<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Using emulsifiers in poultry diets may increase digestibility of alternative lipid sources and enrich poultry egg yolks altering their fatty acid composition. This study aimed to evaluate performance, nutrient digestibility, egg quality, egg quality according to their storage period, and the fatty acid profile of Japanese quail egg yolk (<italic>Coturnix coturnix japônica</italic>). The design was completely randomized, in which 270 female quails were allocated in a 3x2 factorial diet arrangement: three lipid sources (soybean oil, poultry fat, and beef tallow), supplemented or not with an emulsifier, following two nutritional strategies – a diet formulated to meet the nutritional requirements proposed by INRA and a diet formulated with a reduction of 96 Kcal/kg of feed and added emulsifier. The effects of interactions between the lipid sources and the emulsifier were studied, their isolated effects when interactions were absent and the effect of storage time, and their interactions with the factors evaluated for egg quality variables. Feed intake was greater when beef tallow was added to the diets, while feed conversion was worse for birds fed diets with soybean oil and the emulsifier. Quails fed the diet with the emulsifier and soybean oil produced better quality eggs represented by the higher Haugh unit. Diets with beef tallow and poultry fat provided a higher percentage of palmitic and unsaturated fatty acids in the quail egg yolk. Alternative lipid sources such as beef tallow and poultry fat can be used as a substitute for soybean oil with added emulsifiers in diets for egg-laying quails without impairing performance and egg quality. The use of emulsifiers with alternative lipid sources to soybean oil can be considered a nutritional strategy in laying quail diets, but the reduction of energy in the diet must be adequate for the species.
</abstract>

Lipid sources and emulsifiers in Japanese quail diets as modulators of performance, egg quality and yolk fatty acid profile

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of cranberry juice on bone microstructure. The research was carried out on an animal model (experimental animals, Windstar rats). The structure of the proximal tibial metaphysis was analyzed using micro CT, and X-ray microtomography equipment with a VDS 1.3Mp FW camera. It was found that cranberry juice increased bone mineral density (BMD). It also increased the thickness of the bone trabeculae (Tb.Th). The highest BMD value was observed in group drinking a 10% concentration of cranberry juice. In rats drinking 25% concentration, an increase in Tb.Th was observed compared to the two other groups, including the control group.
</abstract>

The effect of cranberry juice on bone growth and development using an animal model

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Heat stress-induced reduction in feed intake in an annoyance of the poultry industry. High environmental temperature is a serious stress affecting economic and biological efficiency of poultry production in tropical and subtropical regions countries that are expected to become more prominent with global climate change. An effective tool for improving heat tolerance can be genomic selection based on single nucleotide polymorphisms. In the past few years, new molecular tools have been developed, such as RNA-Seq, Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), and bioinformatics approaches such as Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS). Based on these genetic tools, many studies have detected the main pathways involved in cellular response mechanisms. This study aims to present chicken genomic regions controlling survival against heat stress. Genetic studies conducted on experimental lines can therefore be of potential interest for marker-assisted selection in commercial lines. Also, survivability to high temperature might be due to the SNP markers that are located inside or close to the genes such as CEP78, MEF2C, VPS13A, ARRDC3, and which had relatively biological pathways in heat shock resistance.
</abstract>

Approaches using genome-wide association studies and heat stress resistance related genes in chicken – a review

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
To improve the quality of poultry meat and increase the health-promoting properties, poultry nutrition used additives such as phytobiotic substances and amino acids. The aim of this study was to analyze the possibility of improving production rates and meat quality by simultaneously supplementing broiler diets with garlic extract and β-alanine. A total of 1050 ROSS 308 broiler chickens were part of the experiment. The chickens were divided into several groups: the control group without additives (Control), groups with 0.5% garlic extract (G05) or 2% garlic extract (G2), groups with 0.5% added β-alanine (B0.5) or 2% added β-alanine (B2), and groups with both 0.5% added garlic extract and 0.5% added β-alanine (BG0.5) or 2% garlic extract and 2% added β-alanine (BG2). Each group was further divided into six replicates, with each replicate consisting of 25 birds. After 35 days of rearing, the chickens were slaughtered, and analyses were conducted on breast and leg muscle chemistry, bioactive peptide content, and the oxidative status indicator dimalondialdehyde in muscles stored under refrigeration until day 10.The results showed significant improvements in certain aspects. The BG05 group exhibited an increase in final body weight (P&lt;0.001) and improved feed utilization (P&lt;0.001). The β-alanine-supplemented groups showed higher levels of protein (P&lt;0.001), carnosine (P&lt;0.001), and anserine (P&lt;0.001) in both breast and leg muscles. Additionally, leg muscles showed increased levels of protein (P&lt;0.001), carnosine (P&lt;0.001),and anserine (P&lt;0.001).Notably, the BG05 group contained lower levels of MDA in both breast and leg muscles (P&lt;0.001).
</abstract>

Dietary supplementation broilers with β-alanine and garlic extract improves production results and muscle oxidative status

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of a Cannabis sativa extract rich in cannabidiol in the diet of chickens under induced stress conditions. This was achieved through the administration of subclinical doses of inflammation-inducing <italic>Clostridium perfringens</italic> bacteria and lipopolysaccharide, which are commonly found in poultry production. A total of 204 male Ross (line 308) chicks were divided into 6 groups, with variations in <italic>Cannabis sativa</italic> extract addition (30 g/1000 g of feed on top) and stress induction methods. At 21 and 22 days of age the birds from the CH1 group were infected (<italic>per os</italic>) with 1 mL of inoculum (brain-heart infusion medium) containing approximately 108 CFU/mL of <italic>C. perfringens</italic>. At the same times birds of group CH2 were <italic>per os</italic> administered lipopolysaccharide in a dose of 1 mL containing 250 μg/kg body weight of. The results indicate that incorporating a 30 g/1000 g <italic>Cannabis sativa</italic> extract (CBD) additive in chicken diets leads to an increase in ultimate body weight and maintains weight under stressed conditions (P&lt;0.05), without adverse effects on slaughter analysis. Moreover, CBD supplementation does not significantly affect (P&gt;0.05) the physical and chemical parameters or primary composition of breast muscle and liver. However, it may alter the n-6/n-3 acid ratio. Additionally, CBD supplementation helps maintain blood biochemical and antioxidant parameters, supporting overall chicken body homeostasis stressed. Incorporating <italic>Cannabis sativa</italic> extracts at 30 g/1000 g of feed presents a potential protective measure to enhance poultry farming in challenging intensive production conditions.
</abstract>

Effects of <italic>Cannabis sativa</italic> extract<italic> </italic>on growth performance, meat physicochemical properties, and oxidative status in chickens challenged with <italic>Clostridium perfringens </italic>and lipopolysaccharide

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Anthocyanins are water-soluble pigments contained in numerous food plants. This study provides an overall quantitative literature analysis on anthocyanins. Bibliometric data were collected through the search string TOPIC = anthocyan*, which yielded 44,121 publications indexed within the Web of Science Core Collection. Term maps were generated using VOSviewer software to visualize frequently mentioned terms alongside their citation data. The literature has been growing fast since the 2000s and predominantly consists of original articles, with a ratio of 13.8:1 compared to reviews. The most productive author was Professor Victor de Freitas from the University of Porto, whereas the most productive countries were China and the United States. Many publications were published in food science &amp; technology and plant sciences journals. Frequently mentioned chemicals/chemical classes included anthocyanin, flavonoid, cyanidin, phenolic compound, and polyphenol. Recurring food items of the anthocyanin papers were grapes, many berries, and specific varieties of rice, maize, potato, and tomato.
</abstract>

Anthocyanins - dietary natural products with a variety of bioactivities for the promotion of human and animal health

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The effects of dietary protein content on health and productivity were studied in 41 weaned Danube white breed pigs growing from 9 to 25 kg live weight. The duration of the experiment was 41 days. The compound feeds for the two groups had the same component composition and were calculated to match the needs of the animals, but differed in the amount of crude protein. Animals were offered two diets providing 190.2 and 160.2 g crude protein per kg and 9.3 g lysine per kg, respectively. When reducing dietary protein, it is important to pay attention to lysine, as it is key to growth and general animal health. The equalisation of the lysine content in the compound feeds was done by synthetic lysine. Pigs were fed ad libitum equal rations. In conclusion: Reduced protein levels did not significantly affect the growth of weaned pigs (386 g/d and 380 g/d) when the compound feeds were equalised for lysine content. Pigs fed low protein levels had better utilisation of crude protein (<italic>p</italic>&lt;0.001) and poor utilisation of crude fat (<italic>p</italic>=0.045). Reduced protein levels have a statistically significant positive effect on haematological and biochemical blood parameters associated with health status in weaned pigs. The results can be used to practically solve some health problems when weaning pigs.
</abstract>

The effects of a low protein intake on the growth and blood parameters of weaning pigs

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of pomegranate juice consumption on bone histomorphometric parameters using an animal model. The animals (rats) were divided into 7 experimental groups. The groups differed in the concentration of pomegranate juice administered. The control group received only water, the other groups were supplied with commercial or freshly squeezed pomegranate juice at concentrations of 10%, 25% and 50%. To study the structure of the proximal end of the tibia, a Skyscan 1174 X-ray microtomography device, equipped with a 1.3Mp FW VDS camera, was used. The proximal end (metaphysis) of the left tibia was examined. The following bone tissue parameters were analysed: bone mineral density (BMD) (mm3), the number of trabeculae (Tb.N) (mm-1), trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) (mm) and trabecular thickness (Tb. Th) (mm), BS/BV(mm-1). It was found that 25% pomegranate juice, both freshly squeezed and commercial, significantly increased bone density (BMD), increased trabecular thickness (Tb.TH), and reduced the distance between trabeculae (Tb.SP) compared to the control group and groups receiving juice at other concentrations. The highest BMD, the thickest trabeculae and the smallest distance between trabeculae were observed after the application of fresh 25% pomegranate juice. Thus, it can be concluded that pomegranate juice, especially freshly squeezed, improves bone density.
</abstract>

The effect of pomegranate juice consumption on bone histomorphometric parameters with the use of an animal model

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
A growing body of literature has shown that type 1 diabetes (T1D) and high-fat diet (HFD) affect female reproductive function and may be involved in a chronic inflammatory state. Our previous studies indicated that T1D as well as HFD may evoke perturbations in the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) signaling pathway. The aim of the study was to determine the amount of RAGE protein and its proinflammatory ligands in uterine tissues harvested from T1D and HFD/pre-diabetic mice (n = 5 per group). We sought the impact of T1D and HFD on the activity of the RAGE signaling pathway in uterine tissues during the estrous cycle. The abundance of RAGE and its ligands were estimated using immunohistochemical staining. However, we also performed nerve conduction velocity studies to confirm diabetic neuropathy. The highest amount of RAGE and its ligands were observed in uterine tissues of T1D mice. Moreover, myometrial activity of the RAGE signaling pathway was increased in HFD in comparison to the control group (P≤0.05). We observed a strong relationship between RAGE, Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) proteins in mice myometrium. These data suggest that T1D and HFD could modulate the activity of RAGE and thus RAGE signaling pathway in uterine tissues during estrous cycle. Long-term diabetes and HFD may induce malfunctions in the uterine milieu. In the future RAGE protein may serve as a molecular marker in the diagnosis of malfunctions in pre- and diabetic uterus milieu.
</abstract>

A mouse model of uterine exposure to long-term hyperglycemia and a high-fat diet<xref ref-type="fn" rid="j_aspr-2023-0031_fn_001">*</xref>

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Food allergies are a severe issue in developed countries. Allergenic proteins may be present in ready food products due to their natural occurrence in raw materials or cross-contamination during production. Although raw meat was previously thought to be free of potentially allergenic compounds, recent studies have proved the presence of specific allergenic proteins in meat from slaughter animals and poultry. This study aimed to assess the impact of five distinct feed mixtures on the presence of allergenic proteins in broiler chicken meat, as well as on the quality and technological parameters of poultry meat. The animals were divided into five groups, with four being fed specially formulated compound feeds. The control group consisted of chickens fed commercial feed. ELISA tests were used to measure and analyse the content of food allergens in feed and chicken meat. Additionally, a baseline meat composition analysis was performed using near-infrared NIR spectroscopy. The study demonstrates that the composition of feed impacts the presence of allergenic proteins in broiler chicken meat. The results of the tests revealed the presence of allergenic proteins in the breast muscle that were not identified in the feed, specifically egg and milk proteins.
</abstract>

Analysis of the food allergen profile in meat from chickens fed five mixed feeds

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Canine mammary tumors (CMTs) represent a prevalent malignancy in female dogs. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as critical regulators of gene expression and are implicated in various cancer types, including CMTs. This study aimed to investigate the altered miRNA expression patterns in CMTs and their potential role in tumorigenesis. We analyzed miRNA profiles in a cohort of CMT samples and matched normal tissues using a custom canine panel microarray slide (Agilent technology). The bioinformatics analysis overlapped the altered miRNA signature in CMT with human breast cancer miRNA (TCGA patient cohort). The biological significance of this altered miRNA signature was evaluated using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Our results revealed a distinctive miRNA expression signature associated with CMTs compared to normal mammary tissues, and when overlapped with human breast cancer miRNA data (TCGA cohort), we identified a common signature composed of one overexpressed transcript and eight downregulated transcripts. In conclusion, our study provides comprehensive insights into the altered miRNA expression patterns in CMTs, shedding light on their potential contribution to the pathogenesis of these tumors. Further investigation into the specific roles of these dysregulated miRNAs is warranted to elucidate their precise involvement in CMT progression and to explore their therapeutic implications.
</abstract>

Altered miRNA pattern in canine mammary tumors - pilot study

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Consumers’ interest in animal welfare-friendly systems with outdoor access is growing and therefore the necessity has arisen for genotypes suitable for free-range systems. This study aimed to investigate the suitability of two slow-growing broiler genotypes by comparing growth performance, pasture usage, carcass yield and breast meat traits. Two slow growing genotypes Hubbard ISA Red JA-57 (n= 240) and Sasso XL44 × SA51A (n= 240), were raised in free-range system for 63 days, and their suitability was assessed. Body weight, feed consumption and feed conversion rate were weekly determined. To assess the pasture usage (interior, buffer and outer zones), the observations were performed twice a day. The total of 60 birds (n: 30 broilers/genotype) were randomly sampled for slaughter process at 63rd day of age, and subsequently breast muscle samples were processed for the physical quality and chemical composition parameters of the meat.
At 63 days of age, the final body weight was found to be 2918.0 g and 3253.6 g in Hubbard and Sasso birds respectively (P&lt;0.001). Also, a higher body weight gain was observed for Sasso birds than Hubbard birds as well (3210.2 vs. 2874.8 g, P&lt;0.001). The broilers preferred to pasture at the interior zone rather than buffer and outer zones (P&lt;0.001), and usually in the morning (27.54%) than in the evening (20.93%, P=0.010). The average slaughter weight, carcass weight and carcass yield were higher in Sasso genotype (3296.7, 2540.4 g, 77.1%, respectively] at 63 days of age compared to Hubbard genotype (2878.3, 2192.3g and 76.2%, respectively, P&lt;0.001). The weight and relative weight of breast were also higher in Sasso (746.2 g and 29.4% respectively) than the Hubbard genotype (617.6 g and 28.2% respectively, P&gt;0.001). These findings could help free-range broiler producers to choose a more suitable genotype according to the final body weight, feed efficiency, pasture usage, carcass yield, and breast meat characteristics.
</abstract>

Comparison of growth performance, pasture usage, carcass yield and breast meat characteristics of two different slow-growing broiler genotypes kept in the free-range

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The free-range system improves chicken’s welfare and enriches their diet. There is little information about influence of chickens on the sward quality. The aim of the study was to identify differences in the chemical and botanical composition of the pasture sward used by chickens and to assess if frequency of chicken exits outdoors is associated with the botanical composition of the ranging areas. One hundred twenty non-beak trimmed mixed sex birds of Green-legged Partridge (GP) and Sasso line C44 (S) were used. Each pen had direct access to an individual outdoor range providing 10.5 m2 per chicken, video-recorded continuously. Vegetation coverage regarding botanical composition was determined based on botanical-weight analysis from three control plots, while range use was calculated from the video material. The data were analysed by ANOVA model in SAS software (v 9.4). Regarding chemical composition, fiber content was higher in dry matter from the control pastures. Significantly more <italic>Dactylis glomerata (</italic>L.) and <italic>Alopecurus pratensis</italic> (<italic>L.</italic>) were observed on ranges used by Sasso. The higher share (%) of weeds and grasses was at the ranges used by chickens (weeds: S:8.66 (1.42) and GP:7.61 (0.59) and grasses: S:10.36 (0.96) and GP:12.10 (0.65)) as compared to control plots (1.45 (1.34)) and 3.86 (2.97), respectively) in contrast to legumes ((S:0.01 (0.01) and GP:0.32(0.26)) and sedges (S:0.64 (0.48) and GP: 0.09 (0.06)) most present in the control plots (10.88 (1.55)). Positive association between range use frequency and proportion of <italic>Heracleum sphondylium</italic> (L.), <italic>Rumex acetosa</italic> (L.), <italic>Festuca rubra</italic> (L.), and <italic>Lolium perenne</italic> (L.) was observed for Sasso, while foe Green-legged Partridges with proportion of <italic>Armoracia rusticana</italic> (L.), <italic>Stellaria media</italic> (L.), <italic>Ranunculus repens</italic> (L.), <italic>Cirsium arvense</italic> (L.) and <italic>Rumex crispus</italic> (L.). Concluding, the sward quality of the ranging areas was affected by the presence of the chickens and it differed between genotypes. Unknown remain if birds used the pasture more frequently depending on its botanical composition or if the pasture composition depended on the frequency of its uses by the birds.
</abstract>

Free range characteristics and use by chickens from two genetic lines

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined as a clinical syndrome characterized by excessive fat accumulation in liver, predominantly influenced by dietary choices. This study provides an extensive quantitative literature analysis on dietary influences on NAFLD. Bibliometric data were collected through the search string TOPIC = (“NAFLD*” OR “nonalcoholic fatty liver*” OR “non-alcoholic fatty liver*”) AND TOPIC = (“diet*” OR “nutrition*” OR “food*” OR “feed*”), which yielded 12,445 publications indexed within the Web of Science Core Collection. Utilizing VOSviewer software, term maps were generated to visually illustrate recurring phrases alongside citation data. The literature, which has seen exponential growth since the 2010s, predominantly consists of original articles, with a ratio of 4.7:1 compared to reviews. Notably, the significant contributors to this field were China and the United States. The majority of publications were found journals specialized in Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology, Nutrition &amp; Dietetics, Biochemistry &amp; Molecular Biology, Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism, and Pharmacology &amp; Pharmacy. Key dietary compounds/compounds classes such as resveratrol, polyphenols, curcumin, berberine, quercetin, flavonoids, omega-3 fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), genistein, and palmitic acid were frequently mentioned and cited. Many of them were demonstrated to have some potential benefits on NAFLD, both in human and animal studies.
</abstract>

Dietary factors in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: impacts on human and animal health - a review

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The poultry industry has traditionally been selecting animals for improved performance without consideration for the effect on fat deposition. Dietary L-carnitine can alter lipid metabolism; nevertheless, when combined with fat, the effects are not clear. This study shows the effect of different dietary levels of L-carnitine (0, 200 and 400 mg/kg) and fat (0, 2.5 and 5%) on growth performance and slaughter traits of commercial broilers (Ross 308; n=270). The groups received the following dietary treatments: 1) 0 mg/kg L-carnitine + 0% fat, 2) 200 mg/kg L-carnitine + 0% fat, 3) 400 mg/kg L-carnitine + 0% fat, 4) 0 mg/kg L-carnitine + 2.5% fat, 5) 200 mg/kg L-carnitine + 2.5% fat, 6) 400 mg/kg L-carnitine + 2.5% fat, 7) 0 mg/kg L-carnitine + 5.0% fat, 8) 200 mg/kg L-carnitine + 5.0% fat, and 9) 400 mg/kg L-carnitine + 5.0% fat. Feed conversion ratio, growth performance, blood biochemical parameters, carcass traits and body composition were measured and analyzed. Levels of fat with L-carnitine had significant effects on the European Performance Efficiency Factor, wings weight, intestine length and weight, spleen and liver weight, full abdomen carcass and abdominal fat weight, as well as serum triglyceride levels. Dietary L-carnitine supplementation improved growth performance of broilers, thus it may be a promising solution to reduce fat storage in broilers and improve the quality of carcasses intended for human consumption.
</abstract>

The effect of dietary L-carnitine and fat on performance, carcass traits and blood components in broiler chickens

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Currently, coccidiostats are the primary and standard method of combating coccidiosis in poultry farms. However, consumer organizations still point to the need to phase out all chemotherapeutic substances from animal nutrition to protect human health. The research material consisted of 720 cocks of the Cobb 500 hybrid, which were divided into three groups (C – coccidiostat/control, V – vaccine, and H – herbals). The following parameters were analyzed: body weight (BW), feed conversion ratio (FCR), mortality, foot pad dermatitis (FPD), European Production Efficiency Factor (EPEF), and the number of oocysts per 1g of feces (OPG). On day 42, the BW of the C group was higher compared with the V and H groups. The C group was also characterized by the best FCR and the highest EPEF. In the V group, oocysts were noted in feces from the 14th day of rearing, and the highest oocysts content was observed on the 21st day of life. In the C and H groups, the highest number of oocysts was recorded in the feces on the 28th day. The investigated alternative methods to coccidiostats showed good antiparasitic potential. Therefore, combining a couple of anticoccidiosis methods in preventive programs may be the best solution in broiler chickens production.
</abstract>

Evaluation of the effectiveness of alternative methods for controlling coccidiosis in broiler chickens: a field trial

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
In a healthy physiological state, the mucous membrane of the oral cavity creates a suitable environment for the colonization of <italic>Candida</italic> spp. yeasts. The aim of the study was to analyze the nanomechanical properties of <italic>C. albicans</italic> cells derived from the oral cavity of healthy people in a biofilm produced in laboratory conditions. <italic>Candida</italic> spp. were sampled from the oral cavity of healthy individuals. The process of biofilm formation was analyzed using classic microscopic observation enriched with SEM (scanning electron microscope) and the nanomechanical properties of the cells were assessed with the use of the atomic force microscopy technique (AFM). From all isolated strains in the samples collected of the oral cavity healthy people was detected 79% <italic>C. albicans.</italic> Other isolated species belonged to the group „non-albicans”. The observations of <italic>C. albicans</italic> carried out in 24-h cultures revealed a tendency of the cells to form a biofilm structure with multilayer cell systems. The diameter of <italic>C. albicans</italic> cells in this structure was 5.75 µm, and the length of the pseudohyphae was 17.08 µm. The presence of an extracellular substance surrounding the <italic>C. albicans</italic> cells was detected. The mean value of the adhesion force determined for <italic>C. albicans</italic> cells was 4.01 nN. Areas with increased hardness (Force Modulation Mode signal; FMM signal) were found mainly in the zones of cells in contact with the glass substrate. The analysis of <italic>Candida</italic> cells in liquid samples gives satisfactory results, as it prevents unfavorable changes in the cell surface and thus provides more reliable results. The quality of the biofilm is probably related to the nanomechanical properties of <italic>C. albicans</italic> cells and may consequently contribute to the stability of the biofilm structures and their susceptibility or resistance to antifungal drugs.
The presence of <italic>Candida</italic> spp. especially in companion animals (dogs, cats) poses a risk of their transmission to the human organism. For this reason, it is advisable to undertake additional research to analyze the ability of zoonotic-origin <italic>Candida</italic> spp. to form biofilms with comparison of the biofilm-formation capacity of species isolated from humans.
</abstract>

Assessment of nanomechanical properties of <italic>Candida albicans</italic> as an element of the oral mycobiota in healthy subjects – a preliminary study

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