This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Øgaard B, Rølla G, Arends J. Orthodontic appliances and enamel demineralization. Part 1. Lesion Development. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1988;94:68-73.Search in Google Scholar
Øgaard B, Seppä L, Rølla G. Professional topical fluoride applications - clinical efficacy and mechanism of action. Adv Dent Res 1994;8:190-201.Search in Google Scholar
Lundström F, Krasse B. Caries incidence in orthodontic patients with high levels of Streptococcus mutans. Eur J Orthod 1987;9:117-21.Search in Google Scholar
Lundström F, Krasse B. Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli frequency in orthodontic patients: the effect of chlorhexidine treatments. Eur J Orthod 1987;9:109-16.Search in Google Scholar
Petersson GH, Isberg PE, Twetman S. Caries risk assessment in school children using a reduced Cariogram model without saliva tests. BMC Oral Health 2010;10:5.Search in Google Scholar
Boersma JG, van der Veen MH, Lagerweij MD, Bokhout B, Prahl-Andersen B. Caries prevalence measured with QLF after treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances: influencing factors. Caries Res 2005;39:41-7.Search in Google Scholar
Richter AE, Arruda AO, Peters MC, Sohn W. Incidence of caries lesions among patients treated with comprehensive orthodontics. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2011;139:657-64.Search in Google Scholar
Øgaard B, Rølla G, Arends J, ten Cate JM. Orthodontic appliances and enamel demineralization Part 2. Prevention and treatment of lesions. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1988;94:123-8.Search in Google Scholar
Behnan SM, Arruda AO, Gonzales-Cabezas C, Sohn W, Peters MC. In-vitro evaluation of various treatments to prevent demineralization next to orthodontic brackets. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2010;138:712.e1-712.e7.Search in Google Scholar
Kronenberg O, Lussi A, Ruf S. Preventive effect of ozone on the development of white spot lesions during multibracket appliance therapy. Angle Orthod 2009;79:65-9.Search in Google Scholar
Scheie AA. The role of antimicrobials. In: Fejerskov O, Kidd E, eds. Dental caries: The disease and its clinical management. Copenhagen: Blackwell Publishing, 2003;179-88.Search in Google Scholar
Zickert I, Lindvall AM, Axelsson P. Effect on caries and gingivitis of a preventive program based on oral hygiene measures and fluoride application. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1982;10:289-95.Search in Google Scholar
Fardal O, Turnbull RS. A review of the literature on use of chlorhexidine in dentistry. J Am Dent Assoc 1986;112:863-9.Search in Google Scholar
Emilson CG. Potential efficacy of chlorhexidine against mutans streptococci and human dental caries. J Dent Res 1994;73:682-91.Search in Google Scholar
Pienihäkkinen K, Söderling E, Ostela I, Leskela I, Tenovuo J. Comparison of the efficacy of 40% chlorhexidine varnish and 1% chlorhexidine-fluoride gel in decreasing the level of salivary mutans streptococci. Caries Res 1995;29:62-7.Search in Google Scholar
Attin R, Tuna A, Attin T, Brunner E, Noack MJ. Efficacy of differently concentrated chlorhexidine varnishes in decreasing Mutans streptococci and lactobacilli counts. Arch Oral Biol 2003;48:503-9.Search in Google Scholar
Sandham HJ, Brown J, Phillips HI, Chan KH. A preliminary report of long-term elimination of detectable mutans streptococci in man. J Dent Res 1988;67:9-14.Search in Google Scholar
Schaeken MJ, Keltjens HM, Van Der Hoeven JS. Effects of fluoride and chlorhexidine on the microflora of dental root surfaces and progression of root-surface caries. J Dent Res 1991;70:150-3.Search in Google Scholar
Schaeken MJ, van der Hoeven JS, Hendriks JC. Effects of varnishes containing chlorhexidine on the human dental plaque flora. J Dent Res 1989; 68:1786-9.Search in Google Scholar
Schaeken MJ, De Haan P. Effects of sustained-release chlorhexidine acetate on the human dental plaque flora. J Dent Res 1989;68:119-23.Search in Google Scholar
Schaeken MJ, Schouten MJ, van den Kieboom CW, van der Hoeven JS. Influence of contact time and concentration of chlorhexidine varnish on mutans streptococci in interproximal dental plaque. Caries Res 1991;25:292-5.Search in Google Scholar
Jenatschke F, Elsenberger E, Welte HD, Schlagenhauf U. Influence of repeated chlorhexidine varnish applications on mutans streptococci counts and caries increment in patients treated with fixed orthodontic appliances. J Orofac Orthop 2001;62:36-45.Search in Google Scholar
Attin R, Thon C, Schlagenhauf U, Werner C, Wiegand A, Hannig C et al. Recolonization of mutans steptococci on teeth with orthodontic appliances after antimicrobial therapy. Eur J Orthod 2005;27:489-93.Search in Google Scholar
Jensen B, Bratthall D. A new method for the estimation of mutans streptococci in human saliva. J Dent Res 1989;68:468-71.Search in Google Scholar
Wallman C, Krasse B. A simple method for monitoring mutans streptococci in margins of restorations. J Dent 1993;21:216-19.Search in Google Scholar
Twetman S, Frostner N. Salivary mutans streptococci and caries prevalence in 8-year-old Swedish schoolchildren. Swed Dent J 1991;15:145-51.Search in Google Scholar
Brunner E, Domhof S, Langer F. Nonparametric analysis of longitudinal data in factorial designs. New York: Wiley; 2002. Chapter 8.3:130-52.Search in Google Scholar
Attin R, Ilse A, Werner C, Wiegand A, Attin T. Antimicrobial effectiveness of a highly concentrated chlorhexidine varnish treatment in teenagers with fixed orthodontic appliances. Angle Orthod 2006;76:1022-7.Search in Google Scholar
Gold OG, Jordan HV, Van Houte J. A selective medium for Streptococcus mutans. Arch Oral Biol 1973;18:1357-64.Search in Google Scholar
El-Nadeef MA, Bratthall D. Intraindividual variations in counts of mutans streptococci measured by “Strip mutans” method. Scand J Dent Res 1991;99:8-12.Search in Google Scholar
Twetman S. Antimicrobials in future caries control? A review with special reference to chlorhexidine treatment. Caries Res 2004;38:223-9.Search in Google Scholar
James P, Parnell C, Whelton H. The caries-preventive effect of chlorhexidine varnish in children and adolescents: a systematic review. Caries Res 2010;44:333-40.Search in Google Scholar
Derks A, Frencken J, Bronkhorst E, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM, Katsaros C. Effect of chlorhexidine varnish application on mutans streptococci counts in orthodontic patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2008;133:435-9.Search in Google Scholar
Beyth N, Redlich M, Harari D, Friedman M, Steinberg D. Effect of sustained-release chlorhexidine varnish on Streptococcus mutans and Actinomyces viscosus in orthodontic patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2003;123:345-8.Search in Google Scholar
