<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">In personal income taxation, Finland had used the dualistic income tax model, known as the Nordic model, since 1993. The basic idea is that taxation of earned income is progressive, whereas taxation of capital income is proportional. Here, the model is reviewed from different perspectives: What kind of tax policy background does it have and how is the distinction between types of income argued for on theoretical grounds? How has the borderline of earned and capital income been drawn in tax legislation, and how is it drawn in the court cases, in particular in those related to tax avoidance? The dualistic model has often been criticized using equity arguments, but there are still strong arguments for the model. In any case, the model has not always worked too well in practice. The distinction has required special tax legislation as well as given rise to many court cases.</abstract>

The Nordic model: 25 years of drawing the line between earned and capital income in Finland

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">This contribution analyzes the origin and creation of Denmark’s tax treaty network in a historical perspective. The development of the Danish treaty network is studied through an international perspective and by discussing a number of milestone events. It is concluded that the general tendency has pointed toward a continuously growing Danish treaty network and also that the question on abuse of the treaties has become of greater concern during the past decades. Moreover, it is argued that the growing number and importance of Denmark’s tax treaties over time created a need for the Danish parliament to be more directly involved in the conclusion of new tax treaties.</abstract>

The Emergence of Denmark’s Tax Treaty Network — A Historical View

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax Treaty Related Measures to Prevent Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (MLI), which was signed in June 2017, raises a multitude of questions relating not only to the text of the treaty provisions but also to the way the MLI will interact with tax treaties, for instance, and what it will mean for the future development of tax treaty law and international cooperation in tax matters. This article focuses on two aspects of the MLI. First, it deals with the substance of the MLI by providing an overview of its background and content, including the many options available to the contracting states under the MLI. Second, some thoughts are presented on the effects of the MLI in terms of complexity and uncertainty.</abstract>

The Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax Treaty Related Measures to Prevent BEPS—Some Thoughts on Complexity and Uncertainty

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Cross-border employees and self-employed workers are confronted with the regulations of at least two states when it comes to taxation and social security. Without delving into the specifics of national regulations, this article examines the applicable rules concerning the levy of taxes and social security contributions in the context of cross-border employment. Regulations aimed at avoiding double taxation are different from those aimed at avoiding the double payment of social security contributions. Because social security in the Member States can be financed in different ways, the levying of so-called economic double taxation is possible. This is true in particular where states use a large part of the tax revenues to finance their social security system. Cross-border workers that are required to pay taxes in these states and also pay social security contributions in another state can feel that they are paying double social security contributions. This contributes to a sense of injustice and is undesirable. The conclusion is that possible double economic contributions must be studied in a broader European context. First, the problem must be identified and then solutions formulated in order to prevent double levying.</abstract>

Tax or social security contribution, a world of difference?

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Until 2018, Belgium had a unique corporate income tax system due to its notional interest deduction, also known in public finance literature as the allowance for corporate equity. At the same time, it had one of the highest corporate tax rates in Europe at 34 percent. The latter came under severe pressure to reform and, as of 2018, the government has started to reduce the rate, gradually to reach 25 percent in 2020. The reduction is accompanied by other measures, including a limitation of the notional interest deduction. This paper argues that the lower CIT rate is likely to be conducive to economic growth. Yet, the effects on growth would have been more favorable if the notional interest deduction would have been strengthened, rather than diminished.</abstract>

Growth-Enhancing Corporate Tax Reform in Belgium

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Nordic Tax Journal

Call for Papers: Special Issue and Symposium of the Nordic Tax Journal: Taxing Dividends in the Nordics: Challenges and Opportunities Guest Editors: Jarkko Harju (Tampere University) and Yvette Lind (BI Norwegian Business School)  The winner of the 2023 Nordic Tax Council´s Article Prize can be found here.  Nordic Tax Journal is a peer reviewed, open access journal that publishes original, scholarly works on all aspects of taxation. It aims to promote contemporary research of tax-related issues, from both legal and economic perspectives, and to provide a platform for academics, researchers, practitioners, administrators, judges and policy makers to enhance their understanding and knowledge of taxation in the Nordic region. Although we appreciate a Nordic angle in manuscripts, it is not a requirement.  Nordic Tax Journal is published by the Nordic Tax Research Council, a resource for academics, tax officials, practitioners and policymakers pursuing high quality tax research throughout the Nordic region.  The articles in Nordic Tax Journal are published continuously throughout the year. It is abstracted and indexed in numerous relevant services (listed under the "Abstracting &amp; Indexing" tab), and ranked among the top law/economic journals in the Nordic region. The journal does not have article processing charges (APCs) or article submission charges.  Contributors are encouraged to submit their manuscripts to Nordic Tax Journal through its electronic submission system Editorial Manager.  The Nordic Tax Research Council's ARTICLE PRIZE €3.000The Nordic Tax Research Council's Article Prize is awarded yearly to the author of an article published in Nordic Tax Journal (NTaxJ).As from 2019 a prize of 3.000 EUR is awarded at the Council's annual spring seminar, by the Council Chair and the Editor-in-Chief of Nordic Tax Journal. The assessment criteria for the Article Prize are the same as for publication in Nordic Tax Journal: high quality research on taxation relevant to the Nordic countries. Authors can apply to enter the contest when submitting a manuscript to NTaxJ.  Nordic Tax Journal is ranked on the following Nordic academic lists:   Top rankDanish Ministry of Higher Education and Science (Page 185)   Scientific Level 1Norwegian Social Science Data Services   Level 1Publication Forum Federation of Finnish Learned Societies Visit our FacebookVisit our Twitter  Archiving  Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.  Plagiarism Policy  The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process.  Target group   academics, researchers, practitioners, administrators, judges and policy makers interested in the taxation systems in the Nordic region 