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The Influence of Molar Extraction in Mandible on the Bone Remodeling Process under Different Chewing Conditions

  
31 mar 2025
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Fig. 1.

Geometric models prepared for the study: a) basic anatomical model before extraction; b) anatomical model after tooth extraction
Geometric models prepared for the study: a) basic anatomical model before extraction; b) anatomical model after tooth extraction

Fig. 2.

The cross-section A-A of the molar tooth and the mandibular bone
The cross-section A-A of the molar tooth and the mandibular bone

Fig. 3.

Representation of the force vectors exerted by the main muscles acting on the mandible. The vectors are labeled (e.g. RM: Right Masseter, LT: Left Temporalis) to correspond with the muscle names listed in Table 1. The directions and magnitudes of the vectors were determined based on the values provided in Tab. 1
Representation of the force vectors exerted by the main muscles acting on the mandible. The vectors are labeled (e.g. RM: Right Masseter, LT: Left Temporalis) to correspond with the muscle names listed in Table 1. The directions and magnitudes of the vectors were determined based on the values provided in Tab. 1

Fig. 4.

Cross-section of the tooth and mandibular bone highlighting the zone: a) for cancellous bone; b) for cortical bone
Cross-section of the tooth and mandibular bone highlighting the zone: a) for cancellous bone; b) for cortical bone

Fig. 5.

Distribution of HMH stress [MPa] in cancellous bone before tooth extraction
Distribution of HMH stress [MPa] in cancellous bone before tooth extraction

Fig. 6.

Distribution of HMH stress [MPa] in cancellous bone after tooth extraction
Distribution of HMH stress [MPa] in cancellous bone after tooth extraction

Fig. 7.

Distribution of HMH stress [MPa] in cortical bone before tooth extraction
Distribution of HMH stress [MPa] in cortical bone before tooth extraction

Fig. 8.

Distribution of HMH stress [MPa] in cortical bone after tooth extraction
Distribution of HMH stress [MPa] in cortical bone after tooth extraction

Fig. 9.

Division into areas for: a) cancellous bone; b) cortical bone
Division into areas for: a) cancellous bone; b) cortical bone

Change in cortical bone density [g/cm3] in the analyzed areas for the model after tooth extraction compared to the model before tooth extraction

Region Incisiors Molars Molars right Molars left
CR1 [%] 0 102 −9 −12
CR2 [%] −12 27 −9 −2
CR3 [%] 285 28 52 2
CR4 [%] −7 49 −5 3
CR5 [%] 323 −4 127 0
CR6 [%] −72 181 0 0
CR7 [%] −10 −4 9 0
CR8 [%] 0 48 0 −17
CR9 [%] 0 3 0 0
CR10 [%] 0 8 0 0

Change in cancellous bone density in the analyzed areas [g/cm3] for the model after tooth extraction compared to the model before tooth extraction

Region Incisiors Molars Molars right Molars left
CN1 [%] 938 −72 505 27
CN2 [%] 82 −56 103 725
CN3 [%] 80 0 59 483
CN4 [%] −24 −18 28 1415
CN5 [%] 37 0 189 49
CN6 [%] 68 0 2059 0

Values exerted by the muscles(17)

Muscles description A B C
Middle temporalis [N] 5.7 64.0 63.0
Deep masseter [N] 21.2 48.9 17.1
Superficial masseter [N] 76.1 114.2 137.0
Anterior temporalis [N] 1.6 91.6 115.4
Medial pterygoid [N] 136.4 104.9 146.9