Prevalence of Distress and Depression and Related Health and Behavioural Factors in the Student Population of Latvia During the COVID-19 Outbreak

Sayeed, A., Rahman, H., Hassan, N., Christopher, E., Kundu, S., Al Banna, H., Hasan, A.-R., Mallick, T., Meem, A. E., Hasan, T. (2021). Problematic internet use associated with depression, health, and internet-use behaviors among university students of Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study. Children Youth Serv. Rev., 120, 105771. http://www.sciencedirect.com. DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105771 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Cao, W., Fang, Z., Hou, G., Han, M., Xu, X., Dong, J., Zheng, J. (2020). The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psych. Res., 287, 112934. http://www.sciencedirect.com. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112934.710263332229390 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Carr, M., Nielsen, T. (2017). A novel Differential Susceptibility framework for the study of nightmares: Evidence for trait sensory processing sensitivity. Clin. Psychol. Rev., 58, 86–96. http://www.sciencedirect.com, DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2017.10.002.29074230 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Cellini, N., Canale, N., Mioni, G., Costa, S. (2020). Changes in sleep pattern, sense of time and digital media use during COVID-19 lockdown in Italy. J. Sleep Res., 29 (4), e13074. http://www.pubmed.gov. DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13074.723548232410272 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Courtet, P., Olié, E. (2021). Suicide in the COVID-19 pandemic: What we learnt and great expectations. Eur. Neuropsychopharm., 50, 118–120. http://www.sciencedirect.com. DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.06.005.34246052 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Elhai, J. D., Dvorak, R. D., Levine, J. C., Hall, B. J. (2017). Problematic smartphone use: A conceptual overview and systematic review of relations with anxiety and depression psychopathology. J. Affect. Disord., 207, 251–259. http://www.sciencedirect.com. DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.030.27736736 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Fountoulakis, K. N., Apostolidou, M. K., Atsiova, M. B., Filippidou, A. K., Florou, A. K., Gousiou, D. S., Katsara, A. R., Mantzari, S. N., Padouva-Markoulaki, M., Papatriantafyllou, E. I., et al. (2021). Self-reported changes in anxiety, depression and suicidality during the COVID-19 lockdown in Greece. J. Affect. Disord., 279, 624–629. http://www.sciencedirect.com. DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.10.061.760579033190113 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Fountoulakis, K. N., Lacovides, A., Samolis, S., Kleanthous, S., Kaprinis, S. G., St Kaprinis, G., Bech, P. (2001) Reliability, validity and psychometric properties of the Greek translation of the zung depression rating scale. BMC Psychiatry, 1, 6. http://www.pubmed.gov. DOI 10.1186/1471-244X-1-6. Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Fountoulakis, K. N., Pantoula, E., Siamouli, M., Moutou, K., Gonda, X., Rihmer, Z., Iacovides, A., Akiskal, H. (2012). Development of the risk Assessment Suicidality Scale (RASS): A population-based study. J. Affect. Disord., 138 (3), 449–457. http://www.sciencedirect.com, DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2011.12.045.10.1016/j.jad.2011.12.04522301115 Search in Google Scholar

Gualano, M. R., Lo Moro, G., Voglino, G., Bert, F., Siliquini, R. (2020). Effects of COVID-19 lockdown on mental health and sleep disturbances in Italy. Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health, 17 (13), 4779. http://www.pubmed.gov. DOI 10.3390/ijerph17134779. Search in Google Scholar

Guo, Y., Cheng, C., Zeng, Y., Li, Y., Zhu, M., Yang, W., Xu, H., Li, X., Leng, J., Monroe-Wise, A., Wu, S. (2020). Mental health disorders and associated risk factors in quarantined adults during the COVID-19 outbreak in China: Cross-sectional study. J. Med. Internet Res., 22 (8), e20328. http://www.pubmed.gov. DOI 10.2196/20328. Search in Google Scholar

Holmes, E. A., O’Connor, R. C., Perry, V. H., Tracey, I., Wessely, S., Arseneault, L., Ballard, C., Christensen, H., Cohen Silver, R., Everall, I., Ford, T., et al. (2020). Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: A call for action for mental health science. Lancet Psychiatry, 7 (6), 547–560. http://www.sciencedirect.com. DOI: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30168-1.10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30168-1715985032304649 Search in Google Scholar

Huang, Y., Zhao, N. (2020). Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: A web-based cross-sectional survey. Psychiatry Research, 288, 112954. http://www.sciencedirect.com. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112954.10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112954715291332325383 Search in Google Scholar

Huckins, J. F., DaSilva, A. W., Wang, W., Hedlund, E., Rogers, C., Nepal, S. K., Wu, J., Obuchi, M., Murphy, E. I., Meyer, M. L., et al. (2020). Mental health and behavior of college students during the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic: Longitudinal smartphone and ecological momentary assessment study. J. Med. Internet Res., 22 (6), e20185. http://www.pubmed.gov. DOI 10.2196/20185. Search in Google Scholar

Huckins, J. F., DaSilva, A. W., Wang, R., Wang, W., Hedlund, E. L., Murphy, E. I., Lopez, R. B., Rogers, C., Holtzheimer, P. E., Kelley, W. M., et al. (2019). Fusing mobile phone sensing and brain imaging to assess depression in college students. Frontiers Neurosci., 13, 248. http://www.pubmed.gov. DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00248.10.3389/fnins.2019.00248643756030949024 Search in Google Scholar

Ibrahim, A. K., Kelly, S. J., Adams, C. E., Glazebrook, C. (2013). A systematic review of studies of depression prevalence in university students. J. Psychiatric Res., 47 (3), 391–400. http://www.sciencedirect.com. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.11.015.10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.11.01523260171 Search in Google Scholar

Kris-Etherton, P. M., Petersen, K. S., Hibbeln, J. R., Hurley, D., Kolick, V., Peoples, S., Rodriguez, N., Woodward-Lopez, G. (2021). Nutrition and behavioral health disorders: Depression and anxiety. Nutr. Rev., 79 (3), 247–260. http://www.pubmed.gov. DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa025.10.1093/nutrit/nuaa025845360332447382 Search in Google Scholar

Lee, E., Kim, Y. (2019). Effect of university students’ sedentary behavior on stress, anxiety, and depression. Perspect. Psychiatr. Care, 55 (2), 164–169. http://www.pubmed.gov. DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12296.10.1111/ppc.12296781818629797324 Search in Google Scholar

Pandi-Perumal, S. R., Monti, J. M., Burman, D., Karthikeyan, R., BaHammam, A. S., Spence, D. W., Brown, G. M., Narashimhan, M. (2020). Clarifying the role of sleep in depression: A narrative review. Psychiatry Res., 291, 113239. http://www.sciencedirect.com. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113239.10.1016/j.psychres.2020.11323932593854 Search in Google Scholar

Patsali, M. E., Mousa, D. V., Papadopoulou, E. V. K., Papadopoulou, K. K. K., Kaparounaki, C. K., Diakogiannis, I., Fountoulakis, K. N. (2020). University students’ changes in mental health status and determinants of behavior during the COVID-19 lockdown in Greece. Psychiatry Res., 292, 113298. http://www.pubmed.gov. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113298.10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113298735753732717710 Search in Google Scholar

Qiu, J., Shen, B., Zhao, M., Wang, Z., Xie, B., Xu, Y. (2020). A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: Implications and policy recommendations. Gen. Psychiatry, 33 (2), e100213. http://www.pubmed.gov. DOI: 10.1136/gpsych-2020-100213.10.1136/gpsych-2020-100213706189332215365 Search in Google Scholar

Ramón-Arbués, E., Martķnez Abadķa, B., Granada López, J. M., Echániz Serrano, E., Pellicer Garcķa, B., Juárez Vela, R., Guerrero Portillo, S., Saéz Guinoa, M. (2019). Eating behavior and relationships with stress, anxiety, depression and insomnia in university students. Nutr. Hosp., 36 (6), 1339–1345. http://www.pubmed.gov. DOI: 10.20960/nh.02641 (in Spanish).10.20960/nh.0264131657605 Search in Google Scholar

Roberts, R. E., Duong, H. T. (2014). The prospective association between sleep deprivation and depression among adolescents. Sleep, 37 (2), 239–244. http://www.pubmed.gov. DOI: 10.5665/sleep.3388.10.5665/sleep.3388390061024497652 Search in Google Scholar

Santomauro, D. F., Mantilla Herrera, A. M., Shadid, J., Zheng, P., Ashbaugh, C., Pigott, D. M., Abbafati, C., Adolph, C., Amlag, J. O., Aravkin, A. Y., Bang-Jensen, B. L., Bertolacci, G. J., et al. (2021). Global prevalence and burden of depressive and anxiety disorders in 204 countries and territories in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet,. 398, 1700–1712. http://www.sciencedirect.com. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02143-7.10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02143-7850069734634250 Search in Google Scholar

Scarpelli, S., Alfonsi, V., Mangiaruga, A., Musetti, A., Quattropani, M. C., Lenzo, V., et al. (2021). Pandemic nightmares: Effects on dream activity of the COVID-19 lockdown in Italy. J. Sleep Res., 30 (5), e13300. http://www.pubmed.gov. DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13300.10.1111/jsr.13300799497233547703 Search in Google Scholar

Schredl, M., Gilles, M., Wolf, I., Peus, V., Scharnholz, B., Sütterlin, M., Bardtke, S., Send, T. S., Samaras, A., Deuschle, M. (2019). Nightmares and stress: A longitudinal study. J. Clin. Sleep Med., 15 (9), 1209–1215. http://www.pubmed.gov. DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.7904.10.5664/jcsm.7904676040431538591 Search in Google Scholar

Shabbir, M. A., Mehak, F., Khan, Z. M., Ahmed, W., Haq, S., Khan, M. R., Bhat, Z. F., Aadil, R. M. (2022). Delving the role of nutritional psychiatry to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic induced stress, anxiety and depression. Trends Food Sci. Technol., 120, 25–35. http://www.pubmed.gov. DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.12.035.10.1016/j.tifs.2021.12.035872004835002078 Search in Google Scholar

Solomou, I., Constantinidou, F. (2020). Prevalence and predictors of anxiety and depression symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic and compliance with precautionary measures: Age and sex matter. Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health, 17 (14), 4924. http://www.pubmed.gov. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17144924.10.3390/ijerph17144924740037332650522 Search in Google Scholar

Vrublevska, J., Sibalova, A., Aleskere, I., Rezgale, B., Smirnova, D., Fountoulakis, K. N., Rancans, E. (2021). Factors related to depression, distress, and self-reported changes in anxiety, depression, and suicidal thoughts during the COVID-19 state of emergency in Latvia. Nordic J. Psychiatry, 75 (8), 614–623. http://www.pubmed.gov. DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2021.1919200.10.1080/08039488.2021.191920033969800 Search in Google Scholar

Wang, H., Xia, Q., Xiong, Z., Li, Z., Xiang, W., Yuan, Y., Liu, Y., Li, Z. (2020). The psychological distress and coping styles in the early stages of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic in the general mainland Chinese population: A web based survey. PLOS ONE, 15 (5), e0233410. http://www.pubmed.gov. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233410.10.1371/journal.pone.0233410722455332407409 Search in Google Scholar

Wolf, S., Seiffer, B., Zeibig, J. M., Welkerling, J., Brokmeier, L., Atrott, B., Ehring, T., Schuch, F. B. (2021). Is physical activity associated with less depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic? A rapid systematic review. Sports Med., 51 (8), 1771–1783. http://www.pubmed.gov. DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01468-z.10.1007/s40279-021-01468-z806090833886101 Search in Google Scholar

Suicide Worldwide in 2019: Global Health Estimates (2021). World Health Organization, Geneva. 35 pp. https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.MHSUICIDEASDR?lang=en (accessed 20 February 2020). Search in Google Scholar

Xiong, J., Lipsitz, O., Nasri, F., Lui, L.M., Gill, H., Phan, L., McIntyre, R.S., 2020. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general population: A systematic review. J. Affect. Disord., 277, 55–64. http://www.sciencedirect.com. DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.001.10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.001741384432799105 Search in Google Scholar

Zhai, L., Zhang, Y., Zhang, D. (2015). Sedentary behaviour and the risk of depression: a meta-analysis. Brit. J. Sports Med., 49, 705–709. http://www.pubmed.gov. DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2014-093613.10.1136/bjsports-2014-09361325183627 Search in Google Scholar