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Tracking direct and indirect impact on technology and policy of transformative research via ego citation network

Xian Li
Xian Li
 e 
Xiaojun Hu
Xiaojun Hu
   | 17 lug 2024
Journal of Data and Information Science's Cover Image
INFORMAZIONI SU QUESTO ARTICOLO
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Article Category: Research Papers
Pubblicato online: 17 lug 2024
Pagine: -
Ricevuto: 20 mar 2024
Accettato: 14 giu 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jdis-2024-0018
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© 2024 Xian Li et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1.

Direct and indirect impact on technology and policy originating from a NP.
Direct and indirect impact on technology and policy originating from a NP.

Figure 2.

The CR subnetwork of patent p citing an article.
The CR subnetwork of patent p citing an article.

Figure 3.

The distribution of technological impact of NPs and their generations of citations.
The distribution of technological impact of NPs and their generations of citations.

Figure 4.

The differences of NPs and their generations of citations in technological impact.
The differences of NPs and their generations of citations in technological impact.

Figure 5.

The distribution of policy citations of NPs and their generations of citations.
The distribution of policy citations of NPs and their generations of citations.

Figure 6.

The difference of NPs and their generations of citations in policy citations.
The difference of NPs and their generations of citations in policy citations.

The descriptive statistical of policy documents citing NPs and their generations of citations.

Gene engineering Astrophysics
NPs 1st generation 2nd generation NPs 1st generation 2nd generation
Publication year [1968,2017] [1965,2021] [1966,2021] [1980,2016] [1964,2021] [1958,2021]
Number of countries (Gini) 4 (0.5808) 10 (0.7920) 19 (0.6697) 1 (1) 6 (0.5490) 17 (0.6968)
Number of organizations (Gini) 6 (0.5704) 28 (0.7525) 78 (0.6650) 1 (1) 11 (0.5512) 56 (0.7269)
Number of organization types (Gini) 3 (0.6016) 3 (0.8268) 3 (0.6646) 1 (1) 3 (0.6363) 3 (0.7575)
Number of categories (Gini) 7 (0.8136) 17 (0.8950) 22 (0.7602) 1 (1) 11 (0.7397) 19 (0.8435)

Linear regression models of direct and indirect impact on technology.

Gene engineering
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
1st generation vs NPs −4.859*** (1.218) −4.798*** (1.218) −4.859*** (1.218) −4.697*** (1.217) −4.633*** (1.216) −2.227* (1.175) −2.587** (1.168)
2nd generation vs NPs −5.882*** (1.212) −5.816*** (1.212) −5.881*** (1.212) −5.725*** (1.211) −5.626*** (1.210) −3.423*** (1.169) −3.817*** (1.162)
N-publication citations 1.040−4*** (3.100−5) 1.050−4*** (3.000−5)
N-categories −0.011 (0.073) 0.065 (0.070)
Time lag 0.023*** (0.002) −0.211*** (0.006)
N-references −0.008*** (4.070−4) −0.001*** (1.116−3)
Publication age 0.232*** (0.003) 0.324*** (0.004)
Constant 9.373 9.286 9.384 9.048 9.601 2.282 2.337
R2 0.031 0.033 0.031 0.052 0.072 0.266 0.288
N 883,944 883,944 883,944 883,944 883,944 883,944 883,944
Astrophysics
(8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14)
1st generation vs NPs −1.263 (3.949) −1.264 (3.949) −0.809 (3.949) −0.624 (3.916) −1.164 (3.948) 1.020 (3.777) 1.303 (3.757)
2nd generation vs NPs −1.422 (3.878) −1.411 (3.878) −0.922 (3.879) −0.665 (3.846) −1.344 (3.877) 1.509 (3.712) 1.955 (3.693)
N-publication citations −3.360−4 (3.170−4) −4.457−5 (3.150−4)
N-categories 0.705** (0.313) 0.332 (0.300)
Time lag 0.149*** (0.028) −0.177*** (0.039)
N-references −0.003 (0.002) 0.002 (0.002)
Publication age 0.197*** (0.016) 0.276*** (0.023)
Constant 4.531 4.596 3.121 2.813 4.603 −2.116 −3.459
R2 0.010 0.029 0.058 0.135 0.039 0.297 0.320
N 472,534 472,534 472,534 472,534 472,534 472,534 472,534

Descriptive statistics of NPs and their generations of citations.

Gene engineering Astrophysics
NPs 1st generation 2nd generation NPs 1st generation 2nd generation
# Publications 74 29,687 854,183 197 49,497 422,840
# Publications cited by patents 47 4,280 81,737 4 101 1,462
% Publications cited by patents 63.51% 14.42% 9.57% 2.03% 0.20% 0.35%
Average number of patent citations 130.40 103.80 106.78 1.5 2.75 6.70
Average number of citing IPC groups 7.10 4.77 4.37 3 3.31 3.41
# Publications cited by policies 11 500 9,008 4 51 745
% Publications cited by policies 14.86% 1.68% 1.05% 2.03% 0.10% 0.18%
Average number of policy citations 2.27 1.39 1.34 1 1.25 1.49

The VIFs of variables for policy impact.

Variables Gene engineering Astrophysics
independent variable (groups) 1.002 1.069
Publication-type 1.079 1.094
N-research countries 1.034 1.091
N-publication citations 1.003 1.074
N-references 1.093 1.116
Publication age 1.069 1.098

The VIFs of variables for technological impact.

Variables Gene engineering Astrophysics
independent variable (groups) 1.001 1.011
N-categories 1.000 1.017
N-publication citations 1.010 1.094
Time lag 1.976 2.107
N-references 1.050 1.128
Publication age 2.024 2.191

Negative binomial regression models of direct and indirect impact on policy.

Gene engineering
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
1st generation vs NPs −0.490** (0.204) −0.491** (0.204) −0.476** (0.204) −0.469** (0.204) −0.497** (0.204) −0.466** (0.204) −0.428** (0.204)
2nd generation vs NPs −0.530*** (0.200) −0.530*** (0.200) −0.519*** (0.200) −0.506** (0.200) −0.537*** (0.200) −0.507** (0.201) −0.473** (0.201)
Publication-type 0.001 (0.009) −1.378−3 (9.233−3)
N-research countries 0.036*** (0.006) 3.880−2*** (6.193−3)
N-publication citations 1.261−5*** (9.80−7) 1.236−5*** (9.902−7)
N-references 1.626−4** (7.578−5) 1.676−4** (7.857−5)
Publication age 0.002** (0.001) 2.307−3*** (7.958−4)
Constant 0.821 0.820 0.757 0.792 0.816 0.765 0.640
Log-likelihood −12402.77 −12402.77 −12387.26 −12362.29 −12400.58 −12400.51 −12340.97
N 883,944 883,944 883,944 883,944 883,944 883,944 883,944
Astrophysics
(8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14)
1st generation vs NPs 0.227 (0.525) 0.210 (0.525) 0.231 (0.525) 0.479 (0.543) 0.227 (0.525) 0.261 (0.525) 0.479 (0.542)
2nd generation vs NPs 0.397 (0.510) 0.384 (0.510) 0.404 (0.510) 0.671 (0.532) 0.397 (0.510) 0.450 (0.510) 0.695 (0.531)
Publication-type −0.032 (0.032) −2.993−2 (3.394−2)
N-research countries 0.006 (0.013) 7.768−3 (1.383−2)
N-publication citations 4.366−5** (2.214−5) 4.085-5* (2.246−5)
N-references −1.721−5 (2.408−4) 9.576−5 (2.546−4)
Publication age 0.004* (0.002) 3.768−3* (2.121−3)
Constant 1.155−13 0.056 −0.018 −0.288 8.214−4 −0.137 −0.377
Log-likelihood −1143.06 −1142.54 −1142.96 −1141.34 −1143.06 −1141.43 −1139.20
N 472,534 472,534 472,534 472,534 472,534 472,534 472,534
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