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Study of Initial Colonization by Environmental Microorganisms in the Russian Segment of the International Space Station (ISS)

Ulrich Reidt
Ulrich Reidt
, 
Andreas Helwig
Andreas Helwig
, 
Lutz Plobner
Lutz Plobner
, 
Veronika Lugmayr
Veronika Lugmayr
, 
Ulrich Treutlein
Ulrich Treutlein
, 
Sergey Kharin
Sergey Kharin
, 
Yuri Smirnov
Yuri Smirnov
, 
Natalia Novikova
Natalia Novikova
, 
Joachim Lenic
Joachim Lenic
, 
Viktor Fetter
Viktor Fetter
 e 
Thomas Hummel
Thomas Hummel
   | 18 gen 2022
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Article Category: Research Article
Pubblicato online: 18 gen 2022
Pagine: 46 - 57
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/gsr-2014-0012
© 2014 Ulrich Reidt et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1.

Schematic drawing of the ISS (in red) of the Russian segment with the Zvezda Service Module where the Target Book was placed for 135 days (NASA (2012) International Space Station Calendar). Retrieved from http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/615398main_2012_iss_calendar.pdf (Accessed 11/30/14).
Schematic drawing of the ISS (in red) of the Russian segment with the Zvezda Service Module where the Target Book was placed for 135 days (NASA (2012) International Space Station Calendar). Retrieved from http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/615398main_2012_iss_calendar.pdf (Accessed 11/30/14).

Figure 2.

Illustration of the Target Book with four different materials: A1-A3 non-anodized aluminum (ALU), B1-B3 Nomex, C1-C3 printed circuit board (PCB) material, and D1-D3 cable labeling material (CLM).
Illustration of the Target Book with four different materials: A1-A3 non-anodized aluminum (ALU), B1-B3 Nomex, C1-C3 printed circuit board (PCB) material, and D1-D3 cable labeling material (CLM).

Figure 3.

Back on Earth, swabbing the targets from the Target Book with a sterile wet swab to wipe off the biological load.
Back on Earth, swabbing the targets from the Target Book with a sterile wet swab to wipe off the biological load.

Figure 4.

Commissioning of the Target Book by cosmonaut Roman Romanenko. In the right corner of the photograph, the soft transport bag (in blue) is shown at the wall of the ISS.
Commissioning of the Target Book by cosmonaut Roman Romanenko. In the right corner of the photograph, the soft transport bag (in blue) is shown at the wall of the ISS.

Figure 5.

Placement of the Target Book in the Russian segment of the ISS (Zvezda Service Module) by cosmonaut Roman Romanenko.
Placement of the Target Book in the Russian segment of the ISS (Zvezda Service Module) by cosmonaut Roman Romanenko.

Colony forming units from the swabbing of each material by a surface area of 12.56 cm 2 from the Target Book.

ABCD
(ALU)(NOMEX)(PCB)(CLM)
1R2A: 50R2A:10020R2A: 0R2A: 1800
TSA: 10TSA: 10TSA: 0TSA: 0
YEA: 20YEA: 0YEA: 0YEA: 0
SGA: 0SGA: 0SGA: 0SGA: 0
∑: 80 CFU/ml∑:1.0E+04 CFU/ml∑: 0 CFU/ml∑: 1.8E+03 CFU/ml
2R2A: 0R2A: 1180R2A: 0R2A: 1060
TSA: 0TSA: 2670TSA: 0TSA: 31280
YEA: 0YEA: 70YEA: 0YEA: 740
SGA: 0SGA: 0SGA: 0SGA: 0
∑: 0 CFU/ml∑: 3.9E+03 CFU/ml∑: 0 CFU/ml∑: 3.3E+04 CFU/ml
3R2A: 0R2A: 300R2A: 0R2A: 490
TSA: 20TSA: 0TSA: 0TSA: 150
YEA: 0YEA: 0YEA: 0YEA: 30
SGA:10SGA: 0SGA: 0SGA: 100
∑: 30 CFU/ml∑: 3.0E+02 CFU/ml∑:0 CFU/ml∑: 7.7E+02 CFU/ml
Ø1.1E+021.4E+0403.5E+04

Colony forming units by type of contact plate at a surface area of 12.56 cm 2.

A (ALU)B (NOMEX)C (PCB)D (CLM)
1R2A: 4R2A: 7R2A: 0R2A: 5
TSA: 2TSA: 2TSA: 3TSA: 16
∑: 6∑: 9∑: 3∑: 21
2R2A: 6R2A: 2R2A: 0R2A:78
TSA: 3TSA: 0TSA: 5TSA: 45
∑: 9∑: 2∑: 5∑: 123
3R2A: 2R2A: 5R2A: 2R2A: 8
TSA: 3TSA: 1TSA:7TSA: 20
∑: 5∑: 6∑:9∑: 28
Ø6.65.65.657.3

Identification of growth environmental microorganisms on the materials in the Target Book by rRNA gene sequencing.

ABCD
(ALU)(NOMEX)(PCB)(CLM)
Enhydrobacter aerosaccusb,+,2Aerococcus viridansb,+,3Bacillus cohniib,+,1Aerococcus urinaeequib,+,3
Micrococcus luteusb,+,1Bacillus thuringiensisb,+,2Micrococcus luteusb,+,3Bacillus simplexb,+,3
Micrococcus luteusb,+,2Microbacterium testaceumb,+,1Streptococcus salivariusb,+,1Micrococcus luteusb,+,3
Rhodococcus jostiib,+,1Micrococcus luteusb,+,3-Nocardioides simplexb,+,2
Staphylococcus arlettaeb,+,3Staphylococcus epidermidisb,+,2-Nocardioides simplexb,+,3
Staphylococcus equorumb,+,1Staphylococcus haemolyticusb,+,2-Staphylococcus epidermidisb,+,2
Staphylococcus warnerib,+,3Staphylococcus haemolyticusb,+,2-Staphylococcus warnerib,+,2
-Staphylococcus hominisb,+,1-Streptococcus salivariusb,+,2
Dyadobacter alkalitoleransb,-,1Staphylococcus saprophyticusb,+,3--
Sphingomonas phyllosphaeraeb,-,1Staphylococcus warnerib,+,2-Hymenobacter solib,-,3
-Streptomyces globisporusb,+,1-Stenotrophomonas maltophiliab,-,2
Alternaria smyrniif,1--
Bacillus endophyticusf,1Hymenobacter aerophilusb,-,1-Cladosporium bruhneif,3
Penicillium digitatumf,3Massilia plicatab,-,1-Cladosporium spp. f,3
Phoma spp.f,3-Roseomonas vinaceusb,-,1-Cladosporium spp.f,1
-Sphingomonas pseudosanguinisb,-,1-Cladosporium ssp.f,1
-Stenotrophomonas maltophiliab,-,1-Subplenodomus valerianaef,3
-Coriolopsis gallicaf,1--
-Rhinocladiella atrovirensf,1--
-Taphrina wiesnerif,1--
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