Ecological and trophic determination of the ontogenesis in vitro plants of the genus Betula

A comprehensive assessment was conducted to identify the features of decontamination formation, morphogenesis of primary explants of birch genus plants and their regeneration at the stages of obtaining aseptic culture, multiplication and induction of rhizogenesis. According to the ‘step-by-step’ principle, the following were selected: the best age of explant donors and the conditions of their cultivation, namely, a depository with diffused lighting and fungicidal and bactericidal protection. The effectiveness of the use of Blanidas 300 as a decontaminant was substantiated. The peculiarities of the trophic determination of plant objects by artificial nutrient media with different compositions of mineral elements were established. The effect of phytotoxicity caused by excess nitrogen in the Morayshire and Skoog nutrient medium and excess sulphur in the Lloyd-McCone (WPM) artificial nutrient medium was established. The effect of pH on the availability of elements of mineral nutrition was revealed; the peculiarities of heterotrophic nutrition were investigated; the determinants at the stages of rhizogenesis and adaptation were identified; and the peculiarities of the ontogenesis of plant objects were determined. For effective decontamination and improvement of the regeneration process of primary explants, it is advisable to use one-year-old juvenile donors, grown under diffused lighting in depository conditions and with a system of compatible fungicidal and bactericidal measures. Based on experimental data, the expediency of the principle of using the main and unloading nutrient media is substantiated.