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Chemical coding of piglets small intestine neurons after prenatal exposure to β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate

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19 apr 2025
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Fig. 1.

Prenatal effect of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation on the area occupied by cocaine-and-amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART)-immunoreactive (IR), substance P (SP)-IR, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-IR, and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-IR nerve fibres in the muscular layer of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum (a, b and c), the submucosa of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum (d, e and f), and the mucosa of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum (g, h and i) in newborn piglets prenatally supplemented with HMB and control piglets. * – significant difference between the control and HMB groups at P-value < 0.05; ** – at P-value < 0.01; *** – at P-value < 0.001
Prenatal effect of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation on the area occupied by cocaine-and-amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART)-immunoreactive (IR), substance P (SP)-IR, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-IR, and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-IR nerve fibres in the muscular layer of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum (a, b and c), the submucosa of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum (d, e and f), and the mucosa of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum (g, h and i) in newborn piglets prenatally supplemented with HMB and control piglets. * – significant difference between the control and HMB groups at P-value < 0.05; ** – at P-value < 0.01; *** – at P-value < 0.001

Fig. 2.

Representative photomicrographs of the immunohistochemical reactions for cocaine-and-amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) (A and B), substance P (SP) (C and D), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) (E and F) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) (G and H) in the duodenum (A, B, E and F) and jejunum (C, D, G and H) of control (A, C, E and G) and prenatally HMB-exposed (B, D, F and H) piglets. Arrow – positive reaction. Scale bar = 200 μm
Representative photomicrographs of the immunohistochemical reactions for cocaine-and-amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) (A and B), substance P (SP) (C and D), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) (E and F) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) (G and H) in the duodenum (A, B, E and F) and jejunum (C, D, G and H) of control (A, C, E and G) and prenatally HMB-exposed (B, D, F and H) piglets. Arrow – positive reaction. Scale bar = 200 μm

Primary and secondary antibodies used in the study

Antibody Host Catalogue number Dilution Manufacturer
Primary antibody
anti-VIP rabbit ab22736 1:400 Abcam Limited, Cambridge, UK
anti-CART rabbit H-003-62 1:2,000 Phoenix Pharmaceuticals, Burlingame, CA, USA
anti-nNOS rabbit 160870 1:200 Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
anti-SP mouse ab14184 1:1,000 Abcam Limited, Cambridge, UK
Secondary antibody
anti-mouse/anti-rabbit goat DPVB-HRP RTU ImmunoLogic, Duiven, the Netherlands
Lingua:
Inglese
Frequenza di pubblicazione:
4 volte all'anno
Argomenti della rivista:
Scienze biologiche, Biologia molecolare, Microbiologia e virologia, Scienze della vita, altro, Medicina, Medicina veterinaria