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The Effects of Different Modes of Delivery on the Structure and Predicted Function of Intestinal Microbiota in Neonates and Early Infants

KAIYU PAN
KAIYU PAN
, 
CHENGYUE ZHANG
CHENGYUE ZHANG
 e 
JUN TIAN
JUN TIAN
   | 19 mar 2021
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Article Category: original-paper
Pubblicato online: 19 mar 2021
Pagine: 45 - 55
Ricevuto: 14 ott 2020
Accettato: 07 gen 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2021-002
Parole chiave
© 2021 Kaiyu Pan et al, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1.

Intestinal microbiota community structure of 2 groups (vaginal delivery and cesarean section) in 3 days neonates.(A) Intestinal microbiota community heatmap analysis on the genus level of the two groups.(B) Wilcoxon rank-sum test bar plot on the genus level between the two groups.(C) Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) on unweighted UniFrac distances between the neonatal microbiota is shown along the first two principal coordinates (PC) axes. Each point represents a single sample and is colored by a delivery mode: vaginal delivery, blue; cesarean section, red. The closer the two sample points are, the more similar the species composition is.(D) PCoA box diagram. Represents the discrete distribution of different groups of samples on the PC1 axis: vaginal delivery, blue; cesarean section, red.
Intestinal microbiota community structure of 2 groups (vaginal delivery and cesarean section) in 3 days neonates.(A) Intestinal microbiota community heatmap analysis on the genus level of the two groups.(B) Wilcoxon rank-sum test bar plot on the genus level between the two groups.(C) Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) on unweighted UniFrac distances between the neonatal microbiota is shown along the first two principal coordinates (PC) axes. Each point represents a single sample and is colored by a delivery mode: vaginal delivery, blue; cesarean section, red. The closer the two sample points are, the more similar the species composition is.(D) PCoA box diagram. Represents the discrete distribution of different groups of samples on the PC1 axis: vaginal delivery, blue; cesarean section, red.

Fig. 2.

Intestinal microbiota community structures of two groups (vaginal delivery and cesarean section) in 30–42 days infants.(A) Intestinal microbiota community heatmap analysis on the genus level of the two groups.(B) Wilcoxon rank-sum test bar plot on the genus level between the two groups.(C) Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) on unweighted UniFrac distances between the infants’ intestinal microbiota is shown along the first two principal coordinates (PC) axes. Each point represents a single sample and is colored by delivery mode: vaginal delivery, blue; cesarean section, red. The closer the two sample points are, the more similar the species composition is.(D) PCoA box diagram. Represents the discrete distribution of different groups of samples on the PC1 axis: vaginal delivery, red; cesarean section, blue.
Intestinal microbiota community structures of two groups (vaginal delivery and cesarean section) in 30–42 days infants.(A) Intestinal microbiota community heatmap analysis on the genus level of the two groups.(B) Wilcoxon rank-sum test bar plot on the genus level between the two groups.(C) Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) on unweighted UniFrac distances between the infants’ intestinal microbiota is shown along the first two principal coordinates (PC) axes. Each point represents a single sample and is colored by delivery mode: vaginal delivery, blue; cesarean section, red. The closer the two sample points are, the more similar the species composition is.(D) PCoA box diagram. Represents the discrete distribution of different groups of samples on the PC1 axis: vaginal delivery, red; cesarean section, blue.

Fig. 3.

Student’s t-test for sobs index of vaginal delivery and cesarean section groups’ intestinal microbiota at two points (in 3 days and 30–42 days old). (A) Sobs index at the two points of vaginal delivery infants. (B) Sobs index at the two points of cesarean section infants.
Student’s t-test for sobs index of vaginal delivery and cesarean section groups’ intestinal microbiota at two points (in 3 days and 30–42 days old). (A) Sobs index at the two points of vaginal delivery infants. (B) Sobs index at the two points of cesarean section infants.

Fig. 4.

Predicted function: Heatmap of KEGG pathway level 2.(A) Heatmap showing distinct microbial gene (KEGG pathway level 2) profiles of the two groups’ stool in 3 days after delivery: vaginal delivery, r)ed; cesarean section, green.(B) Heatmap showing distinct microbial gene (KEGG pathway level 2) profiles of 2 groups in 30–42 days old: vaginal delivery, green; cesarean section, red.
Predicted function: Heatmap of KEGG pathway level 2.(A) Heatmap showing distinct microbial gene (KEGG pathway level 2) profiles of the two groups’ stool in 3 days after delivery: vaginal delivery, r)ed; cesarean section, green.(B) Heatmap showing distinct microbial gene (KEGG pathway level 2) profiles of 2 groups in 30–42 days old: vaginal delivery, green; cesarean section, red.

Description of 82 participants of this study.

GroupVaginal delivery (n = 51)Cesarean delivery (n = 31)p-value
Sex (%)0.907
Boys24 (47.1%)15 (48.4%)
Girls27 (52.9%)16 (51.6%)
Gestational age (w)39.0 ± 0.939.2 ± 1.00.532
Birth weight (g)3,091.0 ± 299.73,117.4 ± 260.40.685
Hb (g/l)163.9 ± 12.0161.2 ± 10.20.296
Premature rupture of membranes (h)3.2 ± 2.13.3 ± 2.50.836
Feeding (%) 3-day-old0.687
Breast-fed24 (47.1%)12 (38.7%)
Mixed-fed16 (31.4%)10 (32.3%)
Fomula-fed11 (21.6%)9 (29.0%)
Feeding (%) 30-42-day-old0.853
Breast-fed21 (41.2%)11 (35.5%)
Mixed-fed16 (31.3%)10 (32.3%)
Fomula-fed14 (27.5%)10 (32.3%)
eISSN:
2544-4646
Lingua:
Inglese
Frequenza di pubblicazione:
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Argomenti della rivista:
Life Sciences, Microbiology and Virology
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