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Determinants of adverse birth outcome in the West Shewa Zone, Oromia, Regional State, Ethiopia: Unmatched case-control study

Daniel Belema Fekene
Daniel Belema Fekene
, 
Gizachew Abdissa Bulto
Gizachew Abdissa Bulto
, 
Benyam Seifu Woldeyes
Benyam Seifu Woldeyes
, 
Gurmesa Daba Dina
Gurmesa Daba Dina
 e 
Kassa Mamo Negash
Kassa Mamo Negash
   | 11 ott 2021
Journal of Mother and Child's Cover Image
INFORMAZIONI SU QUESTO ARTICOLO
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Article Category: Original Research
Pubblicato online: 11 ott 2021
Pagine: 9 - 18
Ricevuto: 20 gen 2021
Accettato: 17 giu 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.34763/jmotherandchild.20212501.d-21-00003
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© 2021 Daniel Belema Fekene et al. published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Neonatal assessments at birth in West Shewa zone, Ethiopia, 2020

Variables Categories Case Control Statistics (X2),p-value
Frequency Percentages % Frequency Percentages %
Sex Male 99 57.9 276 65.7 X2=3.23,p=0.07
Female 72 42.2 144 34.3
APGAR score in first minutes Normal 55 32.2 160 38.1 X2=1.88,p=0.39
Moderate asphyxia 73 42.7 161 38.3
Severe asphyxia 43 25.1 99 23.6
APGAR score in fifth minute Normal 97 56.7 253 60.2 X2=1.08,p=0.58
Moderate asphyxia 34 19.9 69 16.4
Severe asphyxia 40 23.4 98 23.3
Gestational age Preterm 38 6.4 83 14.0 X2=0.45,p=0.50
Term 133 22.5 337 57.0
Birth weight Low birth weight 61 35.7 23 3.9 X2=90.87,p=0.00
Normal birth weight 110 64.3 397 67.2
Birth injury Yes 2 1.2 11 2.6 X2=1.17,p=0.28
No 169 98.8 409 97.4
Cry immediately after birth Yes 115 67.3 306 72.9 X2=1.86,p=0.17
No 56 32.7 114 27.1
Skin-to-skin contact Yes 131 22.2 327 77.9 X2=0.10,p=0.74
No 30 6.8 93 22.1
Breastfeeding within one hour Yes 62 36.3 186 44.3 X2=3.25,p=0.07
No 109 63.7 234 55.7
Provided first initial newborn care No 70 40.9 265 63.1 X2=24.30,p=0.00
Yes 101 59.1 155 36.9

Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis of determinants of adverse birth outcome in West Shewa zone, Ethiopia, 2020

Variables Adverse birth outcome COR95%CI P-value
Yes No AOR95%CI
Residence
Urban 81(13.7%) 256(43.3%) 0.57 (0.403-0 .83) 0.65(0.43-0.98)* 0.040
Rural 90(15.2%) 164(27.7%) 1 1
Family support during childbearing
No 66(11.2%) 34(5.8%) 7.14 (4.47-11.38) 5.24(3.16-8.71)* 0.000
Yes 105 (17.8%) 386(65.3%) 1 1
Pregnancy type
Twins 61(10.3%) 48(8.1%) 4.29(2.78-6.63) 4.02 (2.47-6.52)* 0.000
Single 110 (18.6%) 372 (62.9%) 1 1
Birth interval
<2 years 107(18.1%) 198(33.5%) 1.87 (1.30-2.69) 1.43(1.23-4.48)* 0.0001
>2 years 64 (10.8%) 222(37.6%) 1 1
Number of antenatal care visits
<4 120(20.3%) 234(39.6%) 1.87(1.28-2.74) 1.80(1.17-2.78)* 0.008
>=4 51(8.6%) 186(31.5%) 1 1
Current obstetrics complication
Yes 43(7.3%) 39(6.6%) 3.28(2.04-5.3) 2.072(1.18-3.61)* 0.001
No 128(21.7%) 381(64.5%) 1 1

Past obstetric and gynaecologic characteristics of participants in public hospitals, West Shewa zone, Ethiopia, 2020

Variables Categories Case Control Statistics (X2), p-value
Frequency Percentages % Frequency Percentages%
Abortion history Yes 23 13.5 49 11.7 X2=0.04, p=0.84
No 86 50.3 194 46.2
Reason for abortion Spontaneous 20 11.7 44 10.5 X2=2.33, p=0.31
Medically induced 3 1.8 3 0.7
Medical and MVA* 0 - 3 0.7
Low birth weight Yes 29 17.0 22 5.2 X2=18.9, p=0.00
No 83 48.5 224 53.3
Stillbirth Yes 8 4.7 27 6.4 X2=1.28, p=0.26
No 104 60.8 219 52.1
Preterm Yes 31 18.1 23 5.5 X2=20.19, p=0.00
No 81 47.4 223 53.1
Ever used family planning method Yes 117 68.4 275 65.5 X2=0.47, p=0.49
No 54 31.6 145 34.5
Type of family planning method used Oral contraceptives 12 7.0 46 11.0 X2=5.23, p=0.26
Implant 37 21.6 74 17.6
Injection 60 35.1 136 32.4
IUD 6 3.5 18 4.3
Medical disorder Yes 21 12.3 25 6.0 X2=6.19, p=0.01
No 93 54.4 225 53.6
Diabetes mellitus No 141 82.5 410 97.6 X2=44.27, p=0.00
Yes 30 17.5 10 2.4
Hypertension No 130 76.0 334 79.5 X2=0.88, p=0.35
Yes 41 24.0 86 20.5
Anaemia No 136 79.5 364 86.7 X2=0.65, p=0.42
Yes 35 20.5 74 17.6

Current obstetric characteristics of mothers who gave birth in public hospitals in West Shewa zone, Ethiopia, 2020

Variables Categories Case Control Statistics (X2), p-value
Frequency Percentages % Frequency Percentages%
Gravidity <= 1 59 34.5 174 41.4 X2=2.95, p=0.23
2 - 3 65 38.0 133 31.7
>_4 47 27.5 113 26.9
Antenatal care (ANC) Yes 138 80.7 362 86.2 X2=2.81, p=0.09
No 33 19.3 58 13.8
Number of ANC visits <4 120 70.2 234 55.7 X2=2.81, p=0.00
>_4 51 29.8 186 44.3
Current obstetric complication Yes 23 13.5 36 8.6 X2=3.27, p=0.07
No 148 86.5 384 91.4
Vaginal bleeding No 165 96.5 403 96.0 X2=0.09, p=0.76
Yes 6 3.5 17 4.0
Obstructed labour No 166 97.1 411 97.9 X2=0.09, p=0.57
Yes 5 2.9 9 2.1
Anaemia No 168 98.2 410 97.6 X2=0.22, p=0.64
Yes 3 1.8 10 2.4
Foul smelling discharge No 168 98.8 415 98.8 X2=0.29, p=0.59
Yes 3 1.2 5 1.2
Birth interval < 2 years 107 62.6 198 47.1 X2=11.58, p=0.001
> 2 years 64 37.4 222 52.9
Pregnancy planned Yes 138 80.7 351 83.6 X2=0.71, p=0.43
No 33 19.3 69 16.4
Pregnancy supported by husband Yes 162 94.7 402 95.7 X2=0.27, p=0.61
No 9 5.3 18 4.3
Family support during pregnancy Yes 105 61.4 386 91.9 X2=80.42, p=0.00
No 66 38.6 34 8.1
Place of delivery Home 11 6.4 27 6.4 X2=6.64, p=0.08
Health Centre 47 27.5 84 20.0
Hospital 113 66.1 309 73.6
Mode of delivery SVD 131 76.6 303 72.1 X2=1.56, p=0.46
Assisted vaginal delivery 7 4.1 16 3.8
CS 33 19.3 101 24.0
Type of pregnancy Single 110 18.6 372 62.9 X2=47.48, p=0.00
Twin 61 10.3 48 8.1
Labour onset Spontaneous 144 84.2 364 86.7 X2=0.61, p=0.43
Induced 27 15.8 56 13.3
Rhesus factor (Rh) Positive 158 92.4 391 93.1 X2=0.09, p=0.77
Negative 13 7.6 29 6.9
Received tetanus injection Yes 98 57.3 253 60.2 X2=0.43, p=0.51
No 73 42.7 167 39.8

Sociodemographic characteristics of mothers who gave birth in public hospitals, West Shewa zone, Ethiopia, 2020

Variables Categories Case Control Statistics (X2), p-value
Frequency Percentages % Frequency Percentages %
Age <= 23 51 29.8 118 28.1 X2=8.45, p=0.04
24-26 33 19.3 110 26.2
27-30 60 35.1 105 25.0
31+ 27 15.8 87 20.7
Religion Orthodox 53 31.0 138 32.9 X2=1.16, p=0.56
Muslim 11 6.4 36 8.6
Protestant 107 62.6 246 58.7
Ethnicity Oromo 162 94.7 393 93.6 X2=0.29, p=0.59
Amhara 9 5.3 27 6.4
Residence Rural 90 52.6 164 39.0 X2=9.15, p=0.00
Urban 81 47.4 256 61.0
Mother’s education No formal education 56 32.7 140 33.3 X2=7.27, p=0.06
Primary education (1-8) 60 35.1 105 25.0
Secondary education (9-12) 27 15.8 87 20.7
Collage and above 28 16.4 88 21.0
Father’s education No formal education 41 24.0 99 23.6 X2=8.62, p=0.04
Primary education (1-8) 56 32.7 93 22.1
Secondary education (9-12) 36 21.1 102 24.3
Collage and above 38 22.2 126 30.0
Occupation of mother Government employee 19 11.1 54 12.9 X2=2.64, p=0.65
Private employee Farmer 13 54 7.6 31.6 37 118 8.8 28.1
Merchant 25 14.6 48 11.4
Housewife 60 35.1 163 38.8
Occupation of father Government employee 40 23.4 133 31.7 X2=5.81, p=0.12
Private employee 19 11.1 56 13.3
Farmer 81 47.4 162 38.6
Merchant 31 18.1 69 16.4
Monthly income <= 1000 99 57.9 148 35.2 X2=7.14, p=0.68
1,001-3,000 42 24.6 133 31.7
3,001+ 30 17.5 139 33.1
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