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New dataset on income support in Poland’s rural areas

Jan Fałkowski
Jan Fałkowski
 e 
Piotr Wójcik
Piotr Wójcik
   | 30 apr 2024
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INFORMAZIONI SU QUESTO ARTICOLO
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Pubblicato online: 30 apr 2024
Pagine: 54 - 65
Ricevuto: 12 giu 2023
Accettato: 25 mar 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2023-0031
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© 2024 Jan Fałkowski et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure A1.

Histogram of total payments below PLN 1,000 for the period 2014–2021
Histogram of total payments below PLN 1,000 for the period 2014–2021

Summary statistics of total payments (based on rural municipalities and individual beneficiaries with total payments of at least PLN 750) – country level

Statistic 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
no. of obs. 729,536 730,897 713,962 708,029 687,517 678,698 673,242 669,220
min (PLN) 750 750 750 750 750 751 750 751
max (PLN) 13.76 mln 7.08 mln 17.75 mln 2.75 mln 5.02 mln 3.29 mln 5.04 mln 5.00 mln
mean (PLN) 12,564 14,439 12,956 12,324 13,624 13,842 15,585 17,472
median (PLN) 5,876 6,276 5,663 5,605 5,613 5,583 5,900 6,117
Theil 0.828 0.912 0.830 0.756 0.855 0.883 0.912 0.932
Gini 0.612 0.637 0.627 0.612 0.639 0.645 0.660 0.671
Atkinson 0.502 0.532 0.527 0.507 0.543 0.551 0.572 0.592
sd of log 1.083 1.104 1.147 1.131 1.173 1.180 1.213 1.260
q90/10 16.857 16.072 20.109 19.849 22.148 22.538 24.767 28.670
q95/05 29.683 34.407 39.613 38.109 42.918 43.689 47.812 52.668
q75/25 4.784 4.628 5.444 5.401 5.635 5.710 5.918 6.556
q99/01 135.849 152.757 128.961 111.724 135.814 141.373 172.507 190.820
q90/50 4.454 4.303 5.035 5.059 5.600 5.693 6.183 7.032
q50/10 3.785 3.736 3.994 3.924 3.955 3.959 4.005 4.077
share top 1% 17.8% 18.5% 15.8% 14.0% 16.5% 17.2% 16.6% 16.1%
share top 10% 49.6% 53.3% 49.8% 47.7% 50.7% 51.4% 53.2% 53.5%
share bottom 1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0%
share bottom 10% 1.0% 0.9% 0.9% 0.9% 0.8% 0.8% 0.7% 0.7%

The biggest changes in the Gini coefficient between 2014 and 2021 in rural municipalities, based on direct payments to non-institutional beneficiaries (total payments > PLN 750, municipalities with > 100 beneficiaries)

TERYT Name of municipality Gini 2014 Gini 2021 Change
10 largest decreases 3020052 Gołuchów 0.813 0.652 −0.161
2417062 Lipowa 0.601 0.475 −0.126
1406032 Chynów 0.753 0.630 −0.123
1417072 Sobienie-Jeziory 0.759 0.640 −0.119
1215082 Zawoja 0.583 0.468 −0.116
1403132 Wilga 0.750 0.661 −0.089
1418052 Prażmów 0.719 0.631 −0.088
3026012 Brodnica 0.658 0.571 −0.087
2404072 Konopiska 0.782 0.695 −0.087
2604172 Sitkówka-Nowiny 0.608 0.522 −0.087
10 largest increases 1425072 Kowala 0.549 0.832 0.283
1207062 Laskowa 0.388 0.636 0.248
1201042 Lipnica Murowana 0.486 0.726 0.240
1005032 Chąśno 0.411 0.643 0.232
2611022 Brody 0.452 0.681 0.230
1209052 Raciechowice 0.451 0.662 0.211
2417132 Świnna 0.467 0.676 0.209
1206042 Jerzmanowice-Przeginia 0.449 0.657 0.208
2601052 Solec-Zdrój 0.514 0.715 0.202
1816072 Hyżne 0.447 0.641 0.194

TERYT codes of pairs of neighbouring urban/rural municipalities with the same name

Municipality Urban Rural
Aleksandrów Kujawski 0401011 0401042
Augustów 2001011 2001022
Bartoszyce 2801011 2801032
Bełchatów 1001011 1001022
Biała Podlaska 0661011 0601032
Białogard 3201011 3201022
Bielsk Podlaski 2003011 2003032
Biłgoraj 0602011 0602032
Bochnia 1201011 1201022
Bolesławiec 0201011 0201022
Braniewo 2802011 2802022
Brańsk 2003021 2003052
Brodnica 0402011 0402032
Brzeziny 1021011 1021022
Chełm 0662011 0603032
Chełmno 0404011 0404022
Chełmża 0415011 0415022
Chodzież 3001011 3001032
Chojnice 2202011 2202032
Chojnów 0209011 0209022
Ciechanów 1402011 1402022
Czarnków 3002011 3002022
Człuchów 2203011 2203032
Darłowo 3213011 3213032
Dębica 1803011 1803042
Dynów 1816011 1816052
Działdowo 2803011 2803022
Dzierżoniów 0202021 0202052
Elbląg 2861011 2804012
Ełk 2805011 2805022
Garwolin 1403011 1403042
Giżycko 2806011 2806042
Głogów 0203011 0203022
Głowno 1020011 1020052
Gniezno 3003011 3003032
Golub-Dobrzyń 0405011 0405032
Gorlice 1205011 1205042
Gostynin 1404011 1404022
Górowo Iławeckie 2801021 2801052
Grajewo 2004011 2004022
Grudziądz 0462011 0406012
Grybów 1210011 1210042
Gubin 0802011 802052
Hajnówka 2005011 2005062
Hrubieszów 0604011 0604042
Iława 2807011 2807032
Inowrocław 0407011 0407042
Jarosław 1804011 1804042
Jasło 1805011 1805042
Jordanów 1215011 1215052
Kamienna Góra 0207011 0207022
Kętrzyn 2808011 2808032
Kłodzko 0208021 0208072
Kolno 2006011 2006032
Koło 3009011 3009072
Kołobrzeg 3208011 3208042
Kościan 3011011 3011032
Kościerzyna 2206011 2206042
Kowal 0418011 0418092
Krasnystaw 0606011 0606052
Kraśnik 0607011 0607052
Kutno 1002011 1002062
Kwidzyn 2207011 2207032
Leżajsk 1808011 1808042
Lidzbark Warmiński 2809011 2809032
Limanowa 1207011 1207072
Lipno 0408011 0408062
Lubaczów 1809011 1809042
Lubań 0210011 0210042
Lubartów 0608011 0608072
Lubawa 2807021 2807052
Lubin 0211011 0211022
Łańcut 1810011 1810042
Łaskarzew 1403021 1403062
Łęczyca 1004011 1004052
Łomża 2062011 2007022
Łowicz 1005011 1005072
Łuków 0611011 0611052
Malbork 2209011 2209042
Mielec 1811011 1811052
Międzyrzec Podlaski 0601011 0601102
Mińsk Mazowiecki 1412011 1412112
Mrągowo 2810011 2810032
Mszana Dolna 1207021 1207092
Nowa Ruda 0208041 0208112
Nowa Sól 0804011 0804052
Nowe Miasto Lubawskie 2812011 2812052
Nowy Targ 1211011 1211092
Obrzycko 3024011 3024042
Oleśnica 0214011 0214062
Oława 0215011 0215042
Ostróda 2815011 2815092
Ostrów Mazowiecka 1416011 1416072
Ostrów Wielkopolski 3017011 3017042
Ozorków 1020021 1020062
Pabianice 1008021 1008072
Pionki 1425011 1425082
Płońsk 1420011 1420092
Pruszcz Gdański 2204011 2204042
Przasnysz 1422011 1422072
Przemyśl 1862011 1813082
Przeworsk 1814011 1814062
Puck 2211031 2211072
Puławy 0614011 0614092
Raciąż 1420021 1420102
Radomsko 1012011 1012122
Radymno 1804021 1804082
Radziejów 0411011 0411062
Radzyń Podlaski 0615011 0615062
Rawa Mazowiecka 1013011 1013042
Słupsk/Redzikowo 2263011 2212082
Rejowiec Fabryczny 0603011 0603082
Rypin 0412011 0412042
Sanok 1817011 1817052
Sejny 2009011 2009052
Siedlce 1464011 1426082
Siemiatycze 2010011 2010092
Sieradz 1014011 1014082
Sierpc 1427011 1427052
Skierniewice 1063011 1015082
Skórcz 2213021 2213102
Sławno 3213021 1007072
Słupca 3023011 3023062
Sochaczew 1428011 1428072
Sokołów Podlaski 1429011 1429082
Stargard 3214011 3214102
Starogard Gdański 2213031 2213122
Stoczek Łukowski 0611021 0611082
Suwałki 2063011 2012072
Szczecinek 3215011 3215062
Szczytno 2817011 2817062
Świdnica 219011 219072
Świdwin 3216011 3216062
Tarnów 1263011 1216092
Tczew 2214011 2214062
Terespol 0601021 0601162
Tomaszów Lubelski 0618011 0618112
Tomaszów Mazowiecki 1016011 1016092
Turek 3027011 3027082
Ustka 2212011 2212102
Wałcz 3217011 3217052
Wąbrzeźno/Ryńsk 0417011 0417052
Wągrowiec 3028011 3028072
Wejherowo 2215031 2215102
Włocławek 0464011 0418132
Włodawa 0619011 0619062
Wysokie Mazowieckie 2013011 2013102
Zambrów 2014011 2014052
Zamość 0664011 0620142
Zduńska Wola 1019011 1019042
Zgierz 1020031 1020092
Zgorzelec 0225021 0225072
Złotoryja 0226021 0226062
Złotów 3031011 3031082
Żagań 0810021 0810092
Żary 0811021 0811102

Average and median total payments and single area payments by year and type of beneficiary (for total payments of not less than PLN 750; rural municipalities only)

Type Year Average total payment (PLN) Median total payment (PLN) % Receiving single area payments Average single area payment (PLN) Median single area payment (PLN)
Individual farmers 2014 12,564.37 5,876.29 94% 8,068.39 4,408.89
2015 14,438.64 6,275.89 94% 8,924.12 4,800.28
2016 23,111.17 13,703.34 92% 14,307.21 9,582.33
2017 20,953.64 12,881.24 94% 13,895.78 9,275.02
2018 22,772.81 12,876.52 97% 13,579.06 8,951.87
2019 22,434.67 12,292.40 98% 13,365.31 8,705.32
2020 24,521.88 12,524.77 98% 13,526.19 8,680.80
2021 26,834.20 13,106.54 97% 13,420.43 8,574.87
Small farmers 2016 3,176.42 2,576.78 100% 2,495.97 2,206.84
2017 3,000.12 2,599.94 100% 2,528.20 2,231.51
2018 3,156.97 2,558.08 100% 2,491.52 2,190.55
2019 3,073.93 2,510.09 100% 2,451.04 2,148.63
2020 3,336.57 2,601.71 100% 2,493.17 2,183.26
2021 3,503.80 2,610.95 100% 2,505.27 2,192.02
Institutional farmers 2014 358,385.50 50,661.73 45% 156,280.51 13,279.74
2015 376,394.86 71,793.19 42% 156,111.07 12,614.01
2016 419,455.13 148,748.05 53% 176,139.70 56,568.09
2017 144,829.82 18,519.16 40% 171,014.03 51,770.90
2018 333,602.93 108,638.00 63% 164,682.63 44,243.18
2019 381,143.53 124,063.96 54% 161,612.76 41,823.51
2020 349,188.61 116,636.81 60% 160,903.89 39,930.64
2021 297,782.05 100,000.00 63% 156,739.69 37,465.25

Number of beneficiaries of CAP payments by year and type (for total payments of not less than PLN 750)

Year Individual farmers Small farmers Institutional farmers All beneficiaries % Institutional % Institutional in the value of total payments
2014 1,411,568 – 15,223 1,426,791 1.1% 23.8%
2015 1,416,227 – 17,863 1,434,090 1.2% 25.3%
2016 642,091 745,924 10,039 1,398,054 0.7% 20.5%
2017 678,342 698,073 12,082 1,388,497 0.9% 10.6%
2018 679,864 655,660 8,887 1,344,411 0.7% 13.9%
2019 705,701 619,315 10,150 1,335,166 0.8% 17.2%
2020 727,453 573,771 9,324 1,310,548 0.7% 13.4%
2021 750,524 541,825 9,214 1,301,563 0.7% 11.7%

Gini of total payments by year and voivodeship (based on rural municipalities and individual beneficiaries with total payments of at least PLN 750)

Voivodeship Year
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Poland 0.612 0.637 0.627 0.612 0.639 0.645 0.660 0.671
Dolnośląskie 0.681 0.684 0.678 0.686 0.706 0.709 0.713 0.719
Kujawsko-pomorskie 0.583 0.611 0.586 0.580 0.605 0.610 0.617 0.628
Lubelskie 0.577 0.611 0.583 0.575 0.616 0.620 0.648 0.652
Lubuskie 0.724 0.743 0.721 0.714 0.722 0.726 0.722 0.723
Łódzkie 0.535 0.584 0.545 0.539 0.583 0.581 0.604 0.615
Małopolskie 0.565 0.608 0.568 0.544 0.606 0.602 0.633 0.658
Mazowieckie 0.565 0.581 0.570 0.536 0.559 0.582 0.595 0.618
Opolskie 0.663 0.693 0.672 0.660 0.684 0.682 0.687 0.705
Podkarpackie 0.625 0.609 0.596 0.595 0.630 0.624 0.652 0.669
Podlaskie 0.477 0.513 0.492 0.514 0.534 0.529 0.554 0.566
Pomorskie 0.618 0.662 0.630 0.611 0.629 0.640 0.644 0.648
Śląskie 0.661 0.682 0.651 0.645 0.684 0.670 0.694 0.695
Świętokrzyskie 0.577 0.598 0.628 0.536 0.605 0.589 0.633 0.637
Warmińsko-mazurskie 0.595 0.601 0.588 0.598 0.606 0.609 0.621 0.619
Wielkopolskie 0.594 0.638 0.634 0.589 0.604 0.626 0.641 0.653
Zachodniopomorskie 0.682 0.710 0.684 0.672 0.684 0.686 0.701 0.705
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