- Dettagli della rivista
- Formato
- Rivista
- eISSN
- 2444-8656
- Prima pubblicazione
- 01 Jan 2016
- Frequenza di pubblicazione
- 2 volte all'anno
- Lingue
- Inglese
As the reform process of college students’ higher education in China is gradually deepening, the research and practice of English teaching plans for college students in China have been widely organised and carried out [1]. The basic English knowledge teaching system required by college students must strive to embody high-level, systematic and practical application, focussing on the comprehensive training goal of graduate students’ academic English ability [2]. The main learning methods include introducing the education concept of CDIO engineering education reform into colleges practicing to teach English. There is research on the theories of second language acquisition and the progress in the implementation of theories in English teaching at the current stage of basic education in China [3]. Among them, there are also targeted studies on the training of academic English ability. Based on some characteristics and innovative methods of academic forum teaching research, many new research directions have been opened up for the development of practical English teaching in primary schools [4]. However, the main dimensions of our in-depth investigation into the teaching rules of English for college students in China are not sufficient and comprehensive, especially the specific cultivation of students’ independent learning ability and practical countermeasures.
The ‘output-based education (OBE)’ model refers to a model that takes the value orientation theory of student output as one of the basics of undergraduate teaching achievement evaluation. The main ideas include three basic concepts of ‘output-oriented’, ‘student-centred’ and ‘continuous improvement’ [5]. According to the basic idea of OBE training mode selection, the training mode and selection of vocational education for college students need us to seek the final answer from the ultimate recipient of college graduates [6]. Universities also need to provide different types of postgraduates according to PolyU students. Classification of different types of research is to establish a model of various methods for the cultivation of the innovative thinking ability not only to the school according to the practice of existing education scientific research achievements of how many degrees and its students about their academic innovation research to explore the practical ability for students of the only basis of a kind of innovative thinking ability cultivation way [7]. For high-school teaching reform and quality assessment, the results of learning orientation of the education reform ‘output-oriented’ principle, the ‘student-centred’ concept and the principle of ‘continuous improvement’ of all the three concepts fit-out of high-school teaching should respect the students with the real classroom learning and achievement feedback as the basic guide, in order to respect the students as the main body spirit and centre [8].
As such a passive learning method, the main ideological feature of autonomous learning education is to make students not only respond quickly to all kinds of knowledge taught in class in practice but also take responsibility for the results of autonomous learning completed by themselves [9]. Autonomous learning procedures include establishing lifelong learning activity objectives, determining specific learning objectives, progress objectives and completion methods, as well as tracking, monitoring, inspecting and evaluating the process progress and final effect quality of self-learning [10]. Independent learning will be affected by both the external development environment and the self-development of independent learners. The three key controllable factors in learner factor management are learning motivation, strategy and self-efficacy. Autonomous learning ability is an individual learning ability and awareness reflected in different time levels and dimensions of learning [11].
The following problems generally exist in college students’ English teaching:
There is no publication in China at present and in China which can fully meet the needs of the society to adapt to the reform of English curriculum teaching in China. The content can basically meet the needs of Chinese college students to learn English after attending a class which emphasises on English textbooks. The development of the general basic English teaching materials system in China is relatively backward, and most of the contents are too far away from the needs of contemporary students. English teaching materials are generally lacking in basic practicability and often have a series of problems such as the relative ageing of basic teaching ideas [12, 13]. The grammar of English. Besides traditional English teaching methods, English vocabulary explanation and classic reading and translation exercises are the two most important methods of foreign language learning guidance. There is no use of situational language teaching, and group communication and discussion ability are relatively low. Most college students’ English lovers lack systematic training in professional academic English application and communication skills and lack independent learning ability cultivation [14, 15]. It is based on the author’s observation of many years of practice in colleges teaching English. College students tend to spend little time on daily English course learning and tend to ‘utilitarianism’. In order to pass college courses and test scores as the sole goal of personal efforts, their personal academic goals and long-term professional ability development should be ignored. The main reasons are characterised as lack of awareness cultivation of independent learning ability and lack of opportunities to form good habits and not actively pursuing personalised learning methods and strategies [16, 17].
Based on the above problems, this paper proposes to introduce the OBE theory to analyse and put forward countermeasures for the cultivation of college students’ autonomous learning ability in English teaching. The main innovation points are as follows:
Given the traditional way of teaching English in college students in China, combined with the ways and problems of colleges teaching English, a complete set of self-learning ability frameworks in colleges teaching English based on OBE theory was proposed. The framework includes the use of online course teaching, teachers in colleges teaching English and college students’ personalised recommendation of English teaching videos. The introduction of the OBE teaching mode helps the Ministry of Education to strengthen the analysis of the ability demand of higher education for English knowledge learning skills of college students of science and engineering. At the same time, it promotes the overall development ability and platform construction of academic English teaching materials platform for postgraduate students. In the teaching activities, the language proficiency training of learners and the training of relevant professional ability training complement each other in a kind of benign educational interaction. It mainly reflects the complementary educational logic relationship between teaching content orientation and the realisation of practical teaching tasks, under the guidance of the concept of motivating all teachers to renew advanced teaching and active learning and absorbing the latest educational research results in the field of English. The OBE teaching mode will change the original teaching mode of traditional English thinking and the traditional teaching model of the main teacher. The main task is to cultivate the new century college students’ English ability to explore new knowledge and solve various problems through English learning and, at the same time, in order to improve the ability of contemporary college students to improve their independent English learning ability to train, guide and urge them to further adopt a variety of effective language learning strategies and actively create conditions for their academic education. The framework of cultivating students’ autonomous learning ability in English teaching based on the OBE theory proposed in this paper has been applied in a university. After a semester of study, the results are combined with teachers’ and college students’ questionnaire surveys. Based on the questionnaire results and analysis, the framework proposed in this paper is superior to other traditional English teaching methods. The experiment also shows that it not only improves the adaptability of college students’ English teaching but also improves their independent learning ability in English learning.
This paper proposes a complete set of OBE-based self-learning ability frameworks for college students’ English teaching, as shown in Figure 1. The main steps are as follows:
Through the reasonable setting of English teaching objectives and content: Innovation defines expected learning outcomes. The four aspects of teaching quality in the framework include innovation and entrepreneurship consciousness, international vision, interdisciplinary knowledge background and system integration ability. Four aspects of ability include practical problem-solving ability, innovation and entrepreneurship practice ability, comprehensive project research ability and professional competence. The main focus is to cultivate college students’ academic communication ability and practical application ability in literature reading, paper writing, international conference communication and other aspects [18]. Achieve high expected output of lifelong English learning service through collaborative innovation mechanism: The bilingual teaching community should be actively constructed, mainly in the form of an English teaching community and emphasising the cooperation between language teachers and teachers of other subjects. In the process of practical teaching, some common English network interactive teaching auxiliary software is used to answer online real-time questions and solve doubts about students’ English and related background knowledge learning. Offline English teachers are organised to participate in or guide all kinds of college students to participate in international academic conference online simulation and are invited to act as judges of the conference [19]. Actively innovate classroom teaching methods: Before class, students use the network-recommended English teaching videos in the framework to prepare theme-related learning materials for knowledge reserve. During the teaching exchange, teachers, students and their peers will conduct in-depth academic cross-discussion and communication and report to each other in groups around their respective established professional topics and give constructive opinions and suggestions to each other. After class, relying on the cloud classroom system of the school and the commonly used network social software of the school, one-to-one online and one-to-one extended course teaching will be carried out to realise the continuous one-to-one in-depth communication and sharing and homework guidance after class and improve each student’s accurate grasp of professional knowledge points after class [20]. Strive to open up space for innovation and practice. Academic English writing skills and English salon, etc. Provide a variety of language services required by college students [21]. Adhere to the implementation of multidimensional and interactive assessment to evaluate learning output. Insist on the combination of formative evaluation and summative evaluation and pay special attention to the process evaluation of learning style. Adhere to the principle of pluralism of evaluation subjects, that is, bring into play the joint role of teacher evaluation, peer evaluation and student self-evaluation. Students’ self-evaluation is conducive to the in-depth internalisation of knowledge [22].
Fig. 1
Cultivating college students’ autonomous learning ability based on OBE theory. OBE, output-based education
OBE teaching refers to the principle of teaching system design, and the highest goal of the implementation process of teaching activities is to enable students to obtain all the learning and education results that can be obtained through the whole process of educational practice until the final learning: realising the learning output plan (realising learning output plan), evaluating learning output plan (assessing learning output plan) and using learning output plan (realising learning output plan). The theoretical basis of OBE is shown in Figure 2. The main design principles of OBE are as follows:
Clearly focus on learners’ final output. Reverse design around the expected output. Expand and help students succeed. High expectations for students’ success.
Fig. 2
OBE theory. OBE, output-based education
The concept of OBE is of great significance to the construction of autonomous learning ability in English teaching for college students. The infiltration of OBE philosophy has brought about great changes in the objectives, content, structure, resources, learning support services and evaluation of English courses. OBE requires college students to expand their approach to content from the ability to solve problems with fixed answers to the ability to solve open problems. This requires the design of the structure and resources of English courses in terms of analysis and countermeasures [23–25]. Dynamic reverse adjustment based on output is emphasised. Based on this explanation, the main advantages of using OBE are as follows:
Clarity: OBE clearly identifies the expected output that students should achieve at the end of the course. Teachers must be clear about what knowledge and skills they need to impart to students in order to achieve the desired outcomes. Flexibility: OBE is a student-centred teaching model, but it is not limited to any one teaching method. It uses a combination of teaching and assessment tools to identify student diversity. Comparability: OBE can effectively measure what students can do rather than what students know. It also encourages schools to find their own shortcomings and those of their peers. Participation: OBE not only enhances the initiative of students to participate in learning but also arouses the enthusiasm of personnel in related industries to participate in the formulation and evaluation of education standards.
The theory of autonomous learning discusses the connotation of autonomous learning from different aspects. Autonomous learning is mainly the ability of learners to manage their learning. Or autonomous learning is the willingness and ability of learners to be responsible for their learning. Learners’ psychological reaction to learning content and process, independent learning behaviour and skills and inner psychological kinetic energy guide their learning and control of their learning content. Based on these theories, all explanations emphasise the responsibility of learning. Student-centred ability training has become the reform of English teaching, and it is an inevitable trend to cultivate students’ self-learning ability. Learners are responsible for making decisions about all aspects of learning, including the following:
Ability to determine English learning objectives. The ability to decide the content and process of English learning. Ability to use English learning methods and strategies. Ability to monitor the process of English learning and evaluate the learning effect. Develop diversified English talent training programmes. Create a self-learning English network platform. Build a high-quality English teaching team.
English teachers should change their teaching ideas for the cultivation of independent learning ability. Instead of traditional knowledge indoctrination, we should focus on cultivating students’ independent learning abilities and interests. Let students carry out independent study and independent inquiry to improve their comprehensive ability and promote good development. Therefore, in English teaching, teachers should strengthen the improvement of English ability. Strengthen problem situation teaching, stimulate students’ enthusiasm, strengthen cooperative teaching and guide students to discuss and learn in cooperation. At the same time, we should pay attention to the positive and effective evaluation of students to cultivate students’ independent learning ability.
Basic information: Basic information includes course information, course announcement, course outline, learning help, course progress and other notifying and general information and resources. English learners can get an overview of the course and progress through basic information.
English learner group is the target of online open English education curriculum service and the core element of online open English education resource curriculum construction. English learners will have a comprehensive understanding of the course through the basic learning information of the course and choose an English course suitable for their use. The analysis of basic learning information content should focus on how to understand and internalise all kinds of self-study course information and extracurricular activity resources and output relevant learning output.
Provide self-study and counselling information resources: The content of self-study teaching materials mainly includes English micro-videos, texts, knowledge bases, etc. General teaching materials should be planned or formulated by the course experts, and the main lectures should be delivered by the course teachers on the spot. All the core content of such courses should be provided free of charge or free of charge for domestic ordinary adult English learners.
Learning output refers to the output that the course requires learners to realise after the course, such as literacy and skills.
The framework proposed in this paper is applied in a vocational and technical college, where the English level of college students is uneven. There are also great differences in students’ enthusiasm for English learning. The purpose of college students’ English learning is not strong. College students have a strong sense of inferiority and lack of confidence in English learning. The teaching process is lack interaction, students input more than output, and the space for independent learning after class is limited.
After a semester of the application framework, this paper also included a total of 246 students in the learning class after the application of the framework of English learning results of the satisfaction questionnaires and surveys. The questionnaire took the form of an objective multiple-choice questionnaire, with 20 questions in total. The main contents of the investigation project include lesson preparation and the arrangement of the teachers’ preview before the class schedule, the arrangement of the progress of classroom knowledge teaching review, the arrangement of the completion of homework inspection after class and the participation and organisation of teachers’ extracurricular activities. The questionnaire is distributed to the students in the class by the professional English teacher as a way of anonymity and no need to be named. The questionnaire mainly focusses on the following three basic aspects, including the universal importance of autonomous learning behaviour, the psychological motivation behind autonomous learning and the daily monitoring record and evaluation of autonomous learning activities. The specific investigation is shown in Table 1.
Questionnaire results
| Questionnaire questions | Best agree | Agree | Disagree |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of people (%) | |||
| Curriculum Goal Orientation Science | 263 (74.08) | 93 (25.92) | 0 (0) |
| Course hours are arranged properly | 250 (70.42) | 102 (28.73) | 3 (0.85) |
| Well-designed course content | 246 (69.3) | 108 (30.42) | 1 (0.28) |
| Flexible and effective teaching methods | 247 (69.58) | 108 (30.42) | 0 (0) |
| Satisfied with the teaching effect of the course | 239 (67.32) | 116 (32.68) | 0 E(0) |
Based on OBE theory, colleges teaching English focus on the autonomous learning ability framework. The server is a Linux system; GPU uses NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2080Ti (11GB), Python version 3.6.5. The framework uses pytorch1.7 and tensorflow1.15, and CUDA uses 10.1 as the development environment.
The evaluation system of this test includes recall (R), precision (P), average precision (AP) and mean average precision (MAP). The specific formulas of each standard are as follows:
In this paper, the traditional questionnaire is mainly used to collect information for statistical analysis and statistical ratio. The results are shown in Table 2.
Experimental results
| Evaluation | Best agree | Agree | Disagree |
|---|---|---|---|
| The importance of self-directed learning | 21% | 0 | 79% |
| Motivation for self-directed learning | 31% | 37% | 32% |
| Monitoring and evaluation of self-directed learning | 7% | 18% | 75% |
According to Table 2 and Figure 3, the specific analysis is as follows:
The importance of independent learning: For non-English majors, college English courses are offered in four semesters of 16 weeks and 4 h per week. There are no college English courses for the junior and senior years. Students can’t master a language just by learning English as freshmen and sophomores. As a result, 79% of students admitted to little or no self-directed learning outside the classroom. Another 21% of students think it is necessary to study independently after class. But they don’t make up for it by studying independently outside of class. Overall, the effect of students’ independent learning is not good. Although they have realised the importance of autonomous learning, they still can’t master the methods and strategies of autonomous learning. Motivation for autonomous learning: 32% of students study English for exams, and many students’ main motivation for learning English is for CET-4 and CET-6. Students will choose not to study English after the exam. Another 37% chose to learn English for their future jobs, which shows that they have realised that English is a valuable communication tool. These students have a high level of social and communicative motivation to learn a foreign language in order to use it as a tool in their future work. The remaining 31% of students learn English as a hobby. The more interested students are in learning, the stronger their initiative in learning will be. Therefore, it is suggested that the evaluation of students should be aimed at testing students’ ability to learn English independently and their application ability to solve practical problems. On the whole, students’ motivation to learn English is positive. Learning should develop more appropriate teaching plans and testing methods. Teachers should make full use of students’ interest in learning when guiding students’ autonomous learning motivation so as to achieve twice the result with half the effort. Monitoring and evaluation of independent learning: Of the students surveyed, 75% studied unsupervised, haphazard and unplanned. And 18% of the students lack execution, most give up halfway. Only 7% of students can follow a regular self-directed learning schedule. Thus, students lack self-monitoring ability to study, let alone evaluation ability. They learn without direction and are unable to manage their autonomous learning process. Therefore, students are still in the traditional role of learners, mainly relying on classroom input (listening and reading) and lacking language output (speaking and writing). It also dampened their enthusiasm for independent study to a large extent, and most students lack confidence.
Fig. 3
Experimental results
This study focuses on the analysis and countermeasures of college students’ autonomous learning ability in colleges teaching English based on the OBE theory. By using the interpretive structure model and application methods, this paper constructs the self-learning framework of colleges teaching English to students based on the OBE theory. The model has the following characteristics:
Firstly, the paper introduces the theoretical knowledge of OBE and the cultivation analysis and countermeasures of independent learning ability in detail. Then, a complete set of self-learning ability frameworks for colleges teaching Enlisg to students based on the OBE theory is designed. At the same time, the framework is applied in a university. After a semester of study, the results are combined with teachers’ and college students’ questionnaire surveys. Finally, after the questionnaire results and analysis, the framework proposed in this paper is better than other traditional English teaching methods. The experiment also shows that it not only improves the adaptability of students at colleges learning English but also improves their independent learning ability of English learning.
Although the framework proposed in this paper can be applied in colleges teaching English, it emphasises the cultivation of autonomous learning ability. However, there are still shortcomings. The personality and diversity of more college student learners are not taken into account, and the collected questionnaire is relatively simple, which cannot reflect the diversified data of current college student learners. In the future, deep learning may be used in data acquisition and analysis and prediction models.
Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Questionnaire results
| Questionnaire questions | Best agree | Agree | Disagree |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of people (%) | |||
| Curriculum Goal Orientation Science | 263 (74.08) | 93 (25.92) | 0 (0) |
| Course hours are arranged properly | 250 (70.42) | 102 (28.73) | 3 (0.85) |
| Well-designed course content | 246 (69.3) | 108 (30.42) | 1 (0.28) |
| Flexible and effective teaching methods | 247 (69.58) | 108 (30.42) | 0 (0) |
| Satisfied with the teaching effect of the course | 239 (67.32) | 116 (32.68) | 0 E(0) |
Experimental results
| Evaluation | Best agree | Agree | Disagree |
|---|---|---|---|
| The importance of self-directed learning | 21% | 0 | 79% |
| Motivation for self-directed learning | 31% | 37% | 32% |
| Monitoring and evaluation of self-directed learning | 7% | 18% | 75% |
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in Programmable Networks The Complexity of Virtual Reality Technology in the Simulation and Modeling of Civil Mathematical Models University Library Lending System Model Based on Fractional Differential Equations Calculation and Performance Evaluation of Text Similarity Based on Strong Classification Features Intelligent Matching System of Clauses in International Investment Arbitration Cases Based on Big Data Statistical Model Evaluation and Verification of Patent Value Based on Combination Forecasting Model Financial Institution Prevention Financial Risk Monitoring System Under the Fusion of Partial Differential Equations Prediction and Analysis of ChiNext Stock Price Based on Linear and Non-linear Composite Model Calculus Logic Function in Tax Risk Avoidance in Different Stages of Enterprises The Psychological Memory Forgetting Model Based on the Analysis of Linear Differential Equations Optimization Simulation System of University Science Education Based on Finite Differential 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An empirical study on factors influencing smooth trade along the Belt and Road Research on the processing method of multi-source heterogeneous data in the intelligent agriculture cloud platform Internal control index and enterprise growth: An empirical study of Chinese listed-companies in the automobile manufacturing industry Research on design of customer portrait system for E-commerce Research on rule extraction method based on concept lattice of intuitionistic fuzzy language Fed-UserPro: A user profile construction method based on federated learning A multi-factor Regression Equation-based Test of Fitness Maximal Aerobic Capacity in Athletes Design and evaluation of intelligent teaching system on basic movements in PE Garment Image Retrieval based on Grab Cut Auto Segmentation and Dominate Color Method Financial Risk Prediction and Analysis Based on Nonlinear Differential Equations Constructivist Learning Method of Ordinary Differential Equations in College Mathematics Teaching Multiple Effects Analysis of Hangzhou Issuing Digital Consumer Coupons Based on Simultaneous Equations of CDM Model Response Model of Teachers’ Psychological Education in Colleges and Universities Based on Nonlinear Finite Element Equations A Hybrid Computational Intelligence Method of Newton's Method and Genetic Algorithm for Solving Compatible Nonlinear Equations Pressure Image Recognition of Lying Positions Based on Multi-feature value Regularized Extreme Learning Algorithm English Intelligent Question Answering System Based on elliptic fitting equation Precision Machining Technology of Jewelry on CNC Machine Tool Based on Mathematical Modeling Application Research of Mathematica Software in Calculus Teaching Computer Vision Communication Technology in Mathematical Modeling Skills of Music Creation Based on Homogeneous First-Order Linear Partial Differential Equations Mathematical Statistics Technology in the Educational Grading System of Preschool Students Music Recommendation Index Evaluation Based on Logistic Distribution Fitting Transition Probability Function Children's Educational Curriculum Evaluation Management System in Mathematical Equation Model Query Translation Optimization and Mathematical Modeling for English-Chinese Cross-Language Information Retrieval The Effect of Children’s Innovative Education Courses Based on Fractional Differential Equations Fractional Differential Equations in the Standard Construction Model of the Educational Application of the Internet of Things Optimization research on prefabricated concrete frame buildings based on the dynamic equation of eccentric structure and horizontal-torsional coupling Optimization in Mathematics Modeling and Processing of New Type Silicate Glass Ceramics Green building considering image processing technology combined with CFD numerical simulation Research on identifying psychological health problems of college students by logistic regression model based on data mining Abnormal Behavior of Fractional Differential Equations in Processing Computer Big Data Mathematical Modeling Thoughts and Methods Based on Fractional Differential Equations in Teaching Research on evaluation system of cross-border E-commerce platform based on the combined model A mathematical model of PCNN for image fusion with non-sampled contourlet transform Nonlinear Differential Equations in Computer-Aided Modeling of Big Data Technology The Uniqueness of Solutions of Fractional Differential Equations in University Mathematics Teaching Based on the Principle of Compression Mapping Financial customer classification by combined model Influence of displacement ventilation on the distribution of pollutant concentrations in livestock housing Recognition of Electrical Control System of Flexible Manipulator Based on Transfer Function Estimation Method Automatic Knowledge Integration Method of English Translation Corpus Based on Kmeans Algorithm Real Estate Economic Development Based on Logarithmic Growth Function Model Design of Tennis Mobile Teaching Assistant System Based on Ordinary Differential Equations Financial Crisis Early Warning Model of Listed Companies Based on Fisher Linear Discriminant Analysis High Simulation Reconstruction of Crowd Animation Based on Optical Flow Constraint Equation Construction of Intelligent Search Engine for Big Data Multimedia Resource Subjects Based on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation 3D Animation Simulation of Computer Fractal and Fractal Technology Combined with Diamond-Square Algorithm Analysis of the Teaching Quality of Physical Education Class by Using the Method of Gradient Difference The Summation of Series Based on the Laplace Transformation Method in Mathematics Teaching Optimal Solution of the Fractional Differential Equation to Solve the Bending Performance Test of Corroded Reinforced Concrete Beams under Prestressed Fatigue Load Animation VR scene mosaic modeling based on generalized Laplacian equation Radial Basis Function 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points based on machine learning Analysis of higher education management strategy based on entropy and dissipative structure theory Prediction of corporate financial distress based on digital signal processing and multiple regression analysis Mathematical Method to Construct the Linear Programming of Football Training Multimedia sensor image detection based on constrained underdetermined equation The Size of Children's Strollers of Different Ages Based on Ergonomic Mathematics Design Application of Numerical Computation of Partial Differential Equations in Interactive Design of Virtual Reality Media Stiffness Calculation of Gear Hydraulic System Based on the Modeling of Nonlinear Dynamics Differential Equations in the Progressive Method Knowledge Analysis of Charged Particle Motion in Uniform Electromagnetic Field Based on Maxwell Equation Relationship Between Enterprise Talent Management and Performance Based on the Structural Equation Model Method Term structure of economic management rate based on parameter analysis of estimation model of ordinary differential equation Influence analysis of piano music immersion virtual reality cooperation based on mapping equation Chinese painting and calligraphy image recognition technology based on pseudo linear directional diffusion equation Label big data compression in Internet of things based on piecewise linear regression Animation character recognition and character intelligence analysis based on semantic ontology and Poisson equation Design of language assisted learning model and online learning system under the background of artificial intelligence Study on the influence of adolescent smoking on physical training vital capacity in eastern coastal areas Application of machine learning in stock selection Comparative analysis of CR of ideological and political education in different regions based on improved fuzzy clustering Action of Aut( G ) on the set of maximal subgroups ofp -groupsStudy on transmission characteristics in three kinds of deformed finlines based on edge-based finite element method Research on loyalty prediction of e-commerce customer based on data mining Algebraic Equations in Educational Model of College Physical Education Course Education Professional English Translation Corpus Under the Binomial Theorem Coefficient Geometric Tolerance Control Method for Precision Machinery Based on Image Modeling and Novel Saturation Function Retrieval and Characteristic Analysis of Multimedia Tester Based on Bragg Equation Semiparametric Spatial Econometric Analysis of Household Consumption Based on Ordinary Linear Regression Model Video adaptive watermark embedding and detection algorithm based on phase function equation English Learning Motivation of College Students Based on probability Distribution Scientific Model of Vocational Education Teaching Method in Differential Nonlinearity Research on mobile Awareness service and data privacy Protection based on Linear Equations computing protocol Vocal Music Teaching Model Based on Finite Element Differential Mathematical Equations Studying a matching method combining distance proximity and buffer constraints The trend and influence of media information Propagation based on nonlinear Differential equation Research on the construction of early warning model of customer churn on e-commerce platform Evaluation and prediction of regional human capital based on optimised BP neural network Study on inefficient land use determination method for cities and towns from a city examination perspective A sentiment analysis method based on bidirectional long short-term memory networks A study of local smoothness-informed convolutional neural network models for image inpainting Mathematical Calculus Modeling in Improving the Teaching Performance of Shot Put Application of Nonlinear Differential Equation in Electric Automation Control System Higher Mathematics Teaching Curriculum Model Based on Lagrangian Mathematical Model Computational Algorithm to Solve Two–Body Problem Using Power Series in Geocentric System Decisions of competing supply chain with altruistic retailer under risk aversion Optimization of Color Matching Technology in Cultural Industry by Fractional Differential Equations The Marketing of Cross-border E-commerce Enterprises in Foreign Trade Based on the Statistics of Mathematical Probability Theory Application of Linear Partial Differential Equation Theory in Guiding Football Scientific Training Nonlinear Channel Estimation for Internet of Vehicles Some Necessary Conditions for Feedback Functions of de Bruijn Sequences The Evolution Model of Regional Tourism Economic Development Difference Based on Spatial Variation Function System Model of Shipping Enterprise Safety Culture Based on Dynamic Calculation Matrix Model An empirical research on economic growth from industrial structure optimisation in the Three Gorges Reservoir area The Inner Relationship between Students' Psychological Factors and Physical Exercise Based on Structural Equation Model (SEM) Analysis and Research on Influencing Factors of Ideological and Political Education Teaching Effectiveness Based on Linear Equation Study of agricultural finance policy information extraction based on ELECTRA-BiLSTM-CRF Fractional Differential Equations in Sports Training in Universities Examination and Countermeasures of Network Education in Colleges and Universities Based on Ordinary Differential Equation Model Innovative research of vertical video creation under the background of mobile communication Higher Education Agglomeration Promoting Innovation and Entrepreneurship Based on Spatial Dubin Model Chinese-English Contrastive Translation System Based on Lagrangian Search Mathematical Algorithm Model Genetic algorithm-based congestion control optimisation for mobile data network