The influence of desiccation and UV radiation on the development and survival of free-living stages of cyathostomins under field and laboratory conditions

[1] Baruš, V. (1962): Helminth fauna of horses in Czechoslovakia. Čs. parasitol, IX: 15–94 Search in Google Scholar

[2] Baruš, V. (1963): Life cycle of some nematodes from the family Trichonematidae (Witenberg, 1925) in laboratory and field conditions. Čs. parasitol., 10: 23–54 (in Czech) Search in Google Scholar

[3] Bazanova, R. U. (1948): Influence of physical factors on development of eggs and larvae of horse strongyles. Trudy Alma at. Zoovet. Inst., 5: 137–142 (in Russian) Search in Google Scholar

[4] Bello, T. R., Gordon, V. L. (1970): Rapid concentration of strongyle eggs from equine faeces for in vitro studies. Am. J. Vet. Res., 31: 2285–2288 Search in Google Scholar

[5] Conder, G. A. (1978): The effect of UV radiation on survival of free-living stages of Haemonchus contortus. Proc. Helminthol. Soc. Wash., 45: 230–232 Search in Google Scholar

[6] ČSN 467092-3., (1999): Assesment of Humidity content. Validity: 1999-01-01. (Czech National Norm n. 467092-3. Validity from January 1, 1999) Search in Google Scholar

[7] De Blieck, L., Baudet, E. A. R. F, (1926): Contribution a îetude du developpement des strongylidés (sclerostomes) du gros intestin chez le cheval. Ann. Parasitol. Hum. Comp., 4: 87–96 Search in Google Scholar

[8] Duncan, J. L. (1974): Field studies on the epidemiology of mixed strongyle infection in the horse. Vet. Rec., 94: 337–345 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.94.15.33710.1136/vr.94.15.337Search in Google Scholar

[9] Eckert, J. (1960): Die Diagnose des Magen-Darm-Strongyliden-Befalles des Schafes durch Differenzierung der freilebende dritten Larven. Zentralbl. Vet. Med., 7: 612–630 Search in Google Scholar

[10] Enigk, K. (1934): Die Widerstandfähigkeit der Entwicklungsstadien der Strongyliden ausserhalb des Wirtstieres. Sch. Arch. Tierheilkd., 67: 363–376 Search in Google Scholar

[11] English, A.W. (1979a): The epidemiology of equine strongylosis in southern Queensland. 1. The bionomics of the free-living stages in faeces and on pasture. Aust. Vet. J. 55: 299–305 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1979.tb00413.xSearch in Google Scholar

[12] English, A.W. (1979b): The epidemiology of equine strongylosis in southern Queensland. 2. The survival and migration of infective larvae on herbage. Aust. Vet. J., 55: 306–309 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1979.tb00415.xSearch in Google Scholar

[13] Fernández, S., Sarkunas, M., Roepstorff, A. (2001): Survival of infective Ostertagia ostertagi larvae on pasture plots under different simulated grazing conditions. Vet. Parasitol., 96: 291–299 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4017(01)00380-610.1016/S0304-4017(01)00380-6Search in Google Scholar

[14] Hasslinger, M. A. (1981): Untersuchungen über den Einfluss verschiedener Temperaturen auf Eier und larven von Pferdstrongyliden unter Laboratoriumsbedingungen sowie das Verhalten dieser exogenen Stadien auf der Weide. Berl. Muench. Tieraerztl. Wochenschr., 94: 1–5 Search in Google Scholar

[15] Hasslinger, M. A. (1986): Biologische und Epizootologische Aspecte zu Parasitenbefall und bekämfung beim Pferd. Der Prakt.Tierärzt., 67: 779–787 Search in Google Scholar

[16] Klei, T. R., Chapman, M. R. (1999): Immunity in equine cyathostome infections. Vet. Parasitol. 85: 123–133 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4017(99)00093-X10.1016/S0304-4017(99)00093-XSearch in Google Scholar

[17] Larsson, A., Dimander, S. O., Uggla, A., Waller, P., Hoglund, J. (2006): Effects of single or concurrent infections with Eimeria alabamensis and gastrointestinal nematodes on the performance of calves on pasture. Parasitol. Res., 99: 84–89 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-005-0109-410.1007/s00436-005-0109-4Search in Google Scholar

[18] Lichtenfels, J. R., Kharchenko, V. A., Krecek, R. C., Gibbons, L. M. (1998): An annotated checklist by genus and species of 93 species level names for 51 recognized species of small strongyles (Nematoda: Strongyloidea: Cyathostominea) of horses, asses and zebras of the world. Vet. Parasitol., 79: 65–79 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4017(98)00149-610.1016/S0304-4017(98)00149-6Search in Google Scholar

[19] Lichtenfels, J. R., Kharchenko, V. A., Krecek, R. C., Gibbons, L. M.: Erratum to “An annotated checklist by genus and species of 93 species level names for 51 recognized species of small strongyles (Nematoda: Strongyloidea: Cyathostominea) of horses, asses and zebras of the world”. Vet. Parasitol., 84: 137–138 Search in Google Scholar

[20] Lichtenfels, J. R., Gibbons, L. M., Krecek, R. C. (2002): Recommended terminology and advances in the systematics of the Cyathostominea (Nematoda: Strongyloidea) of horses. Vet. Parasitol., 107: 337–342 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4017(02)00167-X10.1016/S0304-4017(02)00167-XSearch in Google Scholar

[21] Marquardt, W. C., Fritts, D. H., Senger, C. M., Seghetti, L. (1959): The effect of weather on the development and survival of the free-living stages of Nematodirus spathinger (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae). J. Parasitol., 45: 431–439 http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/327439510.2307/3274395Search in Google Scholar

[22] Mfitilodze, M. W., Hutchinson, G. W. (1987): Development of the free-living stages of equine strongyles under laboratory conditions. Vet. Parasitol. 23: 121–133 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4017(87)90030-610.1016/0304-4017(87)90030-6Search in Google Scholar

[23] Mfitilodze, M. W., Hutchinson, G. W. (1988): Development of the free-living stages of equine strongyles in faeces on pasture in a tropical environment. Vet. Parasitol., 26: 285–296 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4017(88)90097-010.1016/0304-4017(88)90097-0Search in Google Scholar

[24] Noller, W., Schmid, F. (1930): Über den Einfluss der trockung des Pferdekotes auf die Larvenentwicklung der in ihm enthaltenen Strongylideneiern. Tier. Rund., 36, 543–544 Search in Google Scholar

[25] Ogbourne, C. P. (1972): Observations on the free-living stages of strongylid nematodes of the horse. Parasitology 64: 461–477 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S003118200004553410.1017/S0031182000045534Search in Google Scholar

[26] Ogbourne, C. P. (1973): Survival on herbage plots of infective larvae of strongylid nematodes of the horse. J. Helminthol., 48, 9–16 Search in Google Scholar

[27] Ogbourne, C. P., Duncan, J. L. (1985): Strongylus vulgaris in the horse: its biology and veterinary importance. 2. Commonwealth Institute of Parasitology, Comm. Agric. Bureaux. Farnham Royal Slough, SL2 3BN United Kingdom, 1–65 Search in Google Scholar

[28] Pukhov, V. I. (1941): Control of Strongyle Infection in herd of horses. Trudy XV Plenarni Vet. Sect. Akad. Selskochozaistvennych Nauk, Moskva: 173–180 (in Russian) Search in Google Scholar

[29] Rommel, M., Eckert, J., Kutzer, E., Körtling, W., Schnieder, T. (2000): Veterinärmedizinische Parasitologie. 5., vollständig neubearbeitete Auflage. Parey Buchverlag, Berlin, pp 915 Search in Google Scholar

[30] Rupasinghe, D., Ogbourne, C. P. (1978): Laboratory studies on the effect of temperature on the development of the free-living stages of some strongylid nematodes of the horse. Z. Parasitenkd., 55: 249–253 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF0039037710.1007/BF00390377Search in Google Scholar

[31] SAS (computer program) (2004). Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc. Search in Google Scholar

[32] Shagalin, S. F. (1960): Development of the larvae of pathogenic nematodes of the horse in the Turkmenistan environment. Tr. Inst. Zool. Parazitol. Akad. Nauk. Turkm. SSR 5: 237–242 (in Russian) Search in Google Scholar

[33] Shumakovich, E. E. (1974): K izucheniyu bioekologii lichinok strongilat loshadei. (Studies on the ecology of horse strongyle larvae.) In Ershov V.S. et al. (Eds): Gelminty cheloveka zhivototnykh i rastenii. Moscow, Izd. Nauka: 368–374 (in Russian) Search in Google Scholar

[34] Stromberg, B. E. (1997): Environmental factors influencing transmission. Vet. Parasitol., 72: 247–256 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4017(97)00100-310.1016/S0304-4017(97)00100-3Search in Google Scholar

[35] Taylor, E. L. (1938): Observations on the bionomics of Strongyloid larvae in pastures. I. The duration of infection in pasture herbage. Vet. Rec., 40: 1265–1272 Search in Google Scholar

[36] Wetzel, R. (1930): Some observations on the development of eggs and free-living larvae of Strongylus equinus. J. Parasitol., 17: 53 http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/327144010.2307/3271440Search in Google Scholar

[37] Wetzel, R. (1931): Some observations on the development of eggs and larvae of Strongylus vulgaris. J. Parasitol., 17: 55–57 Search in Google Scholar

[38] Wetzel, R. (1951): Verbesserte McMaster-Kammer zum Auszählen von Wurmeiern. Tiearar. Umsch, 6, 209–210 Search in Google Scholar