Factors | Numbers (percentage) or median (range) |
---|---|
Male sex | 216 (41.5%) |
Age, years | 51 (0.4-97) |
Trauma | 93 (17.9) |
Final status | |
Discharge | 441 (84.8) |
Admitted | 50 (9.6) |
Operative room | 11 (2.1) |
Referred | 14 (2.7) |
Refused treatment | 3 (0.58) |
Death | 1 (0.19) |
Resource needs | |
None | 97 (18.7) |
1 | 116 (22.3) |
≥2 | 307 (59.0) |
Life-saving intervention | 32 (6.2) |
Nursing triage (4 level) | |
1 | 8 (1.5) |
2 | 180 (34.6) |
3 | 332 (63.9) |
4 | 0 |
ESI triage (5 level) | |
1 | 14 (2.7) |
2 | 92 (17.7) |
3 | 225 (43.3) |
4 | 116 (22.3) |
5 | 73 (14.0) |
Length of stay in ED, hours | 2.54 (0.25-169) |
Death | 2 (0.38) |
Factors | Category | ||
---|---|---|---|
1 Critical (n = 8) | 2 Emergency (n = 180) | 3 Urgent (n = 332) | |
Median ED length of stay (range), hours | 9.50 (0.75-153) | 3.94 (0.5-169) | 2 (0.25-124) |
Resource needs | |||
None | 0 | 13 (7.2%) | 84 (25.3%) |
1 | 0 | 27 (15.0%) | 89 (26.8%) |
≥2 | 8 (100%) | 140 (77.8%) | 159 (47.9%) |
Final status | |||
Discharged | 2 (25%) | 143 (79.4%) | 315 (94.9%) |
Admitted to wards | 5 (63%) | 23 (12.8%) | 14 (4.2%) |
Admitted to ICU | 1 (13%) | 14 (7.8%) | 3 (0.9%) |
Life-saving intervention | |||
Users (n= 32) | 5 (63%) | 24 (13%) | 3 (0.9%) |
Death | 0 | 1 (0.6%) | 1 (0.3%) |
Factors | Classifications | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 (n = 14) | 2 (n = 64) | 3 (n = 205) | 4 (n = 114) | 5 (n = 73) | |
Median ED length of stay (range), hours | 4.83 | 8.67 | 3.41 | 1.62 | 0.86 |
(0.75-153.5) | (0.5-169) | (0.5-124) | (0.41-34.17) | (0.25–4) | |
Resource needs | |||||
None | 0 | 2 (2%) | 14 (6%) | 17 (15%) | 64 (88%) |
1 | 0 | 5 (5%) | 32 (14%) | 71 (61%) | 8 (11%) |
≥2 | 14 (100) | 85 (92%) | 179 (80%) | 28 (24%) | 1 (1%) |
Final status | |||||
Discharged | 4 (29%) | 64 (69%) | 205 (91%) | 114 (99%) | 73 (100%) |
Admitted to wards | 3 (21%) | 20 (22%) | 17 (8%) | 2 (2%) | 0 |
Admitted to ICU | 7 (50%) | 8 (9%) | 3 (1%) | 0 | 0 |
Life-saving intervention | |||||
Users (n= 32) | 13 (93%) | 17 (19%) | 2 (1%) | 0 | 0 |
Death | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Life-saving | Not life-saving | |
---|---|---|
Airway /breathing | ΒVM ventilation | Oxygen administration |
Intubation | Nasal cannula | |
Surgical airway | Non-rebreather | |
Emergency continuous positive airway pressure | ||
Emergency bilevel positive airway pressure | ||
Electrical therapy | Defibrillation | Cardiac monitor |
Emergency cardioversion | ||
External pacing | ||
Procedures | Chest needle decompression | Diagnostic Test |
Pericardiocentesis | - Electrocardiography | |
Open thoracotomy | - Laboratory test values | |
Intraosseous access | - Ultrasound | |
- Focused abdominal scan for trauma | ||
Hemodynamics | Significant intravenous fluid resuscitation | Intravenous access |
Blood administration | ||
Control of major bleeding | Saline lock for medications | |
Medications | Naloxone | Acetylsalicylic acid |
Intravenous 50% dextrose | Intravenous nitroglycerine | |
Dopamine | Antibiotics | |
Atropine | Heparin | |
Adenocard | Pain medications | |
Respiratory treatments with beta agonists |
LSIuse | 4 level triage | ESI triage | Total | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Level 3 | Level 2 | Level 1 | |||
Yes | Level 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
Level 2 | 0 | 16 | 8 | 24 | |
Level 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 5 | |
Total | 2 | 17 | 13 | 32 | |
Reclassification improvementLSI = (9-1) /32 = 0.250 | |||||
No | Level 3 | 314 | 15 | 0 | 329 |
Level 2 | 98 | 58 | 0 | 156 | |
Level 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 | |
Total | 412 | 75 | 1 | 488 | |
Reclassification improvementnon-LSI = (100-15) /488 = 0.174 |
Resource needs | No resource need |
---|---|
Laboratory test values (blood, urine) | History, physical |
Electrocardiography, X-ray imaging, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound angiography | Point-of-care testing |
Intravenous fluids (hydration) | Saline or heparin lock |
Intravenous fluids, intramuscular, or nebulized medications | Per oral medications |
Tetanus immunization | |
Prescription refills | |
Specialty consultation | Phone call to primary care physician |
Simple procedure = 1 (Laceration repair, Foley catheter) | Simple wound care (dressings, recheck) |
Complex procedure = 2 (conscious sedation) | Crutches, splints, slings |