A new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serological diagnosis of seal parapoxvirus infection in marine mammals

1Abe E., Ohishi K., Ishinazaka T., Fujii K., Maruyama T.: Serologic evidence of Brucella infection in pinnipeds along the coast of Hokkaido, the northernmost main island of Japan. Microbiol Immunol 2017, 61, 114–122, doi: 10.1111/13480421.12474.Abe E. Ohishi K. Ishinazaka T. Fujii K. Maruyama T. Serologic evidence of Brucella infection in pinnipeds along the coast of Hokkaido, the northernmost main island of Japan Microbiol Immunol 2017 61 114 122 10.1111/13480421.12474Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

2Becher P., Konig M., Muller G., Siebert U., Thiel H.J.: Characterization of sealpox virus, a separate member of the parapoxviruses. Arch Virol 2002, 147, 1133–1140, doi: 10.1007/s00705-002-0804-8.Becher P. Konig M. Muller G. Siebert U. Thiel H.J. Characterization of sealpox virus, a separate member of the parapoxviruses Arch Virol 2002 147 1133 1140 10.1007/s00705-002-0804-812111424Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

3Beineke A., Siebert U., van Elk N., Baumgärtner W.: Development of a lymphocyte-transformation-assay for peripheral blood lymphocytes of the harbor porpoise and detection of cytokines using the reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2004, 98, 59–68, doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2003.10.002.Beineke A. Siebert U. van Elk N. Baumgärtner W. Development of a lymphocyte-transformation-assay for peripheral blood lymphocytes of the harbor porpoise and detection of cytokines using the reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2004 98 59 68 10.1016/j.vetimm.2003.10.00215127842Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

4Blanchet M.A., Godfroid J., Breines E.M., Heide-Jørgensen M.P., Nielsen N.H., Hasselmeier I., Iversen M., Jensen S.K., Åsbakk K.: West Greenland harbour porpoises assayed for antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii: False positives with the direct agglutination method. Dis Aquat Organ 2014, 108, 181–186, doi: 10.3354/dao02715.Blanchet M.A. Godfroid J. Breines E.M. Heide-Jørgensen M.P. Nielsen N.H. Hasselmeier I. Iversen M. Jensen S.K. Åsbakk K. West Greenland harbour porpoises assayed for antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii: False positives with the direct agglutination method Dis Aquat Organ 2014 108 181 186 10.3354/dao0271524695231Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

5Bossart G.D.: Marine mammals as sentinel species for oceans and human health. Vet Pathol 2010, 48, 676–690, doi: 10.1177/0300985810388525.Bossart G.D. Marine mammals as sentinel species for oceans and human health Vet Pathol 2010 48 676 690 10.1177/030098581038852521160025Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

6Bossart G.D., Duignan P.J.: Emerging viruses in marine mammals. Cab Rev: Perspect Agric Vet Sci Nutr Nat Resour 2018, 13, 1–17, doi: 10.1079/PAVSNNR201813052.Bossart G.D. Duignan P.J. Emerging viruses in marine mammals Cab Rev: Perspect Agric Vet Sci Nutr Nat Resour 2018 13 1 17 10.1079/PAVSNNR201813052Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

7Bracht A.J., Brudek R.L., Ewing R.Y., Manire C.A., Burek K.A., Rosa C., Beckmen K.B., Maruniak J.E., Romero C.H.: Genetic identification of novel poxviruses of cetaceans and pinnipeds. Arch Virol 2006, 151, 423–438, doi: 10.1007/s00705-005-0679-6.Bracht A.J. Brudek R.L. Ewing R.Y. Manire C.A. Burek K.A. Rosa C. Beckmen K.B. Maruniak J.E. Romero C.H. Genetic identification of novel poxviruses of cetaceans and pinnipeds Arch Virol 2006 151 423 438 10.1007/s00705-005-0679-616328132Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

8Clark C., McIntyre P.G., Evans A., McInnes C.J., Lewis-Jones S.: Human sealpox resulting from a seal bite: Confirmation that sealpox virus is zoonotic. Br J Dermatol 2005, 152, 791–793, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06451.x.Clark C. McIntyre P.G. Evans A. McInnes C.J. Lewis-Jones S. Human sealpox resulting from a seal bite: Confirmation that sealpox virus is zoonotic Br J Dermatol 2005 152 791 793 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06451.x15840117Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

9Colegrove K.M., Burek-Huntington K.A., Roe W., Siebert U.: Chapter 23, Pinnipediae. In: Pathology of Wildlife and Zoo Animals, edited by K.A. Terio, D. McAloose, J. St. Leger. Academic Press, San Diego, 2018, pp 569–592, doi: 10.1016/C2015-0-01586-6.Colegrove K.M. Burek-Huntington K.A. Roe W. Siebert U. Chapter 23, Pinnipediae Pathology of Wildlife and Zoo Animals, edited by K.A. Terio, D. McAloose, J. St. Leger Academic Press San Diego 2018 569 592 10.1016/C2015-0-01586-6Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

10Das K., Siebert U., Gillet A., Dupont A., Di-Poï C., Fonfara S., Mazzucchelli G., De Pauw E., De Pauw-Gillet M.-C.: Mercury immune toxicity in harbour seals: links to in vitro toxicity. Environ Health 2008, 7, 52, doi: 10.1186/1476-069X-7-52.Das K. Siebert U. Gillet A. Dupont A. Di-Poï C. Fonfara S. Mazzucchelli G. De Pauw E. De Pauw-Gillet M.-C. Mercury immune toxicity in harbour seals: links to in vitro toxicity Environ Health 2008 7 52 10.1186/1476-069X-7-52260063518959786Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

11Friederichs S., Krebs S., Blum H., Lang H., Büttner M.: Parapoxvirus (PPV) of red deer reveals subclinical infection and confirms a unique species. J Gen Virol 2015, 96, 1446–1462, doi: 10.1099/vir.0.000080.Friederichs S. Krebs S. Blum H. Lang H. Büttner M. Parapoxvirus (PPV) of red deer reveals subclinical infection and confirms a unique species J Gen Virol 2015 96 1446 1462 10.1099/vir.0.000080Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

12Günther T., Haas L., Alawi M., Wohlsein P., Marks J., Grundhoff A., Becher P., Fischer N.: Recovery of the first full-length genome sequence of a parapoxvirus directly from a clinical sample. Sci Rep 2017, 7, 3734, doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-03997-y.Günther T. Haas L. Alawi M. Wohlsein P. Marks J. Grundhoff A. Becher P. Fischer N. Recovery of the first full-length genome sequence of a parapoxvirus directly from a clinical sample Sci Rep 2017 7 3734 10.1038/s41598-017-03997-yOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar

13Husain M., Moss B.: Vaccinia virus F13L protein with a conserved phospholipase catalytic motif induces colocalization of the B5R envelope glycoprotein in post-Golgi vesicles. J Virol 2001, 75, 7528–7542, doi: 10.1128/jvi.75.16.7528-7542.2001.Husain M. Moss B. Vaccinia virus F13L protein with a conserved phospholipase catalytic motif induces colocalization of the B5R envelope glycoprotein in post-Golgi vesicles J Virol 2001 75 7528 7542 10.1128/jvi.75.16.7528-7542.2001Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

14Inoshima Y., Shimizu S., Minamoto N., Hirai K., Sentsui H.: Use of protein AG in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for screening for antibodies against parapoxvirus in wild animals in Japan. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 1999, 6, 388–391, doi: 10.1128/CDLI.6.3.388-391.1999.Inoshima Y. Shimizu S. Minamoto N. Hirai K. Sentsui H. Use of protein AG in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for screening for antibodies against parapoxvirus in wild animals in Japan Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 1999 6 388 391 10.1128/CDLI.6.3.388-391.1999Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

15Inoshima Y., Yamamoto Y., Takahashi T., Shino M., Katsumi A., Shimizu S., Sentsui H.: Serological survey of parapoxvirus infection in wild ruminants in Japan in 1996–9. Epidemiol Infect 2001, 126, 153–156, doi: 10.1017/S0950268801005131.Inoshima Y. Yamamoto Y. Takahashi T. Shino M. Katsumi A. Shimizu S. Sentsui H. Serological survey of parapoxvirus infection in wild ruminants in Japan in 1996–9 Epidemiol Infect 2001 126 153 156 10.1017/S0950268801005131Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

16International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Virus Taxonomy: The ICTV Report (10th report) on Virus Classification and Taxon Nomenclature, 2019. https://talk.ictvonline.org/taxonomy.International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Virus Taxonomy The ICTV Report (10th report) on Virus Classification and Taxon Nomenclature 2019 https://talk.ictvonline.org/taxonomySearch in Google Scholar

17Khalafalla A.I., Büttner M., Rziha H.-J.: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for rapid diagnosis and differentiation of parapoxvirus and orthopoxvirus infections in camels. In: Applications of Gene-Based Technologies for Improving Animal Production and Health in Developing Countries, edited by H.P.S. Makkar, G.J. Viljoen, Springer, Dordrecht, 2005, pp 735–742, doi: 10.1007/1-4020-3312-5_59.Khalafalla A.I. Büttner M. Rziha H.-J. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for rapid diagnosis and differentiation of parapoxvirus and orthopoxvirus infections in camels Applications of Gene-Based Technologies for Improving Animal Production and Health in Developing Countries edited by Makkar H.P.S. Viljoen G.J. Springer, Dordrecht 2005 735 742 10.1007/1-4020-3312-5_59Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

18Kimura T., Fukuma A., Shimojima M., Yamashita Y., Mizota F., Yamashita M., Otsuka Y., Kan M., Fukushi S., Tani H., Taniguchi S., Ogata M., Kurosu T., Morikawa S., Saijo M., Shinomiya H.: Seroprevalence of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) virus antibodies in humans and animals in Ehime prefecture, Japan, an endemic region of SFTS. J Infect Chemother 2018, 24, 802–806, doi: 10.1016/j.jiac.2018.06.007.Kimura T. Fukuma A. Shimojima M. Yamashita Y. Mizota F. Yamashita M. Otsuka Y. Kan M. Fukushi S. Tani H. Taniguchi S. Ogata M. Kurosu T. Morikawa S. Saijo M. Shinomiya H. Seroprevalence of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) virus antibodies in humans and animals in Ehime prefecture, Japan, an endemic region of SFTS J Infect Chemother 2018 24 802 806 10.1016/j.jiac.2018.06.007Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

19Kohyama K., Nakajima M., Hashimoto A., Okada K.: Poxvirus infection in bottle-nosed dolphins, Tursiops truncatus and Pacific white-sided dolphins, Lagenorhynchus obliquidens (in Japanese). J Jpn Assoc Zoo Aqua 2010, 50, 9–14.Kohyama K. Nakajima M. Hashimoto A. Okada K. Poxvirus infection in bottle-nosed dolphins, Tursiops truncatus and Pacific white-sided dolphins, Lagenorhynchus obliquidens (in Japanese) J Jpn Assoc Zoo Aqua 2010 50 9 14Search in Google Scholar

20Kuroda Y., Yoshida M., Shibahara T., Matsui T., Nakane T., Hara H., Inoshima Y., Sentsui H.: An epidemic of parapoxvirus infection among cattle: Isolation and antibody survey. J Vet Med Sci 1999, 61, 749–753, doi: 10.1292/jvms.61.749.Kuroda Y. Yoshida M. Shibahara T. Matsui T. Nakane T. Hara H. Inoshima Y. Sentsui H. An epidemic of parapoxvirus infection among cattle: Isolation and antibody survey J Vet Med Sci 1999 61 749 753 10.1292/jvms.61.749Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

21Lowry O.H., Rosebrough N.J., Farr A.L., Randall R.J.: Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 1951, 193, 265–275, doi: 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)52451-6.Lowry O.H. Rosebrough N.J. Farr A.L. Randall R.J. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent J Biol Chem 1951 193 265 275 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)52451-6Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

22Lundu T., Yoshii K., Kobayashi S., Morikawa S., Tsubota T., Misawa N., Hayasaka D., Kariwa H.: Serological survey of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus infection in Sika deer and rodents in Japan. Jpn J Vet Res 2018, 66, 21–28, doi: 10.14943/jjvr.66.1.21.Lundu T. Yoshii K. Kobayashi S. Morikawa S. Tsubota T. Misawa N. Hayasaka D. Kariwa H. Serological survey of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus infection in Sika deer and rodents in Japan Jpn J Vet Res 2018 66 21 28 10.14943/jjvr.66.1.21Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

23Maeda K., Yasumoto S., Tsuruda A., Andoh K., Kai K., Otoi T., Matsumura T.: Establishment of a novel equine cell line for isolation and propagation of equine herpesviruses. J Vet Med Sci 2007, 69, 989–991, doi: 10.1292/jvms.69.989.Maeda K. Yasumoto S. Tsuruda A. Andoh K. Kai K. Otoi T. Matsumura T. Establishment of a novel equine cell line for isolation and propagation of equine herpesviruses J Vet Med Sci 2007 69 989 991 10.1292/jvms.69.989Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

24Müller G., Gröters S., Siebert U., Rosenberger T., Driver J., König M., Becher P., Hetzel U., Baumgärtner W.: Parapoxvirus infection in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) from the German North Sea. Vet Pathol 2003, 40, 445–454, doi: 10.1354/vp.40-4-445.Müller G. Gröters S. Siebert U. Rosenberger T. Driver J. König M. Becher P. Hetzel U. Baumgärtner W. Parapoxvirus infection in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) from the German North Sea Vet Pathol 2003 40 445 454 10.1354/vp.40-4-445Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

25Nelson G.J.: The lipid composition of the blood of marine mammals. II. Atlantic bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus and two species of seals, Halichoerus grypus and Phoca vitulina. Comp Biochem Physiol B 1971, 40, 423–432, doi: 10.1016/03050491(71)90226-4.Nelson G.J. The lipid composition of the blood of marine mammals II. Atlantic bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus and two species of seals, Halichoerus grypus and Phoca vitulina. Comp Biochem Physiol B 1971 40 423 432 10.1016/03050491(71)90226-4Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

26Nollens H.H., Hernandez J.A., Jacobson E.R., Haulena M., Gulland F.M.: Risk factors associated with development of poxvirus lesions in hospitalized California sea lions. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2005, 227, 467–473, doi: 10.2460/javma.2005.227.467.Nollens H.H. Hernandez J.A. Jacobson E.R. Haulena M. Gulland F.M. Risk factors associated with development of poxvirus lesions in hospitalized California sea lions J Am Vet Med Assoc 2005 227 467 473 10.2460/javma.2005.227.46716121616Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

27Núñez-Egido S., Lowther A., Nymo I.H., Klein J., Breines E.M., Tryland M.: Pathogen surveillance in Southern Ocean pinnipeds. Polar Res 2020, 39, 3841, doi: 10.33265/polar.v39.3841.Núñez-Egido S. Lowther A. Nymo I.H. Klein J. Breines E.M. Tryland M. Pathogen surveillance in Southern Ocean pinnipeds Polar Res 2020 39 3841 10.33265/polar.v39.3841Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

28Nymo I.H., Godfroid J., Åsbakk K., Larsen A.K., das Neves C.G., Rødven R., Tryland M.: A protein A/G indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of anti-Brucella antibodies in Arctic wildlife. J Vet Diagn Invest 2013, 25, 369–375, doi: 10.1177/1040638713485073.Nymo I.H. Godfroid J. Åsbakk K. Larsen A.K. das Neves C.G. Rødven R. Tryland M. A protein A/G indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of anti-Brucella antibodies in Arctic wildlife J Vet Diagn Invest 2013 25 369 375 10.1177/104063871348507323572454Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

29Ohno Y., Inoshima Y., Maeda K., Ishiguro N.: Molecular analysis of parapoxvirus from a spotted seal Phoca largha in Japan. Dis Aquat Organ 2011, 97, 11–16, doi: 10.3354/dao02405.Ohno Y. Inoshima Y. Maeda K. Ishiguro N. Molecular analysis of parapoxvirus from a spotted seal Phoca largha in Japan Dis Aquat Organ 2011 97 11 16 10.3354/dao0240522235590Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

30Okada K., Fujimoto Y.: The fine structure of cytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusions of seal pox. Jpn J Vet Sci 1984, 46, 401−404, doi: 10.1292/jvms1939.46.401.Okada K. Fujimoto Y. The fine structure of cytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusions of seal pox Jpn J Vet Sci 1984 46 401−404 10.1292/jvms1939.46.4016090747Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

31Osterhaus A.D., Broeders H.W., Visser I.K., Teppema J.S., Kuiken T.: Isolation of a parapoxvirus from pox-like lesions in grey seals. Vet Rec 1994, 135, 601–602. http://hdl.handle.net/1765/3513.Osterhaus A.D. Broeders H.W. Visser I.K. Teppema J.S. Kuiken T. Isolation of a parapoxvirus from pox-like lesions in grey seals Vet Rec 1994 135 601 602 http://hdl.handle.net/1765/3513Search in Google Scholar

32Scotter S.E., Tryland M., Nymo I.H., Hanssen L., Harju M., Lydersen C., Kovacs K.M., Klein J., Fisk A.T., Routti H.: Contaminants in Atlantic walruses in Svalbard part 1: Relationships between exposure, diet and pathogen prevalence. Environ Pollut 2019, 244, 9–18, doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.001.Scotter S.E. Tryland M. Nymo I.H. Hanssen L. Harju M. Lydersen C. Kovacs K.M. Klein J. Fisk A.T. Routti H. Contaminants in Atlantic walruses in Svalbard part 1: Relationships between exposure, diet and pathogen prevalence Environ Pollut 2019 244 9 18 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.00130317087Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

33Sentsui H., Inoshima Y., Minami A., Yamamoto Y., Murakami K., Shimizu S.: Survey on antibody against parapoxvirus among cattle in Japan. Microbiol Immunol 2000, 44, 73–76, doi: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2000.tb01248.x.Sentsui H. Inoshima Y. Minami A. Yamamoto Y. Murakami K. Shimizu S. Survey on antibody against parapoxvirus among cattle in Japan Microbiol Immunol 2000 44 73 76 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2000.tb01248.x10711602Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

34Shimizu K., Badr Y., Okada A., Inoshima Y.: Bovine papular stomatitis virus and pseudocowpox virus coinfection in dairy calves in Japan. Arch Virol 2020, 165, 2659–2664, doi: 10.1007/s00705-020-04792-3.Shimizu K. Badr Y. Okada A. Inoshima Y. Bovine papular stomatitis virus and pseudocowpox virus coinfection in dairy calves in Japan Arch Virol 2020 165 2659 2664 10.1007/s00705-020-04792-332880730Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

35Shimizu K., Takaiwa A., Takeshima S.-N., Okada A., Inoshima Y.: Genetic variability of 3'-proximal region of genomes of orf viruses isolated from sheep and wild Japanese serows (Capricornis crispus) in Japan. Front Vet Sci 2020, 7, 188, doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00188.Shimizu K. Takaiwa A. Takeshima S.-N. Okada A. Inoshima Y. Genetic variability of 3'-proximal region of genomes of orf viruses isolated from sheep and wild Japanese serows (Capricornis crispus) in Japan Front Vet Sci 2020 7 188 10.3389/fvets.2020.00188719394532391386Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

36Spyrou V., Valiakos G.: Orf virus infection in sheep or goats. Vet Microbiol 2015, 181, 178–182, doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.08.010.Spyrou V. Valiakos G. Orf virus infection in sheep or goats Vet Microbiol 2015 181 178 182 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.08.01026315771Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

37Toplu N., Aydoğan A., Oguzoglu T.C.: Visceral leishmaniosis and parapoxvirus infection in a Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus). J Comp Pathol 2007, 136, 283–287, doi: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2007.02.005.Toplu N. Aydoğan A. Oguzoglu T.C. Visceral leishmaniosis and parapoxvirus infection in a Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus) J Comp Pathol 2007 136 283 287 10.1016/j.jcpa.2007.02.00517459405Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

38Tryland M., Klein J., Nordoy E.S., Blix A.S.: Isolation and partial characterization of a parapoxvirus isolated from a skin lesion of a Weddell seal. Virus Res 2005, 108, 83–87, doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2004.08.005.Tryland M. Klein J. Nordoy E.S. Blix A.S. Isolation and partial characterization of a parapoxvirus isolated from a skin lesion of a Weddell seal Virus Res 2005 108 83 87 10.1016/j.virusres.2004.08.00515681058Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

39Waterhouse A., Bertoni M., Bienert S., Studer G., Tauriello G., Gumienny R., Heer F.T., de Beer T.A.P., Rempfer C., Bordoli L., Lepore R., Schwede T.: SWISS-MODEL: homology modelling of protein structures and complexes. Nucleic Acids Res 2018, 46, W296–W303, doi: 10.1093/nar/gky427.Waterhouse A. Bertoni M. Bienert S. Studer G. Tauriello G. Gumienny R. Heer F.T. de Beer T.A.P. Rempfer C. Bordoli L. Lepore R. Schwede T. SWISS-MODEL: homology modelling of protein structures and complexes Nucleic Acids Res 2018 46 W296 W303 10.1093/nar/gky427603084829788355Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

40Yogisharadhya R., Kumar A., Ramappa R., Venkatesan G., Bhanuprakash V., Shivachandra S.B.: Functional characterization of recombinant major envelope protein (rB2L) of orf virus. Arch Virol 2017, 162, 953–962, doi: 10.1007/s00705-016-3178-z.Yogisharadhya R. Kumar A. Ramappa R. Venkatesan G. Bhanuprakash V. Shivachandra S.B. Functional characterization of recombinant major envelope protein (rB2L) of orf virus Arch Virol 2017 162 953 962 10.1007/s00705-016-3178-z27995337Open DOISearch in Google Scholar