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Political parallelism in Iceland: Perceived media-politics relations

Birgir Guðmundsson
Birgir Guðmundsson
   | 26 mar 2021
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Pubblicato online: 26 mar 2021
Pagine: 53 - 69
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/nor-2021-0017
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© 2021 Birgir Guðmundsson, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Perceived degree of parallelism by candidates and votersComments: Findings based on voter's survey and five elections.
Perceived degree of parallelism by candidates and votersComments: Findings based on voter's survey and five elections.

Figure 2

Perceived parallelism by electionsComments: Candidates that score very high and rather high.
Perceived parallelism by electionsComments: Candidates that score very high and rather high.

Figure 3

Candidates who claim that a medium supports no one policy more than anotherComments: The figure shows the percentage of candidates in all five elections that say the relevant medium supports no one policy more than another. Two of the mediums asked about, Stundin and Kjarninn, are relatively new Internet-based media that are self-proclaimed as independent and focus heavily on politics. They were added to the surveys in the 2016 elections. RÚV, the state broadcasting service, is by far perceived the least ideologically biased, while the subscription daily Morgunblaðið is considered by almost everybody as ideologically slanted to the right.
Candidates who claim that a medium supports no one policy more than anotherComments: The figure shows the percentage of candidates in all five elections that say the relevant medium supports no one policy more than another. Two of the mediums asked about, Stundin and Kjarninn, are relatively new Internet-based media that are self-proclaimed as independent and focus heavily on politics. They were added to the surveys in the 2016 elections. RÚV, the state broadcasting service, is by far perceived the least ideologically biased, while the subscription daily Morgunblaðið is considered by almost everybody as ideologically slanted to the right.

Perceived parallelism (controlling for age and time of elections)

Unstandardised coefficients (B) Std. error Standardised coefficients (Beta) t Sig.
(Constant) 3.522 0.1 – 35.155 0
Bright Future −0.251 0.101 −0.105 −2.485 .013
Peoples Party 0.248 0.128 0.076 1.938 .053
Progressive Party 0.094 0.085 0.052 1.111 .267
Centre Party 0.234 0.143 0.062 1.635 .102
Pirate Party 0.02 0.097 0.009 0.208 .836
Alliance Party −0.433 0.103 −0.177 −4.208 0
Left Green Party −0.043 0.088 −0.022 −0.481 .631
Reconstruction Party −0.388 0.111 −0.144 −3.489 .001
Other parties 0.142 0.082 0.088 1.728 .084

j.nor-2021-0017.apptab.001

Unstandardised Coefficients (B) Std. Error Standardised Coefficients (Beta) t Sig.
Parliamentary elections, 2013 as reference
(Constant) 3.845 0.049 – 77.711 0
Parliament, 2016 −0.269 0.069 −0.171 −3.899 0
Parliament, 2017 −0.412 0.069 −0.259 −5.926 0
Municipal, 2014 −0.473 0.075 −0.268 −6.331 0
Municipal, 2018 −0.37 0.073 −0.218 −5.096 0
Parliamentary elections, 2016 as reference
(Constant) 3.576 0.048 – 74.214 0
Parliament, 2013 0.269 0.069 0.168 3.899 0
Parliament, 2017 −0.142 0.069 −0.09 −2.077 0.038
Municipal, 2014 −0.204 0.074 −0.115 −2.757 0.006
Municipal, 2018 −0.101 0.072 −0.059 −1.404 0.161
Parliamentary elections, 2017 as reference
(Constant) 3.433 0.049 – 70.436 0
Parliament, 2013 0.412 0.069 0.257 5.926 0
Municipal, 2014 −0.061 0.074 −0.035 −0.825 0.409
Municipal, 2018 0.042 0.072 0.025 0.577 0.564
Parliament, 2016 0.142 0.069 0.09 2.077 0.038
Municipal elections, 2014 as reference
(Constant) 3.372 0.056 – 60.262 0
Parliament, 2013 0.473 0.075 0.295 6.331 0
Municipal,2018 0.103 0.077 0.061 1.333 0.183
Parliament, 2016 0.204 0.074 0.129 2.757 0.006
Parliament, 2017 0.061 0.074 0.039 0.825 0.409
Municipal elections, 2018 as reference
(Constant) 3.475 0.053 – 65.383 0
Parliament, 2013 0.37 0.073 0.231 5.096 0
Parliament, 2016 0.101 0.072 0.064 1.404 0.161
Parliament, 2017 −0.042 0.072 −0.026 −0.577 0.564
Municipal, 2014 −0.103 0.077 −0.058 −1.333 0.183

Perceived parallelism in parties

Unstandardised coefficients (B) Std. error Standardised coefficients (Beta) t Sig.
(Constant) 3.33 0.086 – 38.627 0
Bright Future −0.459 0.262 −0.088 −1.753 .08
Progressive Party −0.112 0.131 −0.051 −0.854 .393
Alliance Party −0.428 0.183 −0.124 −2.333 .02
Left Green Party 0.248 0.177 0.075 1.401 .162
Pirate Party 0.065 0.109 0.039 0.597 .551
Other parties −0.068 0.155 −0.024 −0.437 .662
Excluded 0.025 0.12 0.013 0.213 .831

Comparison of perceived parallelism in elections

Unstandardised coefficients (B) Std. error Standardised coefficients (Beta) t Sig.
(Constant) 3.845 0.049 – 77.711 0
Parliament, 2016 −0.269 0.069 −0.171 −3.899 0
Parliament, 2017 −0.412 0.069 −0.259 −5.926 0
Municipal, 2014 −0.473 0.075 −0.268 −6.331 0
Municipal, 2018 −0.37 0.073 −0.218 −5.096 0

Voters’ views on media position

Media outlet F-ratio (df) Sig.
Fréttablaðið F (15; 514) = 5.760 .000
Morgunblaðið F (15; 524) = 10.758 .000
DV F (15; 496) = 5.294 .000
Viðskiptablaðið F (14; 370) = 2.097 .011
Fréttastofa RÚV F (15; 532) = 5.757 .000
Stöð2 / Bylgjan F (15; 506) = 2.238 .005

Candidate views on media position

Media outlet F-ratio (df) Sig.
Fréttablaðið F (9; 720) = 7.072 .00
Morgunblaðið F (9; 727) = 9.181 .00
DV F (9; 727) = 6.318 .00
Viðskiptablaðið F (9; 709) = 2.624 .05
RÚV F (9; 721) = 29.148 .00
Stöð 2/Bylgjan F (9; 719) = 9.375 .00
Kjarninn F (9; 438) = 10.813 .00
Stundin F (9; 439) = 5.087 .00
eISSN:
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Lingua:
Inglese
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