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Relationship between salicylic acid and resistance to mite in strawberry

Juliano T. Vilela de Resende

Juliano T. Vilela de Resende

Department of Agronomy, Londrina State UniversityLondrina, Brazil
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Vilela de Resende, Juliano T.
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Rafael Matos

Rafael Matos

Department of Agronomy, Midwestern State UniversityGuarapuava, Brazil
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Matos, Rafael
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Douglas M. Zeffa

Douglas M. Zeffa

Department of Agronomy, Maringá State UniversityMaringá, Brazil
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Zeffa, Douglas M.
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Leonel Vinicius Constantino

Leonel Vinicius Constantino

Department of Agronomy, Londrina State UniversityLondrina, Brazil
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Constantino, Leonel Vinicius
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Silas M. Alves

Silas M. Alves

Department of Agronomy, Londrina State UniversityLondrina, Brazil
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Alves, Silas M.
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Maurício U. Ventura

Maurício U. Ventura

Department of Agronomy, Londrina State UniversityLondrina, Brazil
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Ventura, Maurício U.
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Nathalia C. V. Resende

Nathalia C. V. Resende

Department of Agronomy, Viçosa Federal UniversityViçosa, Brazil
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Resende, Nathalia C. V.
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Khamis Youssef

Khamis Youssef

Agricultural Researcher Center, Plant Pathology Research InstituteGiza, Egypt
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Youssef, Khamis
  
14 apr 2021
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Categoria dell'articolo: Original Article
Pubblicato online: 14 apr 2021
Pagine: 107 - 119
Ricevuto: 14 ott 2020
Accettato: 03 mar 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2021-0008
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© 2021 Juliano T. Vilela de Resende et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1

Petri dishes with strawberry leaflets from the cultivar ‘Sweet Charlie’ for bioassay of two choices with spider mite and female mites arranged on the surface of a coverslip connected to two leaflets.
Petri dishes with strawberry leaflets from the cultivar ‘Sweet Charlie’ for bioassay of two choices with spider mite and female mites arranged on the surface of a coverslip connected to two leaflets.

Figure 2

Petri dishes with strawberry leaflets from the cultivar ‘Sweet Charlie’ to biossay no-choice with the spider mite.
Petri dishes with strawberry leaflets from the cultivar ‘Sweet Charlie’ to biossay no-choice with the spider mite.

Figure 3

Density of non-glandular trichomes in strawberry leaflets of the cultivar ‘Sweet Charlie’ arranged on the abaxial surface, treated with doses of salicylic acid: (A) control; (B) 25 mg · L−1; (C) 50 mg · L−1; (D) 75 mg · L−1 and (E) 100 mg · L−1.
Density of non-glandular trichomes in strawberry leaflets of the cultivar ‘Sweet Charlie’ arranged on the abaxial surface, treated with doses of salicylic acid: (A) control; (B) 25 mg · L−1; (C) 50 mg · L−1; (D) 75 mg · L−1 and (E) 100 mg · L−1.

Figure 4

Morpho-anatomical traits of strawberry cv. ‘Sweet Charlie’ leaflets from plants treated with exogenous salicylic acid: (A) number to glandular trichomes; (B) number of non-glandular trichomes; (C) leaflet thickness; (D) mesophyll thickness; (E) adaxial epidermis thickness; (F) abaxial epidermis thickness; (G) palisade parenchyma thickness and (H) lacunous parenchyma thickness. Numbers in 300 μm2.
Morpho-anatomical traits of strawberry cv. ‘Sweet Charlie’ leaflets from plants treated with exogenous salicylic acid: (A) number to glandular trichomes; (B) number of non-glandular trichomes; (C) leaflet thickness; (D) mesophyll thickness; (E) adaxial epidermis thickness; (F) abaxial epidermis thickness; (G) palisade parenchyma thickness and (H) lacunous parenchyma thickness. Numbers in 300 μm2.

Figure 5

Morpho-anatomical changes in leaflets of strawberry cv. ‘Sweet Charlie’ from plants treated with exogenous salicylic acid concentrations: (A) 0 mg · L−1, (B) 25 mg · L−1, (C) 50 mg · L−1, (D) 75 mg · L−1 and (E) 100 mg · L−1. Numeric values indicate leaflet thickness (LT) and arrows indicate the characteristics of palisade parenchyma thickness (PP), lacunous parenchyma thickness (LP), thickness of the abaxial cell wall (AbCW) and thickness of the adaxial cell wall (AdCW).
Morpho-anatomical changes in leaflets of strawberry cv. ‘Sweet Charlie’ from plants treated with exogenous salicylic acid concentrations: (A) 0 mg · L−1, (B) 25 mg · L−1, (C) 50 mg · L−1, (D) 75 mg · L−1 and (E) 100 mg · L−1. Numeric values indicate leaflet thickness (LT) and arrows indicate the characteristics of palisade parenchyma thickness (PP), lacunous parenchyma thickness (LP), thickness of the abaxial cell wall (AbCW) and thickness of the adaxial cell wall (AdCW).

Figure 6

Responses of Tetranychus urticae to foliar disks of strawberry cv. ‘Sweet Charlie’ (control versus 25 mg · L−1, 50 mg · L−1, 75 mg · L−1 and 100 mg · L−1 of salicylic acid) in the two-choice Petri dishes assay.
Responses of Tetranychus urticae to foliar disks of strawberry cv. ‘Sweet Charlie’ (control versus 25 mg · L−1, 50 mg · L−1, 75 mg · L−1 and 100 mg · L−1 of salicylic acid) in the two-choice Petri dishes assay.

Figure 7

Number of eggs and live females of Tetranychus urticae per mm2 in foliar disks of strawberry cv. Sweet Charlie treated with concentrations of 0 (control), 25 mg · L−1, 50 mg · L−1, 75 mg · L−1 and 100 mg · L−1 of salicylic acid.
Number of eggs and live females of Tetranychus urticae per mm2 in foliar disks of strawberry cv. Sweet Charlie treated with concentrations of 0 (control), 25 mg · L−1, 50 mg · L−1, 75 mg · L−1 and 100 mg · L−1 of salicylic acid.

Figure 8

Correlation network among variables: leaflet thickness (LT), mesophyll thickness (MT), palisade parenchyma thickness (PP), lacunous parenchyma thickness (LP), abaxial cell wall thickness (AbCW), adaxial cell wall thickness (AdCW), number of glandular trichomes (GT), number of non-glandular trichomes (NGT), number of eggs (NE) and number of live females (NM). Red and green lines indicate positive and negative correlations, respectively, significant at 5% by t-student test. Line thickness is proportional to the correlation magnitude.
Correlation network among variables: leaflet thickness (LT), mesophyll thickness (MT), palisade parenchyma thickness (PP), lacunous parenchyma thickness (LP), abaxial cell wall thickness (AbCW), adaxial cell wall thickness (AdCW), number of glandular trichomes (GT), number of non-glandular trichomes (NGT), number of eggs (NE) and number of live females (NM). Red and green lines indicate positive and negative correlations, respectively, significant at 5% by t-student test. Line thickness is proportional to the correlation magnitude.

Figure 9

Principal component analysis (PCA) of salicylic acid concentrations evaluated for the variable leaflet thickness (LT), mesophyll thickness (MT), palisade parenchyma thickness (PP), lacunous parenchyma thickness (LP), abaxial cell wall thickness (AbCW), adaxial cell wall thickness (AdCW), number of glandular trichomes (GT), number of non-glandular trichomes (NGT), number of eggs (NE) and number of live females (NM).
Principal component analysis (PCA) of salicylic acid concentrations evaluated for the variable leaflet thickness (LT), mesophyll thickness (MT), palisade parenchyma thickness (PP), lacunous parenchyma thickness (LP), abaxial cell wall thickness (AbCW), adaxial cell wall thickness (AdCW), number of glandular trichomes (GT), number of non-glandular trichomes (NGT), number of eggs (NE) and number of live females (NM).
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