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Recent upgrading of the nanosecond pulse radiolysis setup and construction of laser flash photolysis setup at the Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology in Warsaw, Poland

Tomasz Szreder
Tomasz Szreder
   | 08 ott 2022
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Article Category: Technical Report
Pubblicato online: 08 ott 2022
Pagine: 49 - 64
Ricevuto: 28 lug 2022
Accettato: 16 ago 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/nuka-2022-0005
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© 2022 Tomasz Szreder, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1

Simplified diagram illustrating the operation principle of laser flash photolysis and pulse radiolysis with fast spectrophotometric detection.
Simplified diagram illustrating the operation principle of laser flash photolysis and pulse radiolysis with fast spectrophotometric detection.

Fig. 2

Pulse time duration recorded as the first derivative of a signal recorded at 700 nm for pulse-irradiated Ar-saturated water (solid black line); the Faraday cup signal (dashed red line), and the Cherenkov radiation recorded for pulse-irradiated Ar-saturated water at 390 nm (dotted green line).
Pulse time duration recorded as the first derivative of a signal recorded at 700 nm for pulse-irradiated Ar-saturated water (solid black line); the Faraday cup signal (dashed red line), and the Cherenkov radiation recorded for pulse-irradiated Ar-saturated water at 390 nm (dotted green line).

Fig. 3

Simplified scheme of the optical pathway of the PR system in the irradiation chamber (PR IC). S – sample; F150, F75 – lenses.
Simplified scheme of the optical pathway of the PR system in the irradiation chamber (PR IC). S – sample; F150, F75 – lenses.

Fig. 4

Optical characteristics of the cutoff filters BK-7 (solid line) and RG-5 (dash line) used in the automatic filter wheel in front of the MSH-301 monochromator. The dotted lines represent the first derivative of the transmittance T.
Optical characteristics of the cutoff filters BK-7 (solid line) and RG-5 (dash line) used in the automatic filter wheel in front of the MSH-301 monochromator. The dotted lines represent the first derivative of the transmittance T.

Fig. 5

Layout of the PR facility at the INCT.
Layout of the PR facility at the INCT.

Fig. 6

Simplified scheme of the network/communication core at the INCT PR system.
Simplified scheme of the network/communication core at the INCT PR system.

Fig. 7

Optical pathway of the monitoring light of the LFP system. S – sample; F150 – lenses.
Optical pathway of the monitoring light of the LFP system. S – sample; F150 – lenses.

Fig. 8

Simplified block diagram of the TSFF system communication.
Simplified block diagram of the TSFF system communication.

Fig. 9

Graphical user interface of the Digitizer application.
Graphical user interface of the Digitizer application.

Fig. 10

Algorithm of SGN(t) trace preprocessing. DetOffset is the detector offset value; ExtU(0) denotes the absolute value of the light level measured by the external device (so-called back-off system).
Algorithm of SGN(t) trace preprocessing. DetOffset is the detector offset value; ExtU(0) denotes the absolute value of the light level measured by the external device (so-called back-off system).

Fig. 11

Algorithm diagram of LIGHT(t) trace processing.
Algorithm diagram of LIGHT(t) trace processing.

Fig. 12

Algorithm diagram for calculation of optical absorption of the investigated system based on traces recorded by the oscilloscope. U(0) is the light level calculated based on the selected range of SGN(t) prepulse trace.
Algorithm diagram for calculation of optical absorption of the investigated system based on traces recorded by the oscilloscope. U(0) is the light level calculated based on the selected range of SGN(t) prepulse trace.

Fig. 13

Examples of advanced (left) and simplified (right) user interfaces of the DeviceCtrl application.
Examples of advanced (left) and simplified (right) user interfaces of the DeviceCtrl application.

Fig. 14

Advanced (left) and simplified (right) graphical user interface of Mnhr application.
Advanced (left) and simplified (right) graphical user interface of Mnhr application.

Fig. 15

User interface of the Sqnc application.
User interface of the Sqnc application.

Fig. 16

TSFF package batch script execution interface.
TSFF package batch script execution interface.

Fig. 17

The advanced data processing application (TSUC).
The advanced data processing application (TSUC).

List of available detectors at the INCT PR system

Model (Manufacturer) Spectral range (nm) Rise time/time resolution (ns) Comment
R955 (Hamamatsu) 160–900(1) Subnanoseconds(4) PMT detector
iSTAR A-DH720-18F-03 (Andor) 180–850(2) <5 ICCD detector
PDA10A (Thorlabs) 200–1100(3) 2.3 Silicon-amplified photodiode
APD430A2/M (Thorlabs) 200–1000(3) <0.88 UV-enhanced, silicon avalanche photodiode
PDA10CF (Thorlabs) 800–1700 2.3 InGaAs-amplified photodiode

Description of available gratings of the MSH-301 monochromator/spectrograph

ID Spectral range (nm) Blaze (nm) Lines (g/mm) Resolution per slit size (nm/mm) Comment
1 260–900 500 300 30 Intended for use with the ICCD detector; cutoff filters are required depending on the measurement range
2 250–525 350 1200 15 Dedicated for the PMT detector; recommended for wavelengths <525 nm; a BK-7 cutoff filter is required for wavelengths >415 nm
3 520–1200 750 1200 15 Dedicated for the PMT detector; recommended for wavelengths >525 nm; RG-5 filter is required for wavelengths >685 nm

Description of SpectraPro 275 monochromator gratings

ID Range of application (nm) Blaze (nm) Lines (g/mm) Resolution per slit size (nm/mm) Comment
1 200–310 250 1800 30 –
2 310–570 500 1200 10 BK-7 cutoff filter (or its equivalent) should be used at wavelengths >415 nm
3 550–1200 1000 600 20 RG-5 filter (or its equivalent) should be used at wavelengths >685 nm

Description of types of data time traces collected by Digitizer application

Type of trace Incident beam Monitoring light shutter Description
SGN(t) ON ON This trace carries the main information about the chemical/physical changes of the irradiated sample.
LIGHT(t) OFF ON Trace carries information about the shape of the monitoring light. It is optionally used to correct the resulting output for time-dependent monitoring of light fluctuations.
PULSE(t) ON OFF Response of the detection system on the incident beam pulse. Important for elimination of emission of sample from absorption output data.
NOISE(t) OFF OFF Response of detection system on electromagnetic noise generated due to triggering of high-energy incident pulse. In general, it is used for diagnostic purpose or automatic measurement of optical detector offset current. In some cases, it can be used to eliminate electromagnetic, reproducible noise from the detector output (if it is not possible to eliminate noise by hardware handling).
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