Investigation of the mechanical, corrosion, and tribological characteristics of AZ61 Mg with boron carbide nano particles via the stir casting route

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The density of AZ61/B4C nanocomposites

Composites	Experimental densityg/cm3	Theoretical densityg/cm3	Porosity%
A (AZ61-Mg alloy)	1.785	1.790	1.38
B (AZ61 with 2.5wt% B4C)	1.801	1.824	1.24
C (AZ61 with 5wt% B4C)	1.814	1.831	1.18
D (AZ61 with 7.5wt% B4C)	1.826	1.840	1.07
E (AZ61 with 10wt% B4C)	1.830	1.848	1.04

Corrosion properties of the AZ61/B4C nanocomposites

Composites	Icorr(mA/cm2)	Ecorr(mV)	Corrosion rate(mils/yr)
A	0.0039751	−753.15	355.37
B	0.0032398	−856.25	338.70
C	0.0030175	−869.60	320.96
D	0.0021956	−916.36	220.47
E	0.0024096	−909.77	240.36

Grey relational grade response table

Level	Wt%	L (N)	SV (m/s)	SD (m)
1	4.469	5.954	5.017	4.925
2	5.003	6.024	5.417	5.363
3	3.659	4.974	5.478	5.913
4	7.921	4.099	5.139	4.851
Delta	4.262	1.925	0.46	1.062
Rank	1	2	4	3

Calculated S/N ratio as well as the normalized S/N ratio

S/N ratio for wear	S/N ratio for COF	Normalization for wear	Normalization for COF
41.5144	6.3391	0.874	0.000
42.3837	5.5803	0.786	0.177
41.2096	6.2138	0.905	0.029
40.2646	5.0207	1.000	0.307
46.1961	4.4805	0.401	0.433
42.4988	4.3505	0.775	0.463
43.4526	3.2862	0.678	0.711
42.0585	4.6272	0.819	0.399
50.1728	2.2252	0.000	0.959
46.9357	3.1603	0.327	0.741
45.8486	2.3495	0.436	0.930
43.3498	2.0475	0.689	1.000
50.1728	4.6569	0.000	0.392
48.1787	6.1431	0.201	0.046
46.3752	5.6632	0.383	0.157
46.0032	4.9437	0.421	0.325

ANOVA for Grey relational grade

Source	DF	Adj SS	Adj MS	F Value	P Value	Contribution %
Wt%	3	0.148176	0.049392	16.67	0.022	67.19
L (N)	3	0.045723	0.015241	5.14	0.106	20.73
SV (m/s)	3	0.001433	0.000478	0.16	0.916	0.65
SD (m)	3	0.016302	0.005434	1.83	0.315	7.39
Error	3	0.008889	0.002963
Total	15	0.220523

Tensile characteristics of AZ61/B4C nanocomposites

Composites	Ultimate tensile strength (MPa)	Yield strength (MPa)	Elongation (%)
A	158	101	10.4
B	166	114	8.6
C	178	126	6.8
D	194	138	5.6
E	182	129	6.0

Calculated deviation sequences for GRC and GRG

Deviation sequence for wear	Deviation sequence for COF	GRC for wear	GRC for COF	GRG	Rank
0.126	1.000	0.799	0.333	0.566	9
0.214	0.823	0.700	0.378	0.539	11
0.095	0.971	0.840	0.340	0.590	7
0.000	0.693	1.000	0.419	0.710	2
0.599	0.567	0.455	0.469	0.462	12
0.225	0.537	0.689	0.482	0.586	8
0.322	0.289	0.608	0.634	0.621	5
0.181	0.601	0.734	0.454	0.594	6
1.000	0.041	0.333	0.924	0.628	4
0.673	0.259	0.426	0.658	0.542	10
0.564	0.070	0.470	0.877	0.673	3
0.311	0.000	0.616	1.000	0.808	1
1.000	0.608	0.333	0.451	0.392	15
0.799	0.954	0.385	0.344	0.364	16
0.617	0.843	0.448	0.372	0.410	14
0.579	0.675	0.463	0.426	0.444	13

Experimental results

Exp. No.	Wt% B4C	L (N)	SV (m/s)	SD (m)	WR (mm3/m)	COF
1	0	4	1	400	0.0084	0.482
2	0	8	2	800	0.0076	0.526
3	0	12	3	1200	0.0087	0.489
4	0	16	4	1600	0.0097	0.561
5	2.5	4	2	1200	0.0049	0.597
6	2.5	8	1	1600	0.0075	0.606
7	2.5	12	4	400	0.00672	0.685
8	2.5	16	3	800	0.00789	0.587
9	5	4	3	1600	0.0031	0.774
10	5	8	4	1200	0.0045	0.695
11	5	12	1	800	0.0051	0.763
12	5	16	2	400	0.0068	0.79
13	7.5	4	4	800	0.0031	0.585
14	7.5	8	3	400	0.0039	0.493
15	7.5	12	2	1600	0.0048	0.521
16	7.5	16	1	1200	0.00501	0.566