Characteristics of Local Officials and High Quality Development of Chinese Agriculture - Evidence from Chinese Governors and Secretaries of the Provincial Party Committee
, , e | 12 ago 2020
INFORMAZIONI SU QUESTO ARTICOLO
Pubblicato online: 12 ago 2020
Pagine: 543 - 556
Ricevuto: 27 feb 2020
Accettato: 10 mag 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/amns.2020.2.00019
Parole chiave
© 2020 Yechen Cui et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Fig. 1
Control variables and description.
| Control Variable | Variable Specification |
|---|---|
| Income | Per capita net income for rural households (104 yuan/person) |
| Disaster rate | Affected area/total area planted with crops (%) |
| Scale level | Total area planted with crops/agricultural employees (Mou/person) |
| Machinery density | Total power of agricultural machinery/total area planted with crops (kilowatt/hectare) |
| Per capita value added | Agricultural added value/Population at the end of the year (logarithm) |
| Industrialization level | Industrial value added/GDP (%) |
| Financial support for agriculture | Agricultural, forestry, and water expenditure/total local financial expenditure (%) |
| Location factor | Eastern region = 1; central region = 2; western region = 3 |
Impacts of officials on agricultural GTFP.
| Variable | Model I Agriculture GTFP | Model II Total Value of Agriculture Output |
|---|---|---|
| Secretary term | 0.010 | 7.367 |
| Secretary change | −0.006 (0.024) | 9.270 (18.893) |
| Secretary education | −0.003 (0.017) | −60.606 |
| Secretary age | −0.006 | −13.995 |
| Secretary birthplace | −0.044 (0.042) | 83.539 |
| Exchange secretary | −0.019 (0.029) | 55.315 |
| Governor term | 0.010 (0.006) | −0.791 (4.822) |
| Governor change | −0.016 (0.024) | −14.408 (18.506) |
| Governor education | −0.022 (0.017) | −12.948 (13.498) |
| Governor age | −0.002 (0.003) | −4.476 |
| Governor birthplace | 0.062 | 12.125 (25.055) |
| Exchange governor | 0.035 (0.029) | 147.574 |
| Income | −0.021 (0.052) | 237.264 |
| Disaster rate | −0.023 (0.082) | 17.401 (64.398) |
| Scale level | 0.002 (0.003) | 0.358 (2.321) |
| Machinery density | 0.010 (0.007) | 4.226 (5.742) |
| Per capita value added | 0.336 | 623.105 |
| Industrialization level | 0.469 | −111.005 (198.072) |
| Financial support for agriculture | −1.082 | −587.043 |
| Location factor | −0.042 (0.072) | −143.006 |
| Constant | 0.762 | 3523.184 |
| Sigma_u | 0.329 | 403.752 |
| Sigma_e | 0.239 | 187.133 |
Descriptive statistics for personal characteristics of officials.
| Variable | Mean Value | Standard Deviation | Minimum Value | Maximum Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Secretary term | 4.497581 | 2.843427 | 0.5 | 15 |
| Secretary change | 0.23871 | 0.426295 | 0 | 1 |
| Secretary education | 3.416129 | 0.852547 | 1 | 5 |
| Secretary age | 59.55645 | 4.054672 | 47 | 70 |
| Secretary birthplace | 0.08871 | 0.284324 | 0 | 1 |
| Exchange secretary | 0.727419 | 0.445287 | 0 | 1 |
| Governor term | 3.096371 | 1.925656 | 0.25 | 12 |
| Governor change | 0.256452 | 0.436674 | 0 | 1 |
| Governor education | 3.503226 | 0.827933 | 1 | 5 |
| Governor age | 57.90323 | 3.987115 | 43 | 65 |
| Governor birthplace | 0.319355 | 0.466227 | 0 | 1 |
| Exchange governor | 0.330645 | 0.470445 | 0 | 1 |
Evaluation indexes for agricultural GTFP.
| First-level Indicator | Secondary Indicator | Variables and Descriptions |
|---|---|---|
| Input indicator | Labor | Practitioners of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fisheries |
| Land | Total area planted with crops (103 hectares) | |
| Agricultural film | Amount of agricultural film used (104 tons) | |
| Chemical fertilizer | Conversion of chemical fertilizer into pure amount applied (104 tons) | |
| Pesticides | Amount of pesticides used (104 tons) | |
| Machinery | Total power of agricultural machinery (104 kilowatts) | |
| Irrigation | Effective irrigation area (103 hectares) | |
| Desirable output indicator | Total agricultural output value | Total agricultural output value converted from 1978 as the base period (108 yuan) |
| Undesirable output indicator | Carbon emissions | Total carbon emissions due to agricultural film, chemical fertilizer, pesticides, agricultural diesel, agricultural irrigation, and agricultural planting (104 tons) |
| Pollution discharge | Losses of nitrogen and phosphorus in chemical fertilizer, ineffective use of pesticides, and agricultural film residues (104 tons) as a composite index (calculated using entropy method) |
Descriptive statistics for agricultural GTFP evaluation indexes from 1997 to 2016.
| Variable | Mean Value | Standard Deviation | Minimum Value | Maximum Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labor | 514.85 | 415.52 | 17.52 | 2277.23 |
| Land | 5111.30 | 3543.20 | 151.40 | 14472.30 |
| Agricultural film | 6.13 | 6.03 | 0.01 | 34.35 |
| Chemical fertilizer | 162.01 | 134.09 | 2.50 | 716.10 |
| Pesticides | 4.97 | 4.29 | 0.04 | 19.88 |
| Machinery | 2464.05 | 2548.78 | 77.50 | 13353.00 |
| Irrigation | 1871.07 | 1456.54 | 128.50 | 5932.70 |
| Total value of agriculture output | 719.40 | 647.45 | 19.41 | 3252.44 |
| Pollution discharge | 5.10 | 4.35 | 0.05 | 18.42 |
| Carbon emissions | 399.66 | 289.56 | 10.37 | 1318.68 |
Impacts of officials on green agricultural TFP in different periods.
| Variable | Model III (1997–2006) | Model IV (2007–2016) |
|---|---|---|
| Secretary term | −0.003(0.007) | 0.020 |
| Secretary change | 0.025(0.027) | −0.024(0.018) |
| Secretary education | −0.029(0.021) | −0.026 |
| Secretary age | −0.003(0.005) | −0.010 |
| Secretary birthplace | 0.098 | −0.036(0.057) |
| Exchange secretary | −0.018(0.040) | 0.049 |
| Governor term | 0.008(0.007) | −0.003(0.005) |
| Governor change | −0.006(0.026) | −0.002(0.018) |
| Governor education | −0.037 | −0.023(0.018) |
| Governor age | 0.005(0.005) | −0.007 |
| Governor birthplace | 0.003(0.040) | 0.052 |
| Exchange governor | −0.034(0.035) | 0.015(0.025) |
| Income | 0.652 | −0.140 |
| Disaster rate | −0.024(0.085) | −0.050(0.073) |
| Scale level | −0.005(0.007) | −0.004(0.003) |
| Machinery density | 0.010(0.016) | −0.015 |
| Per capita value added | 0.657 | 0.231 |
| Industrialization level | −0.210(0.469) | 0.187(0.252) |
| Financial support for agriculture | −2.044 | −0.456(0.307) |
| Location factor | 0.058(0.093) | −0.156 |
| Constant | 1.252 | 1.814 |
| Sigma_u | 0.419 | 0.317 |
| Sigma_e | 0.182 | 0.125 |