A debate on elimination of dog-mediated human rabies in developing countries by 2030
Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabriz, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabriz, Iran
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabriz, Iran
Profilo OrcidCerca questo autore su
, Reyhaneh Rasizadeh
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabriz, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabriz, Iran
Profilo OrcidCerca questo autore su
, Javid Sadri Nahand
Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabriz, Iran
Profilo OrcidCerca questo autore su
, Ali Shamekh
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabriz, Iran
Profilo OrcidCerca questo autore su
e Hamidreza Fathi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabriz, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN)Tabriz, Iran
Profilo OrcidCerca questo autore su
07 mar 2024
INFORMAZIONI SU QUESTO ARTICOLO
Categoria dell'articolo: Review
Pubblicato online: 07 mar 2024
Pagine: 5 - 12
Ricevuto: 09 apr 2023
Accettato: 13 dic 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ahem-2023-0026
Parole chiave
© 2024 Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Figure 1.
Figure 2.
The different approaches used in developing countries and low-income countries
| Developed countries | Benefited largely from rabies globalization |
| Applying different vaccination methods; such as door-to-door vaccination, oral vaccination, capture vaccination, and combination of these methods | |
| Taking preemptive measures due to lower costs | |
| Maintaining the preventive measures and vaccination in rabies free areas | |
| Canine vaccinations in combination with post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) | |
| Close cooperation between public health and animal health | |
| High rabies education | |
| Low-income countries | Low illness awareness |
| Free ranging dog populations | |
| Lack of international collaboration | |
| Limited accessible resources for dog owners | |
| Lack of effective communication between the veterinary and the human health sectors | |
| Rarely enforced canine vaccinations | |
| Approaching post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) only | |
| Old-fashioned preemptive control methods such as mass culling of community dogs | |
| Creating an ecological vacuum and attracting more dogs into the area due to outdated methods | |
| PEP is the only form in which a country tries to control rabies | |
| Much more severe economic burden of rabies; Direct medical costs from post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), costs of controlling rabies among dogs, livestock losses, and surveillance costs | |
| Lack of official livestock vaccination in the Veterinary Services’ control programs | |
| Prevention of outbreaks is the primary goal in the fight against rabies due to lack of resources in some areas | |
| Out-of-date laws | |
| Poor veterinary and human health infrastructure | |
| Lack of vaccination programs for animals playing a role in rabies cycle | |
| Mismanagement of funds | |
| No close cooperation between public health and animal health | |
| Low rabies education | |
| High importance of rabies owing to the fact that animal husbandry is a main means of livelihood | |
| Implementing development impact bonds could be an effective way to deal with long term financial commitment in these countries | |
| Developing region-specific networks such as MERACON |