Characteristics | Frequency, n (%) |
---|---|
Male | 240 (92.7) |
Female | 19 (7.3) |
Chinese | 124 (47.9) |
Malay | 86 (33.2) |
Indian | 47 (18.1) |
Others | 2 (0.8) |
Family | 230 (88.8) |
Living alone | 23 (8.9) |
Nursing home | 6 (2.3) |
Married | 222 (85.7) |
Single | 28 (10.8) |
Divorced | 8 (3.1) |
Widowed | 1 (0.4) |
Active smoker | 123 (47.5) |
Former smoker | 136 (52.5) |
Smoking history (pack/years) [Median (interquartile range)] | 20 (10–35) |
Alcoholic | 29 (11.2) |
Previous COPD hospitalization | 40 (15.4) |
Previous non-COPD hospitalization | 58 (22.4) |
Long-term oxygen therapy at home | 9 (3.5) |
Oral corticosteroid before admission | 10 (3.9) |
Prognostic factors | Univariate | Multivariate | |
---|---|---|---|
HR (95% CI) | |||
Age ≥60 years | 0.02 | 1.78 (1.12-2.85) | 0.02 |
LTOT at discharge | 0.001 | 3.63 (1.98-6.95) | <0.001 |
History of ≥2 COPD admission in the previous year | 0.009 | 2.92 (1.47-5.80) | 0.002 |
Ventilation during Index admission | 0.001 | 0.19 (0.007-0.47) | <0.001 |
Prognostic factors | Univariate | Multivariate | |
---|---|---|---|
HR (95% CI) | |||
Age ≥60 years | <0.001 | 3.63 (1.98 -6.95) | 0.006 |
LTOT at discharge | <0.001 | 2.78 (1.54 -5.02) | 0.001 |
Charlson comorbidity score ≥4 | 0.02 | 0.72 (0.36 -1.35) | 0.31 |
Antiplatelets at discharge | 0.02 | 1.26 (0.81 -1.97) | 0.30 |
Diuretics at discharge | 0.02 | 1.36 (0.80 -2.32) | 0.26 |