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Investigation of the mechanical, corrosion, and tribological characteristics of AZ61 Mg with boron carbide nano particles via the stir casting route

S. Sakthi
S. Sakthi
, 
S. Mahendran
S. Mahendran
, 
M. Meignanamoorthy
M. Meignanamoorthy
 and 
V. Mohanavel
V. Mohanavel
   | Sep 19, 2023
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Published Online: Sep 19, 2023
Page range: 227 - 243
Received: Jan 28, 2023
Accepted: Jul 17, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2023-0019
Keywords
© 2023 S. Sakthi et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1.

Fabrication of AZ61/ B4C nanocomposites
Fabrication of AZ61/ B4C nanocomposites

Fig. 2.

SEM micrographs of nanocomposites of AZ61/B4C: (a) AZ61 alloy, (b) AZ61/2.5wt%B4C, (c) AZ61/5wt%B4C, (d) AZ61/7.5wt%B4C, (e) AZ61/10wt%B4C
SEM micrographs of nanocomposites of AZ61/B4C: (a) AZ61 alloy, (b) AZ61/2.5wt%B4C, (c) AZ61/5wt%B4C, (d) AZ61/7.5wt%B4C, (e) AZ61/10wt%B4C

Fig. 3.

EDS analysis of nanocomposites of AZ61/B4C: (a) AZ61 alloy, (b) AZ61/2.5wt%B4C, (c) AZ61/5wt%B4C, (d) AZ61/7.5wt%B4C, (e) AZ61/10wt%B4C
EDS analysis of nanocomposites of AZ61/B4C: (a) AZ61 alloy, (b) AZ61/2.5wt%B4C, (c) AZ61/5wt%B4C, (d) AZ61/7.5wt%B4C, (e) AZ61/10wt%B4C

Fig. 4.

AZ61/B4C nanocomposites and the hardness of their relationship
AZ61/B4C nanocomposites and the hardness of their relationship

Fig. 5.

(a) AZ61/B4C nanocomposites and the compressive strength of their relationship (b) stressstrain curve of AZ61/B4C nanocomposites
(a) AZ61/B4C nanocomposites and the compressive strength of their relationship (b) stressstrain curve of AZ61/B4C nanocomposites

Fig. 6.

AZ61/B4C nanocomposites and the impact strength of their relationship
AZ61/B4C nanocomposites and the impact strength of their relationship

Fig. 7.

AZ61/ B4C nanocomposites and the flexural strength of their relationship
AZ61/ B4C nanocomposites and the flexural strength of their relationship

Fig. 9.

Contour plot: wt% B4C vs. load
Contour plot: wt% B4C vs. load

Fig. 10.

Contour plot: wt% B4C vs. sliding distance
Contour plot: wt% B4C vs. sliding distance

Fig. 11.

Contour plot: wt% B4C vs. sliding velocity
Contour plot: wt% B4C vs. sliding velocity

Fig. 12.

Contour plot: wt% B4C vs. load
Contour plot: wt% B4C vs. load

Fig. 13.

Contour plot wt% B4C vs. sliding distance
Contour plot wt% B4C vs. sliding distance

Fig. 14.

Contour plot wt% B4C vs. sliding velocity
Contour plot wt% B4C vs. sliding velocity

Fig. 8.

AZ61/B4C nanocomposites and the corrosion behavior of their relationship
AZ61/B4C nanocomposites and the corrosion behavior of their relationship

Fig. 15.

Grey relational grade
Grey relational grade

Fig. 16.

Main effect plot for wear rate
Main effect plot for wear rate

Fig. 17.

Main effect plot for coefficient
Main effect plot for coefficient

Fig. 18.

Normal probability plot
Normal probability plot

The density of AZ61/B4C nanocomposites

Composites Experimental densityg/cm3 Theoretical densityg/cm3 Porosity%
A (AZ61-Mg alloy) 1.785 1.790 1.38
B (AZ61 with 2.5wt% B4C) 1.801 1.824 1.24
C (AZ61 with 5wt% B4C) 1.814 1.831 1.18
D (AZ61 with 7.5wt% B4C) 1.826 1.840 1.07
E (AZ61 with 10wt% B4C) 1.830 1.848 1.04

Corrosion properties of the AZ61/B4C nanocomposites

Composites Icorr(mA/cm2) Ecorr(mV) Corrosion rate(mils/yr)
A 0.0039751 −753.15 355.37
B 0.0032398 −856.25 338.70
C 0.0030175 −869.60 320.96
D 0.0021956 −916.36 220.47
E 0.0024096 −909.77 240.36

Grey relational grade response table

Level Wt% L (N) SV (m/s) SD (m)
1 4.469 5.954 5.017 4.925
2 5.003 6.024 5.417 5.363
3 3.659 4.974 5.478 5.913
4 7.921 4.099 5.139 4.851
Delta 4.262 1.925 0.46 1.062
Rank 1 2 4 3

Calculated S/N ratio as well as the normalized S/N ratio

S/N ratio for wear S/N ratio for COF Normalization for wear Normalization for COF
41.5144 6.3391 0.874 0.000
42.3837 5.5803 0.786 0.177
41.2096 6.2138 0.905 0.029
40.2646 5.0207 1.000 0.307
46.1961 4.4805 0.401 0.433
42.4988 4.3505 0.775 0.463
43.4526 3.2862 0.678 0.711
42.0585 4.6272 0.819 0.399
50.1728 2.2252 0.000 0.959
46.9357 3.1603 0.327 0.741
45.8486 2.3495 0.436 0.930
43.3498 2.0475 0.689 1.000
50.1728 4.6569 0.000 0.392
48.1787 6.1431 0.201 0.046
46.3752 5.6632 0.383 0.157
46.0032 4.9437 0.421 0.325

ANOVA for Grey relational grade

Source DF Adj SS Adj MS F Value P Value Contribution %
Wt% 3 0.148176 0.049392 16.67 0.022 67.19
L (N) 3 0.045723 0.015241 5.14 0.106 20.73
SV (m/s) 3 0.001433 0.000478 0.16 0.916 0.65
SD (m) 3 0.016302 0.005434 1.83 0.315 7.39
Error 3 0.008889 0.002963
Total 15 0.220523

Tensile characteristics of AZ61/B4C nanocomposites

Composites Ultimate tensile strength (MPa) Yield strength (MPa) Elongation (%)
A 158 101 10.4
B 166 114 8.6
C 178 126 6.8
D 194 138 5.6
E 182 129 6.0

Calculated deviation sequences for GRC and GRG

Deviation sequence for wear Deviation sequence for COF GRC for wear GRC for COF GRG Rank
0.126 1.000 0.799 0.333 0.566 9
0.214 0.823 0.700 0.378 0.539 11
0.095 0.971 0.840 0.340 0.590 7
0.000 0.693 1.000 0.419 0.710 2
0.599 0.567 0.455 0.469 0.462 12
0.225 0.537 0.689 0.482 0.586 8
0.322 0.289 0.608 0.634 0.621 5
0.181 0.601 0.734 0.454 0.594 6
1.000 0.041 0.333 0.924 0.628 4
0.673 0.259 0.426 0.658 0.542 10
0.564 0.070 0.470 0.877 0.673 3
0.311 0.000 0.616 1.000 0.808 1
1.000 0.608 0.333 0.451 0.392 15
0.799 0.954 0.385 0.344 0.364 16
0.617 0.843 0.448 0.372 0.410 14
0.579 0.675 0.463 0.426 0.444 13

Experimental results

Exp. No. Wt% B4C L (N) SV (m/s) SD (m) WR (mm3/m) COF
1 0 4 1 400 0.0084 0.482
2 0 8 2 800 0.0076 0.526
3 0 12 3 1200 0.0087 0.489
4 0 16 4 1600 0.0097 0.561
5 2.5 4 2 1200 0.0049 0.597
6 2.5 8 1 1600 0.0075 0.606
7 2.5 12 4 400 0.00672 0.685
8 2.5 16 3 800 0.00789 0.587
9 5 4 3 1600 0.0031 0.774
10 5 8 4 1200 0.0045 0.695
11 5 12 1 800 0.0051 0.763
12 5 16 2 400 0.0068 0.79
13 7.5 4 4 800 0.0031 0.585
14 7.5 8 3 400 0.0039 0.493
15 7.5 12 2 1600 0.0048 0.521
16 7.5 16 1 1200 0.00501 0.566
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