<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><p>Silent genes are DNA sequences that are generally not expressed or expressed at a very low level. These genes become active as a result of mutation, recombination, or insertion. Silent genes can also be activated in laboratory conditions using pleiotropic, targeted genome-wide, or biosynthetic gene cluster approaches. Like every other gene, silent genes can spread through horizontal gene transfer. Most studies have focused on strains with phenotypic resistance, which is the most common subject. However, to fully understand the mechanism behind the spreading of antibiotic resistance, it is reasonable to study the whole resistome, including silent genes.</p><p><fig id="j_pjm-2021-040_fig_001" position="float" fig-type="figure"><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/j_pjm-2021-040_fig_001.jpg"></graphic></fig></p></abstract>

Silent genes are DNA sequences that are generally not expressed or expressed at a very low level. These genes become active as a result of mutation, recombination, or insertion. Silent genes can also be activated in laboratory conditions using pleiotropic, targeted genome-wide, or biosynthetic gene cluster approaches. Like every other gene, silent genes can spread through horizontal gene transfer. Most studies have focused on strains with phenotypic resistance, which is the most common subject. However, to fully understand the mechanism behind the spreading of antibiotic resistance, it is reasonable to study the whole resistome, including silent genes.

Silent Genes: Antimicrobial Resistance and Antibiotic Production

Polish Journal of Microbiology

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

{"article-title":"Silent Genes: Antimicrobial Resistance and Antibiotic Production"}

Silent genes are DNA sequences that are generally not expressed or expressed at a very low level. These genes become active as a result of mutation,...

	Microorganism	Gene	Number of strains tested	Number of susceptible strains carrying antimicrobial resistance genes	Percent of susceptible strains carrying antimicrobial resistance genes	Reference
Aminoglycoside: streptomycin	Escherichia coli	aadA	172	49	28.49%	Lanz et al. 2003
	Salmonella spp.	aadA1	30	1	3.33%	Ma et al. 2007
	Salmonella spp.	aadA2	30	1	3.33%	Ma et al. 2007
	Escherichia coli	aadA	615	5	0.81%	Enne et al. 2008
	Escherichia coli	strAB	615	1	0.16%	Enne et al. 2008
Chloramphenicol	Salmonella spp.	catA1	40	16	40.00%	Deekshit et al. 2012
Chloramphenicol	Salmonella spp.	catA	120	8	6.67%	Adesijij et al. 2014
β-lactams: carbapenem	Klebsiella pneumoniae	IMP-type	140	35	25.00%	Walsh 2005
β-lactams: carbapenem	Acinetobacter baumannii	bla_OXA-23	31	5	16.13%	Carvalho et al. 2011
Sulfometaxazole/trimetoprim	Vibrio parahaemolyticus	sul2	87	69	79.31%	Jiang et al. 2014
Tetracycline	Streptococcus pyogenes	tetM	125	88	70.40%	Brenciani et al. 2007
Metronidazole	Bacteroides spp.	nim	206	12	5.83%	Gal and Brazier 2004

Silent Genes: Antimicrobial Resistance and Antibiotic Production

Article Category: mini-review

Pubblicato online: 16 ott 2021

Pagine: 421 - 429

Ricevuto: 26 lug 2021

Accettato: 15 set 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2021-040

Parole chiave
silent genes, antimicrobial resistance, spp., mutations

© 2021 Monika Stasiak et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Prevalence of silent antimicrobial resistance genes in different bacteria species.

Silent Genes: Antimicrobial Resistance and Antibiotic Production

Article Category: mini-review

Pubblicato online: 16 ott 2021

Pagine: 421 - 429

Ricevuto: 26 lug 2021

Accettato: 15 set 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2021-040

Parole chiavesilent genes, antimicrobial resistance, spp., mutations

© 2021 Monika Stasiak et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Prevalence of silent antimicrobial resistance genes in different bacteria species.

Parole chiave
silent genes, antimicrobial resistance, spp., mutations