Faecal microbiota transplantation associated adverse events

1 Zhang F, Luo W, Shi Y, Fan Z, Ji G. Should we standardize the 1,700-year-old fecal microbiota transplantation? Am J Gastroenterol. 2012;107:1755. Search in Google Scholar

2 Brandt LJ. Fecal microbiota transplant: respice, adspice, prospice. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2015;49:65-8. Search in Google Scholar

3 Eiseman B, Silen W, Bascom GS, Kuavar AJ. Fecal enema as an adjunct in the treatment of pseudomembranous enterocolitis. Surgery. 1958;44:854-9. Search in Google Scholar

4 Schwan A, Sjölin S, Trottestam U, Aronsson B. Relapsing Clostridium difficile enterocolitis cured by rectal infusion of normal faeces. Sca J Infectious Diseases. 1984;16:211-5. Search in Google Scholar

5 Borody TJ, George L, Andrews P Brandl S, Noonan S, Cole P, et al. Bowel-flora alteration: a potential cure for inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome? Med J Aust. 1989;150:604. Search in Google Scholar

6 Bennet JD, Brinkman M. Treatment of ulcerative colitis by implantation of normal colonic flora. Lancet. 1989;1,8630:164. Search in Google Scholar

7 Philips CA, Pande A, Shasthry SM, Jamwal KD, Khillan V, Chandel SS, et al. Healthy donor fecal microbiota transplantation in steroid-ineligible severe alcoholic hepatitis: a pilot study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;15:600-2. Search in Google Scholar

8 Philips CA, Phadke N, Ganesan K, Ranade S, Augustine P. Corticosteroids, nutrition, pentoxifylline, or fecal microbiota transplantation for severe alcoholic hepatitis. Indian J Gastroenterol. 2018;37(3):215-25. Search in Google Scholar

9 Smits WK, Lyras D, Lacy DB, Wilcox MH, Kuijper EJ. Clostridium difficile infection. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2016;2:16020. Search in Google Scholar

10 Van Nood E, Vrieze A. Nieuwdorp M, Fuentes S, Zoetendal EG, de Vos WM, et al. Duodenal infusion of donor feces for recurrent Clostridium difficile. N Engl J Med. 2013;368:407-15. Search in Google Scholar

11 Marotz CA, Zarrinpar A. Treating obesity and metabolic syndrome with fecal microbiota transplantation. Yale J Biol Med. 2016;89:383-8. Search in Google Scholar

12 Cheng F, Huang Z, Wei W, Li Z. Fecal microbiota transplantation for Crohn’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Tech Coloproctol. 2021;25:495-504. Search in Google Scholar

13 Wei Y, Li N, Xing H, Guo T, Gong H, Chen D. Effectiveness of fecal microbiota transplantation for severe diarrhea after drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome. Med Baltimore. 2019;98(52):e18476. Search in Google Scholar

14 Preidis G.A, Versalovic J. Targeting the human microbiome with antibiotics, probiotics, and prebiotics: gastroenterology enters the metagenomics era. Gastroenterology. 2009;136:2015-31. Search in Google Scholar

15 El-Matary W, Simpson R, Ricketts-Burns N. Fecal microbiota transplantation: are we opening a can of worms ? Gastroenterology. 2012;143:e19-e20. Search in Google Scholar

16 Costello SP, Hughes PA, Waters O. Bryant RV, Vincent AD, Blatchford P, et al. Effect of fecal microbiota transplantation on 8-week remission in patients with ulcerative colitis: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2019;321:156-64. Search in Google Scholar

17 Palmer R, Dimairo M, Latimer N, Cross E, Brady M, Enderby P, et al. Definitions of adverse events and serious adverse events and categories of serious adverse event results. W: Computerised speech and language therapy or attention control added to usual care for people with long-term post-stroke aphasia: the Big CACTUS three-arm RCT. NIHR Journals Library; 2020. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556726/. Search in Google Scholar

18 Bajaj JS, Shamsaddini A, Fagan A, Sterling RK, Gavis E, Khoruts A, et al. Fecal microbiota transplant in cirrhosis reduces gut microbial antibiotic resistance genes: Analysis of two trials. Hepatol Commun. 2020;5(2):258-71. Search in Google Scholar

19 Shasthry SM. Fecal microbiota transplantation in alcohol related liver diseases. Clin Mol Hepatol. 2020;26(3):294-301. Search in Google Scholar

20 Li J, Wang D, Sun J. Application of fecal microbial transplantation in hepatic encephalopathy after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. Medicine (Baltimore). 2022;101(3):e28584. Search in Google Scholar

21 Chauhan A, Kumar R, Sharma S, Mahanta M, Vayuuru SK, Nayak B, et al. Fecal microbiota transplantation in hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B patients: A pilot study. Dig Dis Sci. 2021;66:873-80. Search in Google Scholar

22 Sun L, Li J, Lan LL, Li XA. The effect of fecal microbiota transplantation on Hepatic myelopathy: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019;98(28):e16430. Search in Google Scholar

23 Jiang ZD, Ajami NH, Petrosino JF, Jun G, Hanis CL, Shah M, et al. Randomised clinical trial: faecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent Clostridum difficile infection – fresh, or frozen, or lyophilised microbiota from a small pool of healthy donors delivered by colonoscopy. Alimentary Pharmacol Ther. 2017;45(7):899-908. Search in Google Scholar

24 Grehan MJ, Borody TJ, Leis SM, Campbell J, Mitchell H, Wettstein A. Durable alteration of the colonic microbiota by the administration of donor fecal flora. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2010;44:551-61. Search in Google Scholar

25 Kump PK, Grochenig HP, Lackner S, Trajanoski S, Reicht G, Hoffmann KM, et al. Alteration of intestinal dysbiosis by fecal microbiota transplantation does not induce remission in patients with chronic active ulcerative colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2013;19: 2155-65. Search in Google Scholar

26 Kunde S, Pham A, Bonczyk S, Crumb T, Duba M, Conrad H Jr, et al. Safety, tolerability, and clinical response after fecal transplantation in children and young adults with ulcerative colitis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2013;56(6):597-601. Search in Google Scholar

27 Baxter M, Colville A. Adverse events in faecal microbiota transplant: a review of the literature. J Hosp Infect. 2016;92(2):117-27. Search in Google Scholar

28 Suskind DL, Brittnacher MJ, Wahbeh G, Shaffer ML, Hayden HS, Qin X, et al. Fecal microbial transplant effect on clinical outcomes and fecal microbiome in active Crohn’s disease. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. 2015;21(3):556-63. Search in Google Scholar

29 Wang S, Xu M, Wang W, Cao X, Piao M, Khan S, et al. Systematic review: Adverse events of fecal microbiota transplantation. PLoS One. 2016;11(8):e0161174. Search in Google Scholar

30 Li N, Tian H, Ma C, Ding C, Ge X, Gu L, et al. Efficacy analysis of fecal microbiota transplantation in the treatment of 406 cases with gastrointestinal disorders. Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2017;20(1):40-6. Search in Google Scholar

31 Zhang XY, Wang YZ, Li XL, Hu H, Liu HF, Li D, et al. Safety of fecal microbiota transplantation in Chinese children: A single-center retrospective study. World J Clin Cases. 2018;6(16):1121-7. Search in Google Scholar

32 Wang W, Cui B, Li Q, Ding X, Li P, Zhang T, et al. The safety of fecal microbiota transplantation for crohn’s disease: findings from a long-term study. Adv Ther. 2018;35(11):1935-44. Search in Google Scholar

33 DeFilipp Z, Bloom PP, Soto MT, Mansour MK, Sater MRA, Huntley MH, et al. Drug-resistant E. coli bacteremia transmitted by fecal microbiota transplant. N Engl J Med. 2019;381:2043-50. Search in Google Scholar

34 Marcella C, Cui B, Kelly CR, Ianiro G, Cammarota G, Zhang F. Systematic review: the global incidence of faecal microbiota transplantation-related adverse events from 2000 to 2020. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2021;53(1):33-42. Search in Google Scholar

35 Michailidis L, Currier AC, Le M, Flomenhoft DR. Adverse events of fecal microbiota transplantation: a meta-analysis of high-quality studies. Ann Gastroenterol. 2021;34(6):802-14. Search in Google Scholar

36 Saha S, Mara K, Pardi DS, Khanna S. Long-term safety of fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent clostridioides difficile infection. Gastroenterology. 2021;160(6):1961-69.e3. Search in Google Scholar

37 Yadav D, Khanna S. Safety of fecal microbiota transplantation for Clostridioides difficile infection focusing on pathobionts and SARSCoV-2. Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2021;21:14. Search in Google Scholar

38 Kang Y, Cai Y. Altered Gut Microbiota in HIV Infection: Future Perspective of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Therapy. Mary Ann Liebert, Inc; 2019. Search in Google Scholar

39 Bakken JS, Borody T, Brandt LJ, Brill JV, Demarco DC, Franzos MA, et al. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Workgroup. Treating Clostridium difficile infection with fecal microbiota transplantation. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011;9(12):1044-9. Search in Google Scholar

40 Li XX, Hu XM, Zhang DW. Advance in research on fecal microbiota transplantation and therapy in inflammatory bowel disease. Chin J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;27:220-3. Search in Google Scholar

41 Fang H, Fu L, Wang J. Protocol for fecal microbiota transplantation in inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biomed Res Int. 2018;13(2018):8941340. Search in Google Scholar

42 Aas J, Gessert CE, Bakken JS. Recurrent Clostridium Difficile Colitis: Case Series Involving 18 Patients Treated with Donor Stool Administered via a Nasogastric Tube. Cli Inf Diseases. 2003;36:580-5. Search in Google Scholar

43 Borody TJ, Warren EF, Leis S. Surace R, Ashman O. Treatment of ulcerative colitis using fecal bacteriotherapy. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2003;37:42-7. Search in Google Scholar

44 Choi HH, Cho YS. Fecal microbiota transplantation: Current applications, effectiveness, and future perspectives. Clin Endosc. 2016;49(3):257-65. Search in Google Scholar

45 Kao D, Roach B, Silva M, Beck P, Rioux K, Kaplan GG, et al. Effect of oral capsule- vs colonoscopy-delivered fecal microbiota transplantation on recurrent Clostridium difficile infection: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2017;318:1985-93. Search in Google Scholar

46 Wilson BC, Vatanen T, Cutfield WS, O’Sullivan JM. The super -donor phenomenon in fecal microbiota transplantation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2019;9:2. Search in Google Scholar

47 McCune V L, Quraishi MN, Manzoor S, Moran CE, Banavathi K, Steed H, et al. Results from the first English stool bank using faecal microbiota transplant as a medicinal product for the treatment of Clostridioides difficile infection. E Clin Med. 2020;20:100301. Search in Google Scholar

48 Borody TJ, Brandt LJ, Paramsothy S. Therapeutic faecal microbiota transplantation: current status and future developments. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2014;30:97-105. Search in Google Scholar

49 He Z, Cui BT, Zhang T, Li P, Long CY, Ji GZ, et al. Fecal microbiota transplantation cured epilepsy in a case with Crohn’s disease: the first report. World J Gastroenterol. 2017;23:3565-8. Search in Google Scholar

50 Rossen NG, Fuentes S, Van der Spek MJ, Tijssen JG, Hartman JH, Duflou A, et al. Findings from a randomized controlled trial of fecal transplantation for patients with ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology. 2015;149:110-8.e4 Search in Google Scholar

51 Mullish BH, Quraishi MN, Segal JP, McCune VL, Baxter M, Marsden GL, et al. The use of faecal microbiota transplant as treatment for recurrent or refractory Clostridium difficile infection and other potential indications: joint British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) and Healthcare Infection Society (HIS) guidelines. J Hosp Infect. 2018;100(1):1-31. Search in Google Scholar

52 Burke KE, Lamont JT. Fecal transplantation for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection in older adults: A review. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2013;61(8):1394-8. Search in Google Scholar

53 Coskunpinar E, Islamzade F, Yilmaz EP, Ors CH, Adak H, Yesiltepe A. The importance of fecal transplantation in personalized medicine. Bezmialem Science. 2018;6(4):305-11. Search in Google Scholar

54 Kelly CR, de Leon L, Jasutkar N. Fecal microbiota transplantation for relapsing Clostridium difficile infection in 26 patients: methodology and results. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2012;46(2):145-9. Search in Google Scholar

55 Kelly CR, Khoruts A, Staley C, Sadowsky MJ, Abd M, Alani M, et al. Effect of fecal microbiota transplantation on recurrence in multiply recurrent Clostridium difficile infection: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2016;165:609-16. Search in Google Scholar

56 Wen W, Zhang H, Shen J, Wei L, Shen S. Fecal microbiota transplantation for patients with irritable bowel syndrome: a meta-analysis protocol. Medicine Baltimore. 2018;97:e12661. Search in Google Scholar

57 Ianiro G, Bibbo S, Scaldaferri F, Gasbarrini A, Cammarota G. Fecal microbiota transplantation in inflammatory bowel disease: beyond the excitement. Medicine Baltimore. 2014;93:e97. Search in Google Scholar

58 Ding C, Fan W, Gu L, Tian H, Ge X, Gong J, et al. Outcomes and prognostic factors of fecal microbiota transplantation in patients with slow transit constipation: results from a prospective study with long-term follow-up. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf). 2018;6:101-7. Search in Google Scholar

59 Li N, Tian HL, Chen QY, Yang B, Ma CL, Lin ZL, et al. Efficacy analysis of fecal microbiota transplantation in the treatment of 2010 patients with intestinal disorders. Chin J Gastrointestinal Surgery. 2019;22(9):861-8. Search in Google Scholar

60 Cammarota G, Masucci L, Ianiro G, Bibbò S, Dinoi G, Costamagna G, et al. Randomised clinical trial: faecal microbiota transplantation by colonoscopy vs. vancomycin for the treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2015; 41:835-43. Search in Google Scholar

61 Antushevich H. Fecal microbiota transplantation in disease therapy. Clinica Chimica Acta. 2020:503:90-8. Search in Google Scholar

62 Bajaj JS, Khoruts A. Microbiota changes and intestinal microbiota transplantation in liver diseases and cirrhosis. J Hepatology. 2020;72(5):1003-27. Search in Google Scholar

63 Philips CA, Phadke N, Ganesan K, Ranade S, Augustine P. Corticosteroids, nutrition, pentoxifylline, or fecal microbiota transplantation for severe alcoholic hepatitis. Indian J Gastroenterol. 2018;37(3):215-25. Search in Google Scholar

64 Bajaj JS, Kassam Z, Fagan A, Gavis EA, Liu E, Cox IJ, et al. Fecal microbiota transplant from a rational stool donor improves hepatic encephalopathy: A randomized clinical trial. Hepatology. 2017;66: 1727-38. Search in Google Scholar

65 Mullish BH, McDonald J, Thursz MR, Marchesi JR. Fecal microbiota transplant from a rational stool donor improves hepatic encephalopathy: a randomized clinical trial. Hepatology. 2017;66: 1354-5. Search in Google Scholar

66 Ren YD, Ye ZS, Yang LZ, Jin LX, Wei WJ, Deng YY, et al. Fecal microbiota transplantation induces hepatitis B virus e-antigen (HBeAg) clearance in patients with positive HBeAg after long-term antiviral therapy. Hepatology. 2017;65:1765-8. Search in Google Scholar

67 Kao D, Roach B, Park H, Hotte N, Madsen K, Bain V, et al. Fecal microbiota transplantation in the management of hepatic encephalopathy. Hepatology. 2016;63:339-40. Search in Google Scholar

68 Rebello D, Wang E, Yen E, Lio PA, Kelly CR. Hair growth in two alopecia patients after fecal microbiota transplant. ACG Case Rep J. 2017;4:e107. Search in Google Scholar

69 Zhao H, Yichao S, Luo X, Peng L, Yang Y, Zou L. The Effect of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation on a Child with Tourette Syndrome. Case Reports in Medicine. 2017;2017:6165239. Search in Google Scholar

70 Kang Y, Cai V. Future prospect of faecal microbiota transplantation as a potential therapy in asthma. Allergologia et Immunopathologia. 2018;46,(3):307-9. Search in Google Scholar

71 Sampson, TR, Mazmanian SK. Control of brain development, function, and behavior by the microbiome. Cell Host Microbe. 2015; 17:565-76. Search in Google Scholar

72 Xu MQ, Cao H, Wang WQ, Wang S, Cao XC, Yan F, et al. Fecal microbiota transplantation broadening its application beyond intestinal disorders. World J Gastroenterol. 2015;21(1):102-11. Search in Google Scholar

73 Quaranta G, Sanguinetti M, Masucci L. Fecal microbiota transplantation: a potential tool for treatment of human female reproductive tract diseases. Frontiers in Immunology. 2019;10:2653. Search in Google Scholar

74 Aroniadis O, Brandt L. Fecal microbiota transplantation: past, present and future. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2013;29:79-84. Search in Google Scholar

75 Zheng YM, He XX, Xia HH, Yuan Y, Xie WR, Cai JY, et al. Multi-donor multi-course faecal microbiota transplantation relieves the symptoms of chronic hemorrhagic radiation proctitis: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020;99(39):e22298. Search in Google Scholar

76 Zhou G, Zeng J, Peng L, Wang L, Zheng W, Di Wu, et al. Fecal microbiota transplantation for membranous nephropathy. CEN Case Rep. 2021;10:261-4. Search in Google Scholar

77 Cheng F, Huang Z, Wei W, Li Z. Fecal microbiota transplantation for Crohn’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Tech Coloproctol. 2021;25:495-504. Search in Google Scholar

78 Saha S, Tariq R, Tosh PK, Pardi DS, Khanna S. Faecal microbiota transplantation for eradicating carriage of multidrug-resistant organisms: a systematic review. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2019;25(8): 958-63. Search in Google Scholar

79 Crum-Cianflone NF, Sullivan E, Ballon-Landa G. Fecal microbiota transplantation and successful resolution of multidrug-resistant-organism colonization. J Cl Microbiol. 2015;53(6):1986-9. Search in Google Scholar

80 Act of September 6, 2001 Pharmaceutical law. Journal of Laws 2023, item 605 with later Amended. Search in Google Scholar

81 Wiela-Hojeńska A, Łapiński Ł. Undesirable effects of drugs – types, division, causes and economic effects. Farm Pol. 2010;66(4): 275-88. Search in Google Scholar

82 Li N, Tian H. Current research progress and thinking of fecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2017;20(10):1104-8. Search in Google Scholar

83 Kassam Z, Lee CH, Yuan Y, Hunt RH. Fecal microbiota transplantation for Clostridium difficile infection: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013;108:500-8. Search in Google Scholar

84 Bakken JS, Polgreen PM, Beekmann SE, Riedo FX, Streit JA. Treatment approaches including fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (RCDI) among infectious disease physicians. Anaerobe. 2013;24:20-4. Search in Google Scholar

85 Zipursky JS, Sidorsky TI, Freedman CA, Sidorsky MN, Kirkland KB. Physician attitudes toward the use of fecal microbiota transplantation for the tre.atment of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014;28(6):319-24. Search in Google Scholar

86 Rao K, Safdar N. Fecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection. Journal of Hospital Medicine. 2016;11(1):56-61. Search in Google Scholar

87 Goyal A, Yeh A, Bush BR, Firek BA, Siebold LM, Rogers MB, et al. Safety, clinical response, and microbiome findings following fecal microbiota transplant in children with inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2018;24(2):410-21. Search in Google Scholar

88 McLeod C, Nerlich B, Jaspal P. Fecal microbiota transplants: emerging social representations in the English-language print media. New Genetics and Society. 2019;38(3):331-51. Search in Google Scholar

89 Dennis M, Salpeter MJ, Hota S. Low awareness but positive attitudes toward fecal transplantation in Ontario physicians. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol. 2015;26(1):30-2. Search in Google Scholar

90 Xu D, Chen VL, Steiner CA, Berinstein JA, Eswaran S, Waljee AK, et al. Efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation in irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am JGastroenterol. 2019;114(7):1043-50. Search in Google Scholar

91 Zhou Y, Xu H, Huang H, Li Y, Chen H, He J, et al. Are There Potential Applications of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation beyond Intestinal Disorders? Biomed Res Int. 2019;2019:3469754. Search in Google Scholar

92 Gutin L, Piceno Y, Fadrosh D, Lynch K, Zydek M, Kassam Z, et al. Fecal microbiota transplant for Crohn disease: a study evaluating safety, efficacy, and microbiome profile. United Eur Gastroenterol. 2019;7:807-14. Search in Google Scholar

93 Ooijevaar RE, Terveer EM, Verspaget HW, Kuijper EJ, Keller JJ. Clinical application and potential of fecal microbiota transplantation. Ann Rev Med. 2019;70(1):335-51. Search in Google Scholar

94 US Food and Drug Administration. Enforcement policy regarding investigational new drug requirements for use of fecal microbiota for transplantation to treat Clostridium difficile infection not responsive to standard therapies draft guidance for industry. Food and Drug Administration (FDA): Silver Spring; 2013. (access: 25.09.2022). Search in Google Scholar

95 Tian HL, Chen QY, Yang B Ma CL, Lin ZL, Zhang XY, et al. Effects of fecal microbiota transplantation in different routes on the clinical efficacy of slow transit constipation. Zhonghua wei Chang wai ke za zhi. 2020;23:63-8. Search in Google Scholar

96 Nicco C, Paule A, Konturek P, Edeas M. From donor to patient: collection, preparation and cryopreservation of fecal samples for fecal microbiota transplantation. Diseases. 2020;8(2):9. Search in Google Scholar

97 Park SY, Seo GS. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: Is It Safe? Clin Endosc. 2021;54(2):157-60. Search in Google Scholar

98 Ianiro G, Bibbò S, Masucci L, Quaranta G, Porcari S, Settanni CR, et al. Maintaining standard volumes, efficacy and safety, of fecal microbiota transplantation for C. difficile infection during the COVID-19 pandemic: A prospective cohort study. Dig Liver Dis. 2020;52(12):1390-5. Search in Google Scholar

99 Ianiro G, Mullish BH, Kelly CR, Kassam Z, Kuijper EJ, Ng SC, et al. Reorganisation of faecal microbiota transplant services during the COVID-19 pandemic. Gut. 2020;69:1555-63. Search in Google Scholar

100 Bibbò S, Settanni CR, Porcari S, Bocchino E, Ianiro G, Cammarota G, et al. Fecal microbiota transplantation: screening and selection to choose the optimal donor. J Clin Med. 2020;9(6):1757. Search in Google Scholar

101 Benard MV, de Bruijn CMA, Fenneman AC, Wortelboer K, Zeevenhoven J, Rethans B, et al. Challenges and costs of donor screening for fecal microbiota transplantations. PLoS One. 2022; 17(10):e0276323. Search in Google Scholar

102 Ng RW, Dharmaratne P, Wong S, Hawkey P, Chan P, Ip M. Revisiting the donor screening protocol of faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT): a systematic review. Gut. 2024;73:1029-31. Search in Google Scholar