Brewing Indigenisation, Filtering Westernisation: A Socio-Historical Study of Locally Brewed Alcoholic Drinks in Bhutan

Types of alcohol	Usages
Serkem chang	It is offered to local deities.
Tor chang	It is drunk while making ritual cakes.
Deutsi chang	It is offered during various religious ceremonies.
Sangdze chang	It is used as an ingredient for offering incense to the deities.
Jinsek chang	It is used as an ingredient to ward off evils.
Yang chang	It is specifically brewed for the god of wealth.
Ngo chang	It is offered to the dead.
Tsan chang	It is offered to the local deity.
Tshe chang	It is offered and drank while performing rituals for long life.
Khando chang	This drink is related to individual astrology.
Tshog chang	This drink is offered to visitors and it is very popular in the eastern parts of Bhutan.
Dueng chang	Amongst the pastoral communities of Bhutan, this drink is offered to welcome guests.
Tengkor chang	It is offered for reciprocity and fellow feeling.
Tsug chang	It is offered at the beginning of important work.
Bar chang	It is offered in the middle of any work.
To chang	Drinks that are served before a meal.
Zhe chang	Drinks that are served after a meal.
Branpa chang	Drinks are that are served as an acknowledgement for free labour services.
Nar chang	Drinks that are offered as a request for labour help.
Suwa chang	These drinks are offered to receive guests during marriages and other social gatherings.
Dong chang	It is offered as an arrival drink.
Log chang	Like tengkor chang, it is also offered to express reciprocity and fellow feeling.
Zim chang	It is usually consumed during the night-time.
Lam chang	It is consumed while travelling.

Questions and responses.a

Name of participants (concealed)	Age and gender	Consolidated responses for the question: According to you, which alcoholic drinks are better – western-branded alcoholic drinks or locally brewed alcoholic drinks?
A	37 years old female	‘Western based alcoholic drinks because they are smooth and made in a healthier way’.
B	25 years old male	‘Western based alcoholic drinks because they do not smell as bad as locally brewed alcoholic drinks’.
C	30 years old female	‘Locally brewed alcoholic drinks because they have rich spiritual values in Bhutanese life’.
D	20 years old female	‘Locally brewed alcoholic drinks because they are made naturally, unlike the western based alcoholic drinks’.
E	22 years old male	‘Western alcoholic drinks because they are from Europe and America, so they ought to be better than those from Bhutan’.
F	40 years old male	‘Western based alcoholic drinks because I think they are made by smart people’.
G	40 years old female	‘Locally brewed alcoholic drinks because they are a part of our spiritual culture. It can never be bad in any ways’.
H	32 years old female	‘Locally brewed alcoholic drinks because they are made from natural grains’.
I	19 years old male	‘Western based alcoholic drinks because they are drunk by rich and smart people’.
J	22 years old male	Same as above
K	35 years old female	Same as above
L	29 years old male	‘Western based alcoholic drinks because they are packaged and brewed in a healthy way’.

eISSN:: 2463-8226
Lingua:: Inglese

Frequenza di pubblicazione:: Volume Open
Argomenti della rivista:: Social Sciences, Sociology, Culture, other, Political Sociology, Psychology

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Brewing Indigenisation, Filtering Westernisation: A Socio-Historical Study of Locally Brewed Alcoholic Drinks in Bhutan

Article Category: Original Scientific Article

Pubblicato online: 29 ago 2023

Pagine: 1 - 12

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/rsc-2022-0001

Parole chiavealcohol, indigenous communities, European colonisers, capitalistic narratives, westernisation

© 2022 Sayan Dey, published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Categories of alcoholic drinks in Bhutan and their usages.

Questions and responses.a

Parole chiave
alcohol, indigenous communities, European colonisers, capitalistic narratives, westernisation