Influence of composition of curing agent and sand ratio of engineering excavated soil on mechanical properties of fluidized solidified soil

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Physical characteristics of engineering excavated soil

Type	Water content (%)	Density (g/cm3)	Liquid limit (%)	Plastic limit (%)	Plasticity index (%)
A	28.8	1.94	39.9	21.7	18.2
B	23.2	1.98	38.9	20.9	18.0
C	26.6	1.95	35.3	20.6	14.7

Basic properties of fly ash

Fineness (%)	Chloride ion content (%)	Water demand ratio (%)	Loss on ignition (%)	Sulfur trioxide (%)	Water content (%)
19.8	0.014	102	2.38	0.79	0.11

Mixing ratio of the fluidized solidified soil

Number	Type of soil	Soil (kg)	Cement (kg)	Fly ash (kg)	Quicklime (kg)	Water (kg)	Slump (kg)
A-1	A	800	60	60	0	736	240
A-2	A	800	60	45	15	736	235
A-3	A	800	60	30	30	736	220
A-4	A	800	60	15	45	736	190
A-5	A	800	60	0	60	736	180
B-1	B	800	60	20	30	400	220
C-1	C	800	60	30	30	294	220

Mass ratio (kg) and corresponding raw material carbon emission factor used in carbon emission calculation of different backfill materials [28–32]

Backfill materials	Clay	Quicklime	Cement	Fly ash	Sand	Aggregate	Water	Water reducer	Foaming agent	Excavated soil
Lime-soil	1120	360
C15 plain concrete			168	82	840	1170	160	2.5
Foamed concrete			332		812		358		0.23
Fluidized solidified soil		48	72	24			598			958
Carbon emission factor (kg CO2e/t)	2.69	1190	735	8	2.51	2.18	0.168	28	1950	1.0

Chemical composition of cement (wt%)

Materials	CaO	SiO2	Al2O3	Fe2O3	MgO	SO3	Alkali content	Loss
Cement	59.09	22.82	6.98	2.25	2.33	2.27	0.70	3.08