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Entrepreneurship training: its influences on innovation potentials among nursing students

Asmaa Abdel Rahman Abdel Rahman
Asmaa Abdel Rahman Abdel Rahman
 e 
Dalia Abdallah Abdelatief
Dalia Abdallah Abdelatief
   | 26 mar 2024
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INFORMAZIONI SU QUESTO ARTICOLO
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Article Category: Original article
Pubblicato online: 26 mar 2024
Pagine: 85 - 98
Ricevuto: 03 apr 2023
Accettato: 31 ago 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fon-2024-0009
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© 2024 Asmaa Abdel Rahman Abdel Rahman et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Differences between mean scores of nursing students’ skills related to creative thinking and energy pre- and post-implementation of entrepreneurship training.

Items Pre Post Mean difference P-value
Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD
Creative thinking
I would like my lessons to involve lots of different creative activities. 2.2 0.7 4.4 0.9 2.2 0.2 0.000*
I prefer lessons that involve different activities rather than just sitting at my desk. 2.2 0.6 4.5 0.7 2.3 0.1 0.000*
I feel proud when I’ve designed something myself and made it. 2.7 0.5 4.7 0.6 2.0 0.1 0.000*
I like doing things that are very practical. 3.8 0.6 4.5 0.6 0.7 0.0 0.000*
The subjects at faculty give me the freedom to express my own ideas. 1.3 0.5 3.2 1.2 1.9 0.7 0.000*
The subjects I’m studying at faculty require my imagination/creative thinking. 1.6 0.6 3.5 1.0 1.9 0.4 0.000*
I can come up with something new that will benefit others. 1.9 0.7 4.2 0.7 2.3 0.0 0.000*
I like to develop new strategies for helping ideas become realities. 1.5 0.6 4.0 0.9 2.5 0.3 0.000*
I enjoy being asked to come up with new ideas and solutions for problems. 1.7 0.8 4.5 0.6 2.8 −0.2 0.000*
I frequently introduce new ideas to improve the situations. 1.6 0.8 4.1 0.8 2.5 0.0 0.000*
I use trial and error for problem solving. 1.6 0.5 4.3 0.8 2.7 0.3 0.000*
I ask “Why?” and “Why not?” and “What if?” with a purpose. 1.6 0.6 4.4 0.7 2.8 0.1 0.000*
I show inventiveness in using resources. 1.6 0.6 3.9 1.0 2.3 0.4 0.000*
I search out new working methods, techniques, or instruments. 1.7 0.6 4.2 0.7 2.5 0.1 0.000*
Energy
It is energizing when you are given rewards for good work. 4.5 0.6 4.5 0.7 0.0 0.1 1.000
I feel really motivated when I produce something that no one else has. 4.3 0.7 4.8 0.4 0.5 −0.3 0.001*
I feel really enthusiastic about my chosen subjects. 2.0 0.7 3.6 1.2 1.6 0.5 0.000*
I really push myself to achieve good grades. 2.8 0.7 4.5 0.6 1.7 −0.1 0.000*
I like to do something that has a purpose or goal. 3.1 0.6 4.6 0.6 1.5 0.0 0.000*

Differences between mean scores of nursing students’ skills related to facing self-efficacy, risk propensity, and teamwork pre- and post-implementation of entrepreneurship training.

Items Pre Post Mean difference P-value
Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD
Self-efficacy
I like to pursue my interests outside college where I feel more in control. 2.9 0.6 4.4 0.8 1.5 0.2 0.000*
Once I start something, I like to finish it. 3.0 0.7 4.4 0.8 1.4 0.1 0.000*
I would join a club/interest group independently of my friends if it was something I really wanted to do. 2.5 0.6 4.5 0.6 2.0 0.0 0.000*
Communicate your ideas using media other than a written paper (e.g., posters, video, blogs, etc.) 1.8 0.7 4.1 0.9 2.3 0.2 0.000*
Answer questions in front of an audience. 2.0 0.8 4.1 0.7 2.1 −0.1 0.000*
I like to experiment with different approaches to completing the same task. 2.4 0.6 4.1 0.8 1.7 0.2 0.000*
I go beyond expectations in the assignment, task, or job description without being asked. 1.7 0.7 4.1 0.8 2.4 0.1 0.000*
Risk propensity
When I make choices, I want to be as sure as possible what the future consequences will be for me. 1.5 0.6 3.8 0.8 2.3 0.2 0.000*
I feel I can overcome problems. 1.7 0.7 3.9 0.8 2.2 0.1 0.000*
I take the risk to participate in activities without fear of not getting good grades at college. 1.5 0.6 3.5 1.1 2.0 0.5 0.000*
I take an acceptable level of risk to support new ideas. 1.5 0.5 3.9 0.8 2.4 0.3 0.000*
Teamwork
I’m attentive when others are speaking and respond effectively to others’ comments during the conversation. 1.7 0.8 4.1 0.7 2.4 −0.1 0.000*
I identify sources of conflict between oneself and others, and take steps to overcome disharmony. 1.6 0.7 4.3 0.6 2.7 −0.1 0.000*
Try to build relationships with other people/organization to share timely information and experience. 1.5 0.6 4.2 0.8 2.7 0.2 0.000*
I provide constructive feedback, cooperation, coaching, or help to team colleagues. 2.0 0.8 4.4 0.7 2.4 −0.1 0.000*
Persist in my relationship after the task is finished. 2.0 0.9 4.1 0.9 2.1 0.0 0.000*

Differences between mean scores of nursing students’ total innovation skills pre- and post-implementation of entrepreneurship training.

Items Pre Post Max score Mean percentage P-value
Mean SD Mean SD
Creativity 27.0 2.7 58.3 7.0 70.0 83.2 0.000*
Leadership 18.2 2.4 33.1 4.3 40.0 82.7 0.000*
Energy (Motivation) 16.8 1.5 22.0 2.2 25.0 88.0 0.000*
Self-efficacy 16.1 1.6 29.7 3.9 35.0 84.8 0.000*
Risk-propensity 6.2 1.6 15.1 2.8 20.0 75.5 0.000*
Facing challenges 8.5 2.0 20.4 3.0 25.0 81.6 0.000*
Teamwork 8.7 1.8 21.1 2.6 25.0 84.4 0.000*
Total innovation skills 101.4 7.4 199.9 21.9 240.0 83.2 0.000*

Differences between mean scores of nursing students’ skills related to confidence in projects management pre- and post-implementation of entrepreneurship training.

Items Pre Post Mean difference P-value
Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD
I trust in my abilities to start a project by myself and run it in the future. 1.4 0.5 4.2 0.8 2.8 0.3 0.000*
I trust to develop my idea/project. 1.4 0.5 4.2 0.8 2.8 0.3 0.000*
Determine the user’s needs and market the product/service. 1.4 0.5 4.0 0.9 2.6 0.4 0.000*
I search myself for competitors in the labor market. 1.2 0.4 3.8 0.8 2.6 0.4 0.000*
I know how to present my ideas and service to the community. 1.4 0.5 4.0 0.6 2.6 0.1 0.000*
Able to find ‘methods’ to market ideas/ services. 1.4 0.5 3.8 0.8 2.4 0.3 0.000*
Able to design a financial budget for my project/service. 1.1 0.3 3.7 0.8 2.6 0.5 0.000*
Able to manage the project. 1.0 0.2 4.0 0.7 3.0 0.5 0.000*
Able to identify the strengths/weaknesses of the project. 1.4 0.5 4.2 0.6 2.8 0.1 0.000*
Total project management score 11.7 2.0 36.0 4.6 24.3 2.6 0.006*

Frequency and percentage distribution of total level of nursing students’ innovation skills pre- and post-implementation of entrepreneurship training (N = 42).

Level of innovation skills Pre Post
No % No %
Low (<50%) 42 100 0 0.0
Moderate (50% to <75%) 0 0.0 6 14.4
High (75%–100%) 0 0.0 36 85.7

Frequency and percentage distribution of total level of nursing students’ innovative projects post-implementation of entrepreneurship training.

Innovative projects assessment categories No %
Good 14 33.3
Very good 16 38.1
Excellent 12 28.6

Demographic characteristics of the study subjects (N = 42).

Students’ characteristics No. %
Age (mean ± SD) 21.8 ± 1.6 Min–max (19–24)
Gender
Male 10 23.8
Female 32 76.2
Class
First 1 2.4
Second 10 23.8
Third 1 2.4
Fourth 5 11.9
Internship 25 59.5
Preferred color
White 9 21.4
Black 16 38.1
Green 3 7.1
Blue 9 21.4
Red 5 12.0
Yellow 0 0.0

Mean scores of nursing students’ innovative projects post-implementation of entrepreneurship training.

Items Mean SD Rank
Problem definition/market need 4.3 1.0 4
Approach and value proposition 4.4 1.0 3
Using of technology 3.2 1.3 7
Prototype 3.0 1.4 9
Market analysis 3.8 1.0 6
Benefits and competition 4.3 1.0 4
Business model 3.1 0.8 8
Financial plan 2.8 0.8 10
Teamwork 5.0 0.1 1
Pitching 5.0 0.1 1
Total project assessment score 38.7 3.8

Differences between mean scores of nursing students’ skills related to facing challenges and leadership pre- and post-implementation of entrepreneurship training.

Items Pre Post Mean difference P-value
Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD
Facing challenges
Persist towards achieving long-term goals, even after experiencing setbacks. 1.9 0.7 4.2 0.7 2.3 0.0 0.000*
Respond effectively to unexpected challenges that arise when working on projects. 1.6 0.7 4.0 0.7 2.4 0.0 0.000*
Pursue a goal even after someone has told me it will be difficult to achieve. 1.5 0.7 4.1 0.8 2.6 0.1 0.000*
I find interests in facing challenges and difficulties to achieve goals. 1.7 0.8 4.1 0.7 2.4 −0.1 0.000*
Challenge a classmate’s suggestions for how to solve a problem. 1.8 0.7 4.0 0.8 2.2 0.1 0.000*
Leadership
I really like being leader of a group. 1.8 0.7 4.0 0.9 2.2 0.2 0.000*
Project work gives me the chance to take a leading role in the group. 3.2 1.1 4.3 0.6 1.1 −0.5 0.000*
When working in a group I do my best to persuade the others to take up my ideas. 2.0 0.8 4.2 0.9 2.2 0.1 0.000*
I am often chosen to be the team leader or captain of my team. 3.2 1.2 4.0 0.8 0.8 −0.4 0.001*
My friends follow my suggestions when they can’t make up their minds. 2.1 0.8 4.1 0.7 2.0 −0.1 0.000*
Working as part of a group with people who have different skill sets from my own. 2.2 0.8 4.5 0.7 2.3 −0.1 0.000*
Working on a team with people whom I am meeting for the first time. 1.9 0.8 4.1 1.0 2.2 0.2 0.000*
Explaining my rationale for making a decision to others. 1.8 0.8 4.0 1.0 2.2 0.2 0.000*
eISSN:
2544-8994
Lingua:
Inglese
Frequenza di pubblicazione:
4 volte all'anno
Argomenti della rivista:
Medicine, Assistive Professions, Nursing
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