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Age-Related Dynamics of Fecal Microbiota in the Captive Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)

LIU JUAN

LIU JUAN

  • Shanghai ZooShanghai, P.R. China
  • School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai, P.R. China
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JUAN, LIU
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HAILI WU

HAILI WU

Shanghai ZooShanghai, P.R. China
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WU, HAILI
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YAOHUA YUAN

YAOHUA YUAN

Shanghai ZooShanghai, P.R. China
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YUAN, YAOHUA
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YINGDI ZHU

YINGDI ZHU

Shanghai ZooShanghai, P.R. China
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ZHU, YINGDI
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KANGNING HUANG

KANGNING HUANG

Shanghai ZooShanghai, P.R. China
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HUANG, KANGNING
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NINA YAN

NINA YAN

Shanghai ZooShanghai, P.R. China
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YAN, NINA
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YI LOU

YI LOU

Hangzhou ZooHangzhou, P.R. China
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LOU, YI
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YALAN ZHANG

YALAN ZHANG

Hangzhou ZooHangzhou, P.R. China
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ZHANG, YALAN
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WEIYI ZHANG

WEIYI ZHANG

Shanghai ZooShanghai, P.R. China
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ZHANG, WEIYI
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SHEN CHENG

SHEN CHENG

National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School of Pharmacy Fudan UniversityShanghai, P.R. China
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CHENG, SHEN
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JIANMIN ZHAN

JIANMIN ZHAN

National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School of Pharmacy Fudan UniversityShanghai, P.R. China
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ZHAN, JIANMIN
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SHUKE YE

SHUKE YE

National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School of Pharmacy Fudan UniversityShanghai, P.R. China
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YE, SHUKE
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YUYAN YOU

YUYAN YOU

Beijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technologies, Beijing ZooBeijing, P.R. China
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YOU, YUYAN
 e 
HONGJIE PAN

HONGJIE PAN

  • School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai, P.R. China
  • National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School of Pharmacy Fudan UniversityShanghai, P.R. China
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PAN, HONGJIE
  
16 set 2025
Age-Related Dynamics of Fecal Microbiota in the Captive Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)'s Cover Image
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Categoria dell'articolo: Original Paper
Pubblicato online: 16 set 2025
Pagine: 363 - 373
Ricevuto: 22 apr 2025
Accettato: 06 ago 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2025-031
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© 2025 JUAN LIU et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1.

Gut Microbiotah Composition of Pan Troglodytes feces at different Ages.A) The rarefaction curve of the microbiota of all samples. Each curve representing a different sample. The curves E3, E5, E6, E7, E8, E9, and F1 indicate the juvenile group; the curves C1, C2, C3, C4, D1, D2, and D3 indicate the adolescent group; the curves A1, A2, A3, B2, B3, B5, and B6 indicate the adult group. The x axis showed qualitative sequence of random number; The y axis showed OTU number. B) Venn plots show the OTU distribution based Venn plots between juvenile (A) adolescent (B) and adult (C) groups. C) The microbial community composition of Pan Troglodytes at the level of phylum in groups A, B, and C. D) The ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroides in group A, B and C. E–F) The microbial community composition of Pan Troglodytes at the level of class E) and genus F) in group A B and C.
Gut Microbiotah Composition of Pan Troglodytes feces at different Ages.A) The rarefaction curve of the microbiota of all samples. Each curve representing a different sample. The curves E3, E5, E6, E7, E8, E9, and F1 indicate the juvenile group; the curves C1, C2, C3, C4, D1, D2, and D3 indicate the adolescent group; the curves A1, A2, A3, B2, B3, B5, and B6 indicate the adult group. The x axis showed qualitative sequence of random number; The y axis showed OTU number. B) Venn plots show the OTU distribution based Venn plots between juvenile (A) adolescent (B) and adult (C) groups. C) The microbial community composition of Pan Troglodytes at the level of phylum in groups A, B, and C. D) The ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroides in group A, B and C. E–F) The microbial community composition of Pan Troglodytes at the level of class E) and genus F) in group A B and C.

Fig. 2.

Diversity analysis of fecal microbiota of Pan Troglodytes in different ages.A–D) Box plot of the α-diversity index of Ace (A) Chao1 (B) Observed species (C) and Goods-covrage (D). E) The Non-Metric Multi-Dimensional Scaling (NMDS) illustrating that the microbial community differences between chimpanzees in groups A, B and C was statistically significant at the Stress level of 1 × 10−4.
Diversity analysis of fecal microbiota of Pan Troglodytes in different ages.A–D) Box plot of the α-diversity index of Ace (A) Chao1 (B) Observed species (C) and Goods-covrage (D). E) The Non-Metric Multi-Dimensional Scaling (NMDS) illustrating that the microbial community differences between chimpanzees in groups A, B and C was statistically significant at the Stress level of 1 × 10−4.

Fig. 3.

The keystone taxa of Pan Troglodytes feces in different ages.A) Histogram of the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) scores computed for features differentially abundant. Red green and blue bars represented bacterial conmmunities of juvenile adolescent and adult groups respectively. The criteria was set as p < 0.05, |log10 LDA score| ≥ 3.0. B) The cladogram analysis. Colors indicated represent the core bacterial populations in respective groups.
The keystone taxa of Pan Troglodytes feces in different ages.A) Histogram of the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) scores computed for features differentially abundant. Red green and blue bars represented bacterial conmmunities of juvenile adolescent and adult groups respectively. The criteria was set as p < 0.05, |log10 LDA score| ≥ 3.0. B) The cladogram analysis. Colors indicated represent the core bacterial populations in respective groups.

The detail information of grouping_

Age group Group Sample size
2 < years old < 5 juvenile group A 7
5 < years old < 10 adolescent group B 7
> 15 years old adult group C 7

The ANOSIM analysis was used to test the significance of differences in community structure between groups_

Groups R p-value
A vs. B 0.0068027 0.383
A vs. C 0.1574344 0.082
B vs. C 0.1977648 0.064
A vs. B vs. C 0.1209373 0.045
C vs. B vs. A 0.1209373 0.045
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Scienze biologiche, Microbiologia e virologia
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