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The Association Between Serum Carnitine Level, Glucose Regulation, Body Fat and Nutrient Intake in Diabetic Individuals

Şehriban Duyar Özer
Şehriban Duyar Özer
 e 
Makbule Gezmen Karadağ
Makbule Gezmen Karadağ
   | 22 apr 2021
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Article Category: Research Article
Pubblicato online: 22 apr 2021
Pagine: 92 - 99
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ebtj-2021-0013
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© 2021 Şehriban Duyar Özer, Makbule Gezmen Karadağ, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

The amount of daily dietary energy and nutrients intake

Male Female
Patients (n:16) Healthy (n:16) Patients (n:16) Healthy (n:16)
Energy nutrients and X̅ ±SD Med ±IQR X̅ ±SD Med±IQR X̅ ±SD Med±IQR X̅ ±SD Med±IQR
Energy (kkal) 1957 ±455,25 1843±742,11 2832±524,52 2815±584,60 1563±395,75 1557±367,31 2341±623,61 2246±924,82
t=-5,040 p=0,000** Z=-3,731 p=0,000**
Carbohydrate (g) 221,8±59,63 207,4±66,05 394,8±96,21 387,8±53,82 155,6±44,48 149,0±45,48 328,5±104,81 346,3±144,56
t=-6,113 p=0,000** Z=-4,221 p=0,000**
Carbohydrate (%) 46,7±8,43 49,0±15,75 56,7±5,70 57,0±8,50 40,8±3,89 40,0±4,75 56,8±8,00 60,0±10,75
t=-3,932 p=0,001** t=-7,195 p=0,000**
Fiber (g) 26,9±10,97 26,7±12,74 36,2±11,89 34,4±12,39 19,3±6,37 17,9±11,86 29,3±7,84 29,6±8,38
t=-2,308 p=0,028* t=-3,986 p=0,000**
Protein (g) 63,8±19,20 57,5±19,21 91,0±23,98 94,7±36,79 49,5±19,63 46,3±16,66 62,9±18,57 58,9±30,28
t=-3,539 p=0,001** Z=-2,337 p=0,019*
Animal (g) protein 30,5±14,20 28,6±15,89 36,3±16,58 30,1±27,82 24,3±18,50 20,5±16,65 17,3±11,36 14,5±10,29
Z=-0,942 p=0,346 Z=-1,357 p=0,175
Total fat (g) 88,4±30,40 82,3±50,65 94,3±16,79 95,3±28,49 80,8±21,24 82,9±34,84 83,5±28,09 79,4±38,36
t=-0,686 p=0,500 t=-0,316 p=0,754
PUFA (g) 20,7±12,20 17,2±20,04 17,3±6,70 16,7±12,40 20,3±8,96 20,5±15,52 15,5±14,99 15,5±18,90
t=0,952 p=0,350 Z=-1,131 p=0,258
n-3 (g) 1,8±1,02 1,5±1,75 2,2±0,95 1,9±1,37 1,6±1,16 1,4±0,97 1,8±1,12 1,1±2,05
Z=-1,357 p=0,175 Z=-0,094 p=0,925
n-6 (g) 18,7±11,69 15,9±18,61 15,1±6,66 13,7±10,70 18,6±8,68 18,9±13,93 16,4±14,40 12,9±18,75
t=1,093 p=0,285 Z=-1,244 p=0,214

Individuals' serum carnitine, biochemical parameters and HOMA-IR values

Male Female
Patients (n:16) Healthy (n:16) Patients (n:16) Healthy (n:16)
Parameters X̅ ±SD Med±IQR X̅ ±SD Med±IQR X̅ ±SD Med±IQR X̅ ±SD Med±IQR
Serum glucose (mg/dL) 143,2±48,30 125,5±48,25 85,6±10,97 82,5±16,25 162,3±71,19 137,5±88,50 84,1±7,55 83,5±12,00
Z=-4,523 p=0,000** Z=-4,638 p=0,000**
Serum insulin (mU/ L) 14,6±8,21 13,7±13,40 8,4±3,87 8,2±5,28 18,2±9,04 16,7±12,91 6,7±2,67 5,9±3,23
t=2,734 p=0,012* Z=-4,372 p=0,000**
Serum total cholesterol (mg/dL) 193,8±24,67 193,1±45,08 152,7±31,51 154,5±48,00 191,2±66,55 186,6±74,18 155,1±25,60 156,0±30,75
t=4,104 p=0,000** t=2,028 p=0,057
Serum LDL-dL) C (mg/ 119,6±20,21 117,8±29,25 109,8±25,26 109,5±39,75 121,7±42,46 116,2±55,55 106,9±17,87 105,0±20,75
t=1,210 p=0,236 t=1,285 p=0,213
Serum HDL-C (mg/ dL) 40,0±7,33 39,6±10,60 32,2±6,91 31,9±11,85 48,1±12,28 47,4±18,90 38,4±8,23 37,2±10,33
t=3,116 p=0,004** t=2,620 p=0,014*
Serum VLDL-C (mg/ dL) 34,2±10,78 33,1±14,45 19,4±6,53 20,0±9,00 36,9±19,46 33,1±38,61 18,2±10,34 14,0±7,25
t=4,691 p=0,000** Z=-3,209 p=0,001**
Serum triglycerides (mg/ dL) 171,0±53,88 165,9±72,15 96,7±33,07 99,1±46,43 193,1±117,87 165,5±193,05 91,2±51,83 70,8±36,08
t=4,701 p=0,000** Z=-3,128 p=0,002**
HOMA-IR 5,2±3,33 4,2±5,32 1,8±0,91 1,7±1,53 7,0±3,62 6,7±6,83 1,4±0,66 1,2±0,76
t=3,911 p=0,001** Z=-4,711 p=0,000**
Serum carnitine (nmol/ mL) 51,6±12,08 50,6±20,83 68,1±26,57 59,5±17,25 56,9±10,91+ 59,7±12,65+ 66,7±23,23 62,3±15,43
Z=-2,450 p=0,014* Z=-1,319 p=0,187

Individuals' age, BMI, and some anthropometric measurements

Male Female
Patients (n:16) Healthy (n:16) Patients (n:16) Healthy (n:16)
X̅ ±SD Med±IQR X̅ ±SD Med±IQR X̅ ±SD Med±IQR X̅ ±SD Med±IQR
Age (yıl) 47,4±8,06 49,5±9,25 47,9±7,37 50,0±6,25 44,2±6,65 46,5±4,50 41,3±7,45 40,5±11,75
Z=-0,076 p=0,940 Z=-1,304 p=0,192
Body (kg) weight 79,1±13,84 78,4±17,13 84,3±11,82 82,9±16,20 83,5±11,84 79,5±17,13 85,5±15,24 85,2±19,53
t=-1,140 p=0,263 t=-0,414 p=0,681
BMI (kg/m2) 27,9±4,25 27,4±6,04 27,9±3,70 27,4±4,46 34,8±5,21 33,9±8,18 34,0±5,96 33,1±7,94
t=-0,010 p=0,992 t=0,389 p=0,700
Body centage fat per- (%) 25,9±5,35 25,3±10,53 27,7±6,58 27,3±6,65 41,9±4,04 41,7±7,80 42,4±5,82 43,0±7,28
t=-0,834 p=0,411 t=-0,275 p=0,785
Body (fat kg) mass 21,1±7,69 19,3±12,92 23,9±8,55 23,5±8,47 35,4±8,19 32,87±14,57 37,0±11,23 36,91±10,62
t=-0,951 p=0,349 t=-0,465 p=0,646

Relationship between serum carnitine levels and some parameters in individuals

Male Female
Patients (n:16) Healthy (n:16) Patients (n:16) Healthy (n:16)
Parameters r p r p r p r p
Dietary intake energy (kkal) -0,406 0,119 -0,144 0,594 0,021 0,940 -0,291 0,274
Dietary carbohydrate intake (g) -0,496 0,051 -0,138 0,610 0,013 0,961 -0,338 0,200
Carbohydrate percentage (%) -0,121 0,657 -0,102 0,707 0,069 0,800 0,112 0,679
Dietary intake fiber (g) -0,411 0,114 0,144 0,594 0,451 0,079 -0,503 0,047*
Dietary intake protein (g) 0,075 0,782 -0,121 0,656 0,175 0,120 -0,374 0,154
Dietary animal protein intake (g) 0,113 0,676 -0,018 0,948 -0,037 0,892 0,006 0,983
Dietary intake total (g) fat -0,267 0,317 0,026 0,922 0,115 0,670 -0,435 0,092
Dietary intake PUFA (g) -0,187 0,489 0,691 0,003** -0,389 0,137 -0,044 0,871
Dietary intake n-(g) 3 -0,006 0,983 0,341 0,196 0,034 0,901 -0,242 0,367
Dietary intake n-6 (g) -0,385 0,141 0,706 0,002** -0,262 0,327 -0,274 0,305
Serum (mg/glucose dL) -0,121 0,656 -0,345 0,191 0,063 0,816 -0,344 0,192
Serum (mU/insulin L) -0,161 0,553 -0,144 0,594 -0,080 0,770 -0,374 0,154
HOMA-IR -0,201 0,455 -0,174 0,520 0,005 0,985 -0,450 0,080
Body (kg) weight 0,110 0,686 -0,115 0,672 -0,205 0,446 -0,676 0,004**
BMI (kg/m2) 0,068 0,801 -0,418 0,107 -0,015 0,956 -0,632 0,009**
Body centage fat per- (%) -0,131 0,628 -0,032 0,905 -0,154 0,570 -0,424 0,102
Body (fat kg) mass -0,005 0,984 -0,094 0,729 -0,211 0,432 -0,526 0,036*
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