[Abraham A, Mathews PM (1962) Cytological studies in the cycads: sex chromosomes in Cycas. Annals of Botany 26: 261-266 https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a08379210.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a083792]Search in Google Scholar
[Ahuja MR (2005) Polyploidy in gymnosperms revisited. Silvae Genetica 54: 59-69. https://doi.org/10.1515/sg-2005-001010.1515/sg-2005-0010]Search in Google Scholar
[Ahuja MR (2009) Genetic constitution and diversity in four narrow endemic redwoods from the family Cupressaceae. Euphytica 165: 5-19 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-008-9813-310.1007/s10681-008-9813-3]Search in Google Scholar
[Ahuja MR, Neale DB (2002) Origins of polyploidy in coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) (D. Don) Endl. and relationship of coast redwood to other genera of Taxodiaceae. Silvae Genetica 51: 93–100.]Search in Google Scholar
[Armenise L, Simeone M, Piredda R, Schirone B (2012) Validation of DNA barcoding as an efficient tool for taxa identification and detection of species diversity in Italian conifers. Eur. J. Forest Res. 131: 1337-1353. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-012-0602-010.1007/s10342-012-0602-0]Search in Google Scholar
[Chase MW, Reveal JL (2009) A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APGIII. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 161: 122-127. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.01002.x10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.01002.x]Search in Google Scholar
[Christiansen H (1963) On the chromosomes of Pseudotsuga macrocarpa and Pseudotsuga menziesii. Silvae Genetica 12: 124-127.]Search in Google Scholar
[Christenhusz MJM, Reveal JL, Farjon A, Gardner MF, Mill RR, Chase MW (2011) A new classification and linear sequence of extant gymnosperms. Phytotaxa 19: 55-70. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.310.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.3]Search in Google Scholar
[Davies BJ, O’Brien IEW, Murray BG (1997) Karyotypes, chromosome bands and genome size variation in New Zealand endemic gymnosperms. Plant Systematics and Evolution 208: 169-185. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf0098544010.1007/BF00985440]Search in Google Scholar
[El Kaasaby YA, Colangeli AM, Sziklai O (1983) A numerical analysis of karyotypes in the genus Pseudotsuga. Canadian Journal of Botany 61: 536-544. https://doi.org/10.1139/b83-06010.1139/b83-060]Search in Google Scholar
[Farhat P, Hidalgo O, Robert T, Siljak-Yakovlev S, Leitch I, Adams RP, Daghar Kharrat MB (2019a) Polyploidy in the genus Juniperus: and unexpectedly high rete. Frontiers in Plant Science 10: Article 676 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.0067610.3389/fpls.2019.00676654100631191584]Search in Google Scholar
[Farhat P, Siljak-Yakovlev S, Adams RP, Daghar Kharrat MB, Robert T(2019b) Genome size variation and polyploidy in the geographical range of Juniperus sabina L. (Cupressaceae). Botany Letters https://doi.org/10.1080/23818107.2019.161326210.1080/23818107.2019.1613262]Search in Google Scholar
[Farjon A (2018) The Kew review: conifers of the world. Kew Bulletin 73: 8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-018-9738-510.1007/s12225-018-9738-5]Search in Google Scholar
[Hair JB, Beuzenberg EJ (1958) Chromosomal evolution of the Podocarpaceae. Nature 181: 1584-1586. https://doi.org/10.1038/1811584a010.1038/1811584a0]Search in Google Scholar
[Hill K (2005) Diversity and evolution of gymnosperms. In: Henry RJ (ed.), Plant Diversity and Evolution: Diversity and Phenotypic Variation in Higher Plants CABI Publishing Wallingford, Oxfordshire UK. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851999043.002510.1079/9780851999043.0025]Search in Google Scholar
[Hizume M (1989) Karyomorphological studies in twelve species in the Taxodiaceae with special reference to cytotaxonomical position of Sciadopitys verticillata. Mem. Fac. Educ. Ehime Univ., Ser. 3, Nat. Sci. 9: 7–32]Search in Google Scholar
[Hizume M (2015) Fluorescent band patterns of chromosomes in Pseudolarix amabilis, Pinaceae. Cytologia 80: 151-157. https://doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.80.15110.1508/cytologia.80.151]Search in Google Scholar
[Hizume M, Akiyama M (1992) Size variation of chromomycin A3-band in chromosomes of Douglas fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii. Japanese Journal of Genetics 67: 425–435. https://doi.org/10.1266/jjg.67.42510.1266/jjg.67.425]Search in Google Scholar
[Hizume M, KondoK (1992) Fluorescent chromosome banding in five taxa of Pseudotsuga, Pinaceae. La Kromosomo II 66: 2257–2268.]Search in Google Scholar
[Hizume M, Kaneko K, Miyake T (2014) A method for the preparation of meiotic chromosomes of conifers and its applications. Chromosome Botany 9: 83-88. https://doi.org/10.3199/iscb.9.8310.3199/iscb.9.83]Search in Google Scholar
[Ickert Bond SM, Sousa A, Ya M, Pellicer J, Leitch I (2014) The evolution of genome size in gymnosperm genus Ephedra: Flow cytometry and new chromosome counts support high levels of polyploidy. Botany New Frontiers in Botany, The Boise Centre-Boise Idaho July 26-30, 2014.]Search in Google Scholar
[Johnson MAT, Kenton AY, Bennett MD, Brandham PE (1989) Voanioala gerardii has the highest known chromosome number in monocotyledons. Genome 32: 328-333. https://doi.org/10.1139/g89-44910.1139/g89-449]Search in Google Scholar
[Khoshoo TN (1959) Polyploidy in gymnosperms. Evolution 13: 24-39 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1959.tb02991.x10.1111/j.1558-5646.1959.tb02991.x]Search in Google Scholar
[Khoshoo TN (1961) Chromosome numbers in gymnosperms. SilvaeGenetica 10: 1-7]Search in Google Scholar
[Khoshoo TN, Ahuja MR (1963) The chromosomes and relationships of Welwitschia mirabilis. Chromosoma 14: 522-533. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf0032147110.1007/BF00321471]Search in Google Scholar
[Mehra PN (1988) Indian Conifers, Gnetophytes and Phylogeny of Gymnosperms. Panjab University, Chandigarh]Search in Google Scholar
[Mergen F (1961) The chromosomes of Pseudolarix amabilis. Cytologia 26: 213-216. https://doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.26.21310.1508/cytologia.26.213]Search in Google Scholar
[Moretti A (1990) Karyotype data on North and Central American Zamiaceae (Cycadales) and their phylogenetic implications. American Journal of Botany 77: 1016-1029. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1990.tb13597.x10.1002/j.1537-2197.1990.tb13597.x]Search in Google Scholar
[Moretti A, Sabato S (1984) Karyotype evolution by centromeric fission in Zamia (Cycadales). Pl. Syst. Evol. 146: 215–223. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf0098954710.1007/BF00989547]Search in Google Scholar
[Moretti A, Caputo P, Gaudio L, Stevenson DW (1991) Intraspecific chromosome variation in Zamia (Zamiaceae, Cycadales). Caryologia 44: 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/00087114.1991.1079701310.1080/00087114.1991.10797013]Search in Google Scholar
[Moretti A, Caputo P, Cozzolino S,Gaudio L (1993) Karyotypes of New World cycads. Pp. 263--270 in D. W. Stevenson & K. J. Norstog (editors), The Biology, Structure, and Systematics of the Cycadales: Proceedings of Cycad 90, the Second International Conference on Cycad Biology. Palm & Cycad Societies of Australia, Milton, Queensland.]Search in Google Scholar
[Napalitano A, Caputo P, Moretti A (2004) Karyology, phytogeography, and the origin of intraspecific karyotype variation in Zamia paucijuga and Z. polymorpha (Zamiaceae). Delpinoa 46: 71-83.]Search in Google Scholar
[Nicolalde-Morejon F, Vovides AP, Stevenson DW (2009) Taxonomic revision of Zamia in Mega–Mexico. Brittonia, 61:301-335 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12228-009-9077-910.1007/s12228-009-9077-9]Search in Google Scholar
[Norstog K (1980) Chromosome numbers in Zamia (Cycadales). Caryologia 33 419–428. https://doi.org/10.1080/00087114.1980.1079685510.1080/00087114.1980.10796855]Search in Google Scholar
[Norstog K (1981) Karyotypes of Zamia chigna (Cycadales). Caryologia 34: 255–260. https://doi.org/10.1080/00087114.1981.1079688910.1080/00087114.1981.10796889]Search in Google Scholar
[Ohri D, Rastogi S (2019) Sex determination in cycads. Nucleus. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13237-019-00302-210.1007/s13237-019-00302-2]Search in Google Scholar
[Olson K, Gorelick R (2011) Chromosomal fission accounts for small scale radiations in Zamia (Zamiaceae; Cycadales). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 165: 168-185. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2010.01102.x10.1111/j.1095-8339.2010.01102.x]Search in Google Scholar
[Owens JN (1967) Chromosme aberration in Douglas fir. Canadian Journal of Botany 45: 1910-1913. https://doi.org/10.1139/b67-20710.1139/b67-207]Search in Google Scholar
[Premoli AC, Kitzberger T, Veblen TT (2000) Isozyme variation and recent bio-geographical history of the long lived conifer Fitzroya cupressoides. J. Biogeogr. 27: 251-260. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2699.2000.00402.x10.1046/j.1365-2699.2000.00402.x]Search in Google Scholar
[Rastogi S, Ohri D (2019) B-chromosomes in gymnosperms. Silvae Genetica 68: 51-54. https://doi.org/10.2478/sg-2019-000910.2478/sg-2019-0009]Search in Google Scholar
[Rastogi S, Ohri D (2019) Karyotype evolution in Cycads. Nucleus https://doi.org/10.1007/s13237-019-00302-210.1007/s13237-019-00302-2]Search in Google Scholar
[Schlarbaum SE, Tsuchiya T (1975) The chromosome study of giant sequoia, Sequoiadendron giganteum. Silvae Genetica 24: 23-26.]Search in Google Scholar
[Schlarbaum SE, Tsuchiya T (1984a) Cytotaxonomy and phylogeny in certain species of Taxodiaceae. Plant Systematics and Evolution 147: 29-54 https://doi.org/10.1007/bf0098457810.1007/BF00984578]Search in Google Scholar
[Schlarbaum SE, Tsuchiya T (1984b) A chromosome study of coast redwood, Sequoia sempervirens D. (Don) Endl. Silvae Genetica 33: 56-62]Search in Google Scholar
[Schutzman B, Vovides AP (1998) A new Zamia (Zamiaceae, Cycadales) from eastern Chiapas, Mexico. Novon 8: 441–446. https://doi.org/10.2307/339187110.2307/3391871]Search in Google Scholar
[Scott AD, Stenz NWM, Ingvarsson PK, Baum DA (2016) Whole genome duplication in coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) and its implications for explaining the rarity of polyploidy in conifers. New Phytologist 211: 186-193 https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.1393010.1111/nph.1393026996245]Search in Google Scholar
[Smarda P, Horova L, Knapek O, Dieck H, Dieck M, Razna K, Hrubik P, Orloci L, Papp L, Vesela K, Vesely P, Bures P (2018) Multiple haploids triploids and tetraploids found in modern day `living fossil’ Ginkgo biloba. Horticulture Research 5:55. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-018-0055-910.1038/s41438-018-0055-9616584530302259]Search in Google Scholar
[Tagashira N, Kondo K (1999) A karyotype comparison of nine species of aneuploid Zamia by using the conventional orcein staining and the fluoro-chrome CMA-DAPI differential staining methods. Cytologia 64: 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.64.44910.1508/cytologia.64.449]Search in Google Scholar
[Tagashira N, Kondo K (2001) Chromosome phylogeny of Zamia and Ceratozamia by means of Robertsonian changes detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique of rDNA. Plant Systematics and Evolution 227:145–155. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606017004510.1007/s006060170045]Search in Google Scholar
[The Plant List 2010. Version 1 Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/]Search in Google Scholar
[Vallès V, Garnatje T, Robin O, Siljak-Yakovlev S (2015) Molecular cytogenetic studies in western Mediterranean Juniperus (Cupressaceae): a constant model of GC-rich chromosomal regions and rDNA loci with evidences for paleopolyploidy. Tree Genetics & Genomes 11:43 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-015-0860-310.1007/s11295-015-0860-3]Search in Google Scholar
[Vovides AP, Olivares M (1996) Karyotype polymorphism in the cycad Zamia loddigesii (Zamiaceae) of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 120: 77–83. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1996.tb00481.x10.1111/j.1095-8339.1996.tb00481.x]Search in Google Scholar
[Wu H, Ma Z, Wang MM, Qin AL, Ran JH,Wang XQ (2016) A high frequency of allopolyploid speciation in the gymnospermous genus Ephedra and its possible association with some biological and ecological features. Molecular Ecology 25: 1192-210. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.1353810.1111/mec.13538716840326800145]Search in Google Scholar
[Zonneveld BJM (2011) Pine nut syndrome: a simple test for genome size of 12 pine nut-producing trees links the bitter aftertaste to nuts of P. armandii Zucc.exEndl. Plant Systematics and Evolution 297: 201-206 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-011-0507-210.1007/s00606-011-0507-2]Search in Google Scholar