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The effect of the pre-wetting of expanded clay aggregate on the freeze-thaw resistance of the expanded clay aggregate concrete

Michał Piotr Musiał
Michał Piotr Musiał
, 
Filip Grzymski
Filip Grzymski
 e 
Tomasz Trapko
Tomasz Trapko
   | 30 giu 2021
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Article Category: Original Study
Pubblicato online: 30 giu 2021
Pagine: 65 - 73
Ricevuto: 21 ott 2020
Accettato: 19 nov 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/sgem-2020-0011
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© 2021 Michał Piotr Musiał et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Lightweight aggregates differing in their diameter (from left to right: 8–16 mm, 4–8 mm, 2–4 mm) (Rashad, 2018).
Lightweight aggregates differing in their diameter (from left to right: 8–16 mm, 4–8 mm, 2–4 mm) (Rashad, 2018).

Figure 2

Automatic freezing chamber.
Automatic freezing chamber.

Figure 3

Specimen placed in compression testing machine.
Specimen placed in compression testing machine.

Figure 4

Mean differences between masses of specimens.
Mean differences between masses of specimens.

Figure 5

Compressive strength values (individual results and mean values).
Compressive strength values (individual results and mean values).

Figure 6

Compressive strength values (mean values).
Compressive strength values (mean values).

Figure 7

Relative mass losses.
Relative mass losses.

Figure 8

Relative strength decreases.
Relative strength decreases.

Figure 9

Strength of expanded clay aggregate concrete for reference specimens depending on water–cement ratio.
Strength of expanded clay aggregate concrete for reference specimens depending on water–cement ratio.

Concrete mix designs.

IA IIA IB IIB
Water added to mix [kg/m3] 151 110 178 178
Water contained in expanded clay aggregate [kg/m3] 27 68 27 68
Total water [kg/m3] 178 178 205 246
Actual w/c [-] 0.52 0.52 0.60 0.72
Expanded clay aggregate 4–8 [kg/m3] 301 342 301 342
Other ingredients acc. to tab. 1

Compressive strength values.

Compressive strength for individual series [MPa]
0 IA IIA IB IIB
Reference specimens Specimen no. 1 22.2 19.2 21.8 14.4 13.8
2 21.1 19.7 22.0 14.9 14.7
3 22.4 18.6 22.7 14.7 14.0
4 20.9 19.9 22.7 14.2 15.1
5 21.4 19.6 22.8 15.3 13.8
6 23.5 19.4 22.0 13.3 12.9
Mean 21.9 19.4 22.3 14.5 14.0
Std Dev 1.00 0.46 0.44 0.68 0.78
Specimens after freeze-thaw cycling Specimen no. 1 20.9 19.1 22.4 12.9 11.1
2 20.0 17.3 22.7 12.9 12.4
3 22.2 19.1 23.1 11.8 11.1
4 23.6 18.2 19.8 11.1 10.0
5 22.4 19.6 17.8 12.7 12.4
6 22.1 20.2 19.6 14.0 13.8
Mean 21.9 18.9 20.9 12.6 11.8
Std Dev 1.25 1.02 2.15 1.00 1.34

Initial concrete mix design.

Material Quantity
Portland cement 42.5R 344 kg/m3
Water 178 kg/m3
Sand 0–2 mm 821 kg/m3
Aggregate 2–8 mm (river pebble) 342 kg/m3
Expanded clay aggregate 4–8 mm 274 kg/m3
Fly ash 48 kg/m3 (13.9% cement mass)
Superplasticizer FM 6 max. 7.91 kg/m3 (max 2.3% cement mass)
W/C 0.52

Masses of specimens.

Masses for particular series [g]
0 IA IIA IB IIB
Before f/t cycles After f/t cycles Before f/t cycles After f/t cycles Before f/t cycles After f/t cycles Before f/t cycles After f/t cycles Before f/t cycles After f/t cycles
Specimen no. 1 5622.0 5616.6 5411.6 5405.4 5746.2 5731.8 5574.0 5554.4 5611.8 5596.0
2 5665.0 5660.0 5366.0 5358.6 5807.5 5797.6 5548.2 5531.0 5621.0 5448.0
3 5688.8 5686.8 5409.6 5399.2 5804.2 5784.8 5620.2 5602.0 5715.8 5495.1
4 5673.6 5662.8 5340.4 5332.6 5620.0 5606.0 5532.2 5514.2 5633.0 5501.4
5 5709.2 5707.2 5420.4 5415.9 5508.2 5498.8 5634.6 5617.0 5673.0 5505.8
6 5733.6 5726.6 5389.4 5383.8 5667.4 5657.6 5591.4 5575.0 5848.1 5499.0
Mean 5682.0 5676.7 5389.6 5382.6 5692.3 5679.4 5583.4 5565.6 5683.8 5507.6
Std Dev 38.5 39.0 31.0 31.6 117.0 115.2 40.0 40.0 89.3 48.2
Decrease 5.4 7.0 12.8 17.8 176.2

Relative mass losses ΔmF and strength decrements ΔfF.

0 IA IIA IB IIB
ΔmF [%] 0.09 0.13 0.22 0.32 3.08
ΔfF [%] 0.33 2.50 6.41 13.30 15.83

Aggregate moisture content check results.

Series 0 IA IIA IB IIB
Nominal moisture content [%] 0 10 25 10 25
Actual moisture content [%] 0.3 11.1 24.2 8.9 24.7
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