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Does hydrogen-rich water mitigate MP toxicity in rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss)? Monitoring with hematology, DNA damage, and apoptosis via ROS/GSH/MDA pathway

Muhammed Atamanalp
Muhammed Atamanalp
, 
Muammer Kırıcı
Muammer Kırıcı
, 
Mine Köktürk
Mine Köktürk
, 
Mahinur Kırıcı
Mahinur Kırıcı
, 
Duried Alwazeer
Duried Alwazeer
, 
Esat Mahmut Kocaman
Esat Mahmut Kocaman
, 
Arzu Ucar
Arzu Ucar
, 
Veysel Parlak
Veysel Parlak
, 
Sinan Özcan
Sinan Özcan
 e 
Gonca Alak
Gonca Alak
   | 28 giu 2023
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Article Category: Original research paper
Pubblicato online: 28 giu 2023
Pagine: 206 - 220
Ricevuto: 29 mar 2023
Accettato: 21 apr 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.26881/oahs-2023.2.05
© 2023 Muhammed Atamanalp et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Microscope images of polyethylene microplastics used in dietary exposure of O. mykiss and size distribution of polyethylene microplastics (PE MPs) analysed through particle counting
Microscope images of polyethylene microplastics used in dietary exposure of O. mykiss and size distribution of polyethylene microplastics (PE MPs) analysed through particle counting

Figure 2

Microscope images of polypropylene microplastics used in dietary exposure of O. mykiss and size distribution of polypropylene microplastics (PP MPs) analysed through particle counting
Microscope images of polypropylene microplastics used in dietary exposure of O. mykiss and size distribution of polypropylene microplastics (PP MPs) analysed through particle counting

Figure 3

(A-B) FTIR spectra of microplastics used in dietary exposure of O. mykiss
(A-B) FTIR spectra of microplastics used in dietary exposure of O. mykiss

Figure 4

Microscopic images of PE and PP MPs in the tissues of dieted fish
Microscopic images of PE and PP MPs in the tissues of dieted fish

Figure 5

Antioxidant enzyme activity of fish tissues after the application of different recovery treatments. Lowercase superscripts (a, b, c) indicate significant differences among the same colon within each experimental treatment group, *p < 0.05
Antioxidant enzyme activity of fish tissues after the application of different recovery treatments. Lowercase superscripts (a, b, c) indicate significant differences among the same colon within each experimental treatment group, *p < 0.05

Figure 6

Antioxidant and oxidation status of fish tissues after the application of different recovery treatments. Lowercase superscripts (a, b, c) indicate significant differences among the same colon within each experimental treatment group, *p < 0.05
Antioxidant and oxidation status of fish tissues after the application of different recovery treatments. Lowercase superscripts (a, b, c) indicate significant differences among the same colon within each experimental treatment group, *p < 0.05

Figure 7

DNA damage level and apoptosis activity of fish tissues after the application of different recovery treatments. Lowercase superscripts (a, b, c) indicate significant differences among the same colon within each experimental treatment group, *p < 0.05
DNA damage level and apoptosis activity of fish tissues after the application of different recovery treatments. Lowercase superscripts (a, b, c) indicate significant differences among the same colon within each experimental treatment group, *p < 0.05

Figure 8

AChE activity after the application of different recovery treatments. Lowercase superscripts (a, b, c) indicate significant differences among the same colon within each experimental treatment group, *p < 0.05
AChE activity after the application of different recovery treatments. Lowercase superscripts (a, b, c) indicate significant differences among the same colon within each experimental treatment group, *p < 0.05

Amount, dimensions, and polymer type of PP and PE MPs in muscle, liver, gill, and gastrointestinal tract tissues of O. mykiss after dietary exposure

Fish tissues (n=5) Treatment groups
Control HRW PP+PE PP+PE+HRW
Average MPs Size range (μm) Microplastic type (%) Average MPs Size range (μm) Microplastic type (%) Average MPs Size range (μm) Microplastic type (%) Average MPs Size range Microplastic type (%)
Muscle (MPs g-1) 0 - - 0 - - 0.2 ±0.4 0-40 100% PP 0 - -
Liver (MPs ind.-1) 0 - - 0 - - 0.4 ±0.5 41-51 100%PP 0 - -
Gills (MPs ind.-1) 0.8 ± 0.4 129-229 75% PE, 25% PP 0.6 ±0.5 111-255 66.7% PP, 33.3% PE 3.8 ±1.3 44-255 52.6% PE, 47.4% PP 3.2 ±0.8 66-200 56.3% PE, 43.8% PP
Gastrointestinal system (MPs ind.-1) 0.4 ± 0.5 92-107 %50 PE, %50 PP 0.8 ±0.4 95-274 75% PP, 25% PE 3.8 ±0.8 67-325 63.2% PE, 36.8% PP 1.2 ±0.8 125-279 66.7% PE, 33.3 %PP

Hematological index alterations

Hematological index Treatment groups Values (Mean ± SD)
Hemoglobin (g dL) Control 9.3 ± 0.3b
PP+PE 8.5 ± 0.3b
PP+PE+HRW 11.9 ± 0.8a
HRW 9.0 ± 0.02 b
RBC (106 mm-3) Control 1.3 ±0.1b
PP+PE 1.1 ± 0.04c
PP+PE+HRW 1.8 ± 0.08a
HRW 1.0 ± 0.1d
WBC (104 mm-3) Control 13.9 ± 1.7b
PP+PE 9.8 ± 0.9c
PP+PE+HRW 16.7 ± 0.9a
HRW 9.6 ± 0.6 c
PLT (104 mm-3) Control 445.7 ± 26.1a
PP+PE 357.7 ± 13.7ab
PP+PE+HRW 545.3 ± 22.7a
HRW 248.0 ± 98.8b
HCT (%) Control 34.1 ± 1.3b
PP+PE 29.0 ± 1.7c
PP+PE+HRW 37.9 ± 0.4a
HRW 34.3 ± 1.15 b
MCV (μm-3) Control 157.7 ± 4.3b
PP+PE 155.3 ± 6.2b
PP+PE+HRW 157.5 ± 6.4b
HRW 284.3 ± 14.2 a
MCH (pg) Control 54.1 ± 2.1b
PP+PE 52.7 ± 0.6b
PP+PE+HRW 52.5 ± 2.1b
HRW 74.9 ± 4.3a
MCHC (g 100 ml-1) Control 27.3 ± 1.5bc
PP+PE 29.3 ± 1.7ab
PP+PE+HRW 31.3 ± 1.9a
HRW 26.23 ± 0.4c

Total length, total weight, tissue and organ weights of the fish used in the experimental groups

Groups (n = 15) Total weight (g) Total length (cm) Liver (g) Gills (g) Gastrointestinal system (g) Muscle (g)
Control 207.5 ±54.6 24.8±1.0 3.5±0.5 5.1±0.8 18.2±0.6 ~5
HRW 267.2 ±54.6 27.2±1.3 3.8±0.3 6.2±0.7 20.7±4.0 ~5
PP+PE 235.0 ±86.8 26.6±2.6 3.6±0.6 4.9±1.0 17.6±3.3 ~5
PP+PE+HRW 159.5 ±15.2 23.0±0.6 2.5±0.4 3.7±0.3 16.2±2.5 ~5
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