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Experimental Investigation on the Bending Behavior of Weft Interlaced Multilayered Woven Fabrics for Composite Applications

Philipp Schegner
Philipp Schegner
, 
Michael Vorhof
Michael Vorhof
, 
Daniel Weise
Daniel Weise
, 
Cornelia Sennewald
Cornelia Sennewald
, 
Jasmin Pilgrim
Jasmin Pilgrim
, 
Gerald Hoffmann
Gerald Hoffmann
 e 
Chokri Cherif
Chokri Cherif
   | 01 dic 2023
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Article Category: Research Article
Pubblicato online: 01 dic 2023
Pagine: 24 - 33
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ftee-2023-0042
Parole chiave
© 2023 Łukasiewicz Research Network-Łódź Institute of Technology, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Fig. 1-1.

Three basic multilayer weaves (cut along the warp direction: weft dot, warp line)
Three basic multilayer weaves (cut along the warp direction: weft dot, warp line)

Fig. 1-2.

Through-the-thickness weave structure and pattern in warp and weft direction
Through-the-thickness weave structure and pattern in warp and weft direction

Fig. 2-1.

MAGEBA shuttle rapier loom SL RTEC 1200/1
MAGEBA shuttle rapier loom SL RTEC 1200/1

Fig. 2-2.

Weave structure for the produced samples in warp and weft direction
Weave structure for the produced samples in warp and weft direction

Fig. 2-3.

Setup for sample infiltration
Setup for sample infiltration

Fig. 2-4.

Sample geometry
Sample geometry

Fig. 2-5.

Flexural test setup
Flexural test setup

Fig. 3-1.

Fracture behavior during the bending tests (left: tensile fracture, right: compressvie fracture)
Fracture behavior during the bending tests (left: tensile fracture, right: compressvie fracture)

Fig. 3-2.

Normalized modulus of elasticity in flexure
Normalized modulus of elasticity in flexure

Fig. 3-3.

Normalized flexural strength
Normalized flexural strength

Fig. 3-4.

Cross section of the through-the-thickness samples
Cross section of the through-the-thickness samples

Fig. 3-5.

Cross section of the layer-to-layer samples
Cross section of the layer-to-layer samples

Fiber volume content, determined according to EN ISO 1172

Sample batch Weave Interlacement type Fiber volume content (FVC) Sample thickness
01 Through-the-thickness Weft interlacement 43.5 % 3.4 mm
02 Through-the-thickness Warp interlacement 39.4 % 3.4 mm
03 Layer-to-layer Weft interlacement 50.2 % 2.8 mm
04 Layer-to-layer Warp interlacement 52.0 % 2.8 mm

Four weave patterns with warp (WaD) and weft densities (WeD) in threads per cm

through-the-thickness weft interlacement through-the-thickness warp interlacement layer-to-layer weft interlacement layer-to-layer warp interlacement
WeD 16 16 14 16
WaD 16 16 16 14
Sample batch 1 2 3 4

Results of the flexural bending test

Sample batch Test direction Modulus of elasticity in flexure Flexural strength Strain at flexural strength
Test result Normalized1) Test result Normalized1)
Ef in 103 N/mm² Ef,norm in 103 N/mm² σf in N/mm² σf,norm in N/mm² EfM in %
01 Warp 31.4 ± 4.32) 36.1 ± 4.9 407 ± 68 468 ± 78 1.9 %
Weft 29.5 ± 1.1 33.9 ± 1.3 473 ± 16 544 ± 18 1.9 %
02 Warp 33.8 ± 2.0 38.9 ± 2.3 522 ± 25 600 ± 29 1.6 %
Weft 36.6 ± 0.4 42.1 ± 0.5 490 ± 18 563 ± 21 1.8 %
03 Warp 57.4 ± 5.7 57.2 ± 5.7 578 ± 43 576 ± 43 1.1 %
Weft 36.1 ± 1.8 36.0 ± 1.8 483 ± 30 481 ± 30 1.5 %
04 Warp 36.9 ± 3.8 35.5 ± 3.7 494 ± 30 475 ± 29 1.5 %
Weft 48.7 ± 0.2 46.8 ± 0.2 601 ± 34 578 ± 33 1.2 %
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