamic and respiratory effects of caudal epidurally administered ropivacaine hydrochloride in mares. Vet. Anaesth. Analg. 28, 61-74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1467-2995.2001.00025.x10.1046/j.1467-2995.2001.00025.x]Search in Google Scholar
[24. Duke, T., Caulkett, N.A., Ball, H.S., Remedios, A.M. (2000). Comparative analgesia and cardiopulmonary effects of bupivacaine and ropivacaine in the epidural space of conscious dogs. Vet. Anaesth.]Search in Google Scholar
[Analg. 27, 13-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1467-2995.2000.00001.x10.1046/j.1467-2995.2000.00001.x]Search in Google Scholar
[25. Sadegh, A.B., Shafiei, Z., Nazhvani, S.D. (2009).]Search in Google Scholar
[Comparison of epidural anesthesia with lidocainedistilled water and lidocaine-magnesium sulfate mixture in goat. Vet. Arh. 79, 1-17.]Search in Google Scholar
[26. Aithal, H.P., Amarpal., Pratap, K. , Singh, G.R. (1996).]Search in Google Scholar
[Clinical effects of epidurally administered ketamine and xylazine in goats. Small Rumin. Res. 24, 55-64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0921-4488(96)00919-410.1016/S0921-4488(96)00919-4]Search in Google Scholar
[27. Keskin, M., Biçer, O., Gül, S., Sarı, A. (2006).]Search in Google Scholar
[A study on comparison of some physiological adaptation parameters of different goat genotypes under the eastern Mediterranean climatical condition. Hayvansal Üretim. 47, 16-20.]Search in Google Scholar
[28. Devendra, C. (1987). Bioclimatology and the adaptation of livestock. In: Johnson H.P. (Ed.), Goats. Elsevier Publ., 157, Holland, pp. 16-77.]Search in Google Scholar
[29. Habibian, S., Bigham, A.S., Aali, E. (2011).]Search in Google Scholar
[Comparison of lidocaine, tramadol and lidocainetramadol for epidural analgesia in lambs. Res. Vet.]Search in Google Scholar
[Sci. 91, 434-438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.09.02310.1016/j.rvsc.2010.09.02321036376]Search in Google Scholar
[PMid:21036376]Search in Google Scholar
[30. De Rossi, R., Silva-Neto, A.B., Pompermeyer, C.T.D., Frazílio, F.O., Paulo, H.A., Jardim, A.C.L. (2012).]Search in Google Scholar
[The efficacy and safety of levobupivacaine administered by lumbosacral epidural route in conscious sheep. Res. Vet. Sci. 92, 278-282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.11.00610.1016/j.rvsc.2010.11.00621167540]Search in Google Scholar
[PMid:21167540]Search in Google Scholar
[31. Conzemius, M.G., Hill, C.M., Sammarco, J.L., Perkowski, S.Z. (1997). Correlation between subjective and objective measures used to determine severity of postoperative pain in dogs. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 210, 1619-1622.]Search in Google Scholar
[PMid:9170089]Search in Google Scholar
[32. Lin, H. (2014). Commonly used preanesthetics.10.1002/9781118886700.ch2]Search in Google Scholar
[In: Farm animal anesthesia. Lin, H and Walz, P (editors), first edition, Wiley Blackwell, Lowa, USA. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118886700 10.1002/9781118886700]Search in Google Scholar