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Microstructure morphology and aging characteristics of 9% Cr martensitic heat-resistant steel after service

Zhang Kun

Zhang Kun

China Nuclear Energy Technology Co., Ltd.Beijing, China
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Kun, Zhang
, 
Cai Wenhe

Cai Wenhe

North China Electric Power Test and Research Institute, China Datang Group General Institute of Science and Technology Co., Ltd.Beijing, China
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Wenhe, Cai
, 
Wang Zhichun

Wang Zhichun

North China Electric Power Research Institute Co., Ltd.Beijing, China
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Zhichun, Wang
, 
Xin Chen

Xin Chen

China Nuclear Energy Technology Co., Ltd.Beijing, China
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Chen, Xin
, 
Fengyuan Shu

Fengyuan Shu

School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai, China
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Shu, Fengyuan
, 
Shi Yang

Shi Yang

Fire and Rescue InstituteBeijing,
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Yang, Shi
, 
Jianwei Wang

Jianwei Wang

Fire and Rescue InstituteBeijing,
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Wang, Jianwei
, 
Li Weili

Li Weili

North China Electric Power Test and Research Institute, China Datang Group General Institute of Science and Technology Co., Ltd.Beijing, China
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Weili, Li
 e 
Zhang Xin

Zhang Xin

Science and Technology Research Institute, State Power Investment CorporationBeijing, China
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Xin, Zhang
  
24 dic 2024
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Categoria dell'articolo: Research Article
Pubblicato online: 24 dic 2024
Pagine: 50 - 65
Ricevuto: 02 apr 2024
Accettato: 26 ott 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2024-0044
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© 2024 the Zhang Kun et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Metallographic morphology of P91 steel.
Metallographic morphology of P91 steel.

Figure 2

Metallographic morphology of P92 steel (laser confocal microscopy).
Metallographic morphology of P92 steel (laser confocal microscopy).

Figure 3

Microstructure morphology of P91 steel (SEM).
Microstructure morphology of P91 steel (SEM).

Figure 4

Microstructure morphology of P91 steel (TEM).
Microstructure morphology of P91 steel (TEM).

Figure 5

Polygonal and spherical M23C6.
Polygonal and spherical M23C6.

Figure 6

Strip-like M23C6.
Strip-like M23C6.

Figure 7

Spherical MX phase.
Spherical MX phase.

Figure 8

Cubic MX phase.
Cubic MX phase.

Figure 9

Short rod MX phase.
Short rod MX phase.

Figure 10

Martensite lath and dislocation entanglement.
Martensite lath and dislocation entanglement.

Figure 11

Microstructure of martensitic steel after 40,000 h of operation.
Microstructure of martensitic steel after 40,000 h of operation.

Figure 12

Microstructure of martensitic steel after 90,000 h of operation.
Microstructure of martensitic steel after 90,000 h of operation.

Figure 13

Microstructure of P91 steel with abnormal heat treatment.
Microstructure of P91 steel with abnormal heat treatment.

Figure 14

Laves phase in martensitic steel.
Laves phase in martensitic steel.

Figure 15

Microstructure of P91 sample as observed by a light microscope.
Microstructure of P91 sample as observed by a light microscope.

Figure 16

Microstructure of P91 sample under a laser confocal microscope.
Microstructure of P91 sample under a laser confocal microscope.

Figure 17

P92 abnormal metallographic structure of the pipeline.
P92 abnormal metallographic structure of the pipeline.

Figure 18

Abnormal growth of the precipitated phase in martensitic steel.
Abnormal growth of the precipitated phase in martensitic steel.

Figure 19

Ferrite appearing in martensitic steel.
Ferrite appearing in martensitic steel.

Figure 20

Disappearance of lath in martensitic steel.
Disappearance of lath in martensitic steel.

Figure 21

Burst P92 tissue creep hole.
Burst P92 tissue creep hole.

Figure 22

P91 metallographic structure after 60,000 h of operation.
P91 metallographic structure after 60,000 h of operation.

Figure 23

Metallographic structure of a P92 pipe.
Metallographic structure of a P92 pipe.

Figure 24

Metallographic structure of a P91 main steam pipe.
Metallographic structure of a P91 main steam pipe.

Chemical composition of P91 and P92 (mass fraction, %)_

Materials C Mn P S Si Cr Mo V Nb N Ni
P91 0.10 0.35 0.015 0.005 0.28 8.77 0.92 0.21 0.08 0.05 0.20

High-temperature endurance test results_

Item Temperature (°C) σ 1 × 10 5 t ° C {\sigma }_{1\times {10}^{5}}^{{}^{^\circ }\text{t}\text{C}} (MPa)
Reference value (GB5310) 540 166
Actual measured value 2# 540 95

Mechanical property test results at high temperature (600°C)_

Item R p0.2 (MPa) R m (MPa) A (%) Z (%)
Reference value (GB5310) ≥198 — — —
Actual measured value G3-1 220 305 35.0 89
G3-2 220 310 37.0 89

Mechanical property test results at room temperature_

Item R p0.2 (MPa) R m (MPa)
Reference value (GB5310) 415 585
Actual measured value 1# 283 560
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