<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Subject and purpose of work: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the utilisation of resources necessary for agricultural production as well as their protection in farms conducting ecological production. The deliberations undertaken in this paper focus on certified farms due to their specificity and character of their production, which is compatible with the principles of sustainable development. Materials and methods: The article uses the results of research from twenty ecological farms in the Chełm- Zamość subregion of Lublin Voivodeship. The deciding factor in selecting this region was the prominent role of agricultural production in this region when compared to the other ones in the voivodeship. Results: The research results have shown that there is a lack of correlation between actions taken by producers and caring for the natural environment. Farmers displayed little awareness with regard to the use of environmental resources and assets in agricultural production. Conclusions: Running a farm aimed at ecological production is connected with the implementation of solutions that have not found application in traditional agricultural production, with obtaining a certificate and the need for training and further study. This does not, however, translate into the introduction of pro-ecological solutions in agricultural production or the farm itself. A significant share of the investigated producers did not report the need for introducing such solutions. It indicates the need for continuous broadening of knowledge and creating ecological.</abstract>

Exploitation and Protection of Resources in Ecological Farms of a Subregion of Lublin Voivodeship

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Subject and purpose of work: The aim of the study was to present the development of the tourist function in the areas of Lower Silesian landscape parks. The subject of the study were the communes associated with Lower Silesian landscape parks. Materials and methods: The study covered 59 communes of the Lower Silesia Voiovodeship where 12 landscape parks are located. In this research six indicators of the level of tourism development were listed - three in the field of conditions of tourism development and three in the field of tourist traffic. Results: A significant dependency between the surface area of a landscape park and the state of tourismoriented land development was established. It turned out that among the 59 surveyed communes in 14 of them there are no tourist accommodation facilities. Conclusions: Based on the conducted surveys, it was found that the highest level of tourist function development occurs in the communes associated with the following landscape parks: Śnieżnik, the Sudety Wałbrzyskie, the Owl Mountains, Książ and Bóbr Valley Landscape Park.</abstract>

Development of the Tourist Function Within Areas of Lower Silesian Landscape Parks

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Subject and purpose of work: This article analyses a survey of visitors in Kampinos National Park (henceforth also called Kampinos NP) in order to, among others, explore opinions on the most widely cultivated forms of tourist and recreational activity, as well as to learn about the expectations of visitors with regard to the management of the protected area in connection with the preparation of Park to ensure its accessibility for tourist and recreational purposes. Materials and methods: The study was carried out by the means of the diagnostic survey method, using a questionnaire as an instrument of research. The study group consisted of people visiting Kampinos NP. Results: For visitors, the Park terrain is an ideal place to practice mainly hiking or walking tours and recreational cycling. The park plays a significant role in primarily weekend tourism and recreation, providing a venue for recreational stays and several-hour walks taken by Warsaw agglomeration residents. Conclusions: The research showed that Kampinos NP is one of the best Polish national parks with regard to adaptations for tourism and recreation, as evidenced by one of the densest networks of hiking trails in the country and a wide offer range in terms of natural history and education. In the light of the conducted surveys it can be concluded that the areas of Kampinos NP are well suited for a variety of active tourism and recreation, and the main expectations of visitors focus on appropriate care for the natural environment and small business development.</abstract>

Tourism in Kampinos National Park in the Opinion of Visitors

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Subject and purpose of work: The purpose of this study was to analyse and evaluate the operation of argritourism farms in Podlaskie Voivodeship (voivodeship is an equivalent of province in Polish administration), conducted with regard to their structure and market functioning, and the possibility of using the advisory and financial support existing in the region. Materials and methods: The research had a survey form and was conducted in the second half of 2014 on a sample of 120 agritourism farms, which constitutes more than 13% of all entities in Podlaskie Voivodeship. Results: Most of the agritourism farms in the Podlaskie Voivodeship are ones that do not exceed the area of 5 hectares. They are focused on hosting individual guests and families with little children. The majority of farm owners do not have adequate experience in providing agritourism services. The activity of agritourism farms is based primarily on the proprietary capital. Conclusions: Better education and more complete information about the possibilities and ways of obtaining financial support seem to be the key to a more dynamic and efficient development of agritourism in the rural areas of Podlaskie Voivodeship.</abstract>

The Activity of Agritourism Farms in Podlaskie Voivodeship in the Opinions of Their Owners

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Subject and purpose of work: The aim of the paper was to study traditional measures of efficiency of websites of agrotouristic farms from Poland and Slovakia. Materials and methods: It was assumed that basic measures of efficiency of a website of an agrotouristic farm are: a number of displays, mean time spent by a user in a website and also a mean number of pages which were browsed. 200 websites were analysed and their addresses were gained from online catalogues. The amounts of established measures were gained by means of SimilarWeb application. Results: In case of websites of agrotouristic farms from Poland, statistical data were available for 54 websites whereas for Slovak websites - there were 52 of them. There was by about 15.5% less number of views on the websites of Polish farms in contrast to Slovak ones, however there were Polish websites where users spent more time. In holiday months, tested websites had the highest viewer rating. Conclusions: Performed surveys brought a series of methodical questions. Gained statistics of websites’ usage do not tell much about differences in the Internet using rate in promotion of agrotouristic farms in Poland and Slovakia.</abstract>

Measuring Efficiency of Websites of Agrotouristic Farms from Poland and Slovakia

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Subject and purpose of work: The aim of this paper is to present the origin and assumptions of the concept of “book towns”, along with the conditions of its development and different ways of using this concept in shaping tourist attractiveness. Materials and methods: This paper was prepared on the basis of domestic and foreign literature overview, as well as with the case study method. The examples presented in this article encompass four “book towns” from different continents (Hay-On-Wye in Wales, Torup in Denmark, Clunes in Australia and Paju in South Korea). Results: Each of the analysed towns has a unique identity and its own idea of development. A book served as a tool for building social capital, entrepreneurship development (particularly in Torup) and forming new tourist destinations. Conclusions: The concept of “book town”, which was created in the 60s of the twentieth century, still arouses the interest of local communities and various groups of visitors, including, among others, tourists, booksellers and bibliophiles. Its uniqueness lies in the fact that a “book town” offers not only economic benefits but is primarily a tool for comprehensive interpretation and protection of local culture.</abstract>

The Concept of “Book Town” as an Innovative Way of Using Local Resources for Tourism Purposes

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Subject and purpose of work: The subject of this work is to present contemporary trends and changes in retail trade as well as functions performed by this sector, with particular focus on large-format retail facilities. The aim of this article is to assess the state and development factors of large-format retailers in Biała Podlaska. Materials and methods: The article was created with the application of the descriptive method and based on the literature dealing with this issue and personal research. The research material was composed of the authors’ observations and a questionnaire survey conducted on the group of 100 inhabitants of Biała Podlaska. Results: The areas of retail services supplied by the retail network, distribution and mutual interaction between the main retail facilities and the development prospects of the retail network in the city were presented. Conclusions: The research confirms general changes in trade manifested by the expansion of super and hypermarkets, as well as discount stores, also in smaller cities, where chains adjust retail space to local conditions.</abstract>

The Structure of Retail Trade and Interactions Among Retail Network Establishments (On The Example of Biała Podlaska)

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Subject and purpose of work: The purpose of the study is to present the perspectives of geotourism development in the porphyry quarry Gorce I, which is situated in the Wałbrzyskie mountains. Currently the exploitation of this quarry is suspended. Materials and methods: This work was written after studying the literature on this subject and conducting field research, during which terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) was used, among others. The material gathered during field research was used, among other things, to create a 3D model of the Gorce I quarry. Results: The research and analyses conducted in the porphyry quarry Gorce I allowed for designating a geotourist trail where information boards were placed. Conclusions: The research conducted in the Gorce I quarry confirms the possibility of utilizing this excavation pit for geotourism purposes.</abstract>

Perspectives of Geotourism Development in the Gorce I Quarry

Report from the Nationwide Polish Scientific Conference “Borderlands in the Perspective of the Present-Day Challenges”, Roskosz, 19-20 April 2017

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Economic and Regional Studies / Studia Ekonomiczne i Regionalne

Print ISSN: 2083-3725, Online ISSN: 2451-182X Dear Authors and Readers,  Welcome to the website of the international, open access, bilingual scientific journal "Economic and Regional Studies / Studia Ekonomiczne i Regionalne", published by John Paul II University of Applied Sciences in Biala Podlaska (Poland).  Editor-in-ChiefMieczysław Adamowicz  Accessible also on platform: www.ers.edu.pl/en and in print.  FROM THE EDITOR / OD REDAKCJI  Dear Authors and Readers  "Economic and Regional Studies / Studia Ekonomiczne i Regionalne" is an international open access journal published in two languages: English and Polish since 2011. First two years it was published bi-annually, since 2013 as the quarterly. The journal is available in electronic and printed versions. We consider electronic English language version as a basic one, while the Polish language version provided greater access to the magazines content for national reader in Poland. Since the beginning the journal is available on the web platform www.ers.edu.pl/en of the publisher: John Paul II University of Applied Sciences in Biala Podlaska (Poland, Europe). Paper submission and peer review process are implemented through editorial system: www.editorialsystem.com/editor/ersen.  We accept original papers which have not been published elsewhere and have a clear scientific, cognitive and scholary value. Paper submited for publication undergo preliminary editorial review and are subject to blind review by two or more external experts. The periodical is available in English and Polish online and in print version.  The magazine has an open character and implements international publishing ethical and standards. The electronic version allows free access to all current and archived issues and articles. Actually, publishing articles in the journal is free from any payments.  Index Copernicus Journal Master List, ICV 2012: 5.62; ICV 2013: 6.48; ICV 2014: 70.81 (6.96); ICV 2015: 81,26; ICV 2016: 92.91; ICV 2017: 100,00; ICV 2018: 100,00  Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education, 2011-2012: 2 points; 2013-2014: 4 points; 2015-2018: 9 points  Focus and Scope  "Economic and Regional Studies / Studia Ekonomiczne i Regionalne" is an international journal of multi and interdisciplinary research and policy analysis in broad regions at the world. The main mission of the magazine is to broaden theoretical knowledge, contribute to the policy debates and disseminate results of empirical research across a wide range of economic and social sciences, mainly as following:    Business, Economics and Finance,  Socio-economic Geography and Spatial Management,  Community, Rural/ Urban and Regional Development.   Journal provides information on general and sectoral economic problems, practices and policies, on contemporary and historical development in these disciplines from local, regional, national, European and global perspectives.  Journal is open for publishing original research results as well as for overview and review articles, reports an surveys, policy debates, announcements of research and conference results, case studies and other scientific publications.  Texts in Polish which are correctly translated into English are published free of charge. In case of sending a text in only one language version,either in Polish or in English,the authors will bear the costs of translating the article into the other missing language. The authors may be also asked to cover the costs of verification of the submitted texts in English. The translations are conducted by a Translation Office which currently cooperates with the Editors and the current cost per 1 translation page (that is, 1800 characters including spaces) amounts to 30 PLN gross.  An article is passed on for translation after obtaining a positive review of the submitted language version, after corrections if necessary and upon its approval for print by the Editor in Chief.  Digitalization of Economic and Regional Studies/ Studia Ekonomiczne i Regionalne – task financed from the resources of the Polish Minister of Science and Education for disseminating science under Agreement No. 819/P-DUN/2018  Archiving  Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.  Plagiarism Policy  The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process. 