Tillage treatments | Fertilizer treatments | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cropping season | Basins | Rip | Conv | SED | NF | LF | MF | HF | SED |
2014/15 | 6,846b | 6,449b | 3,697a | 1,041.84 | 5,022 | 6,200 | 5,459 | 5,975 | 709.90 |
2015/16 | 9,672c | 7,463b | 4,580a | 635.33 | 5,945 | 7,755 | 7,842 | 7,412 | 1,048.66 |
Basin | Rip | Conv | SED | NF | LF | MF | HF | SED | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2014/15 season | |||||||||
Evenness index | 0.62 | 0.65 | 0.60 | 0.03 | 0.62 | 0.63 | 0.64 | 0.61 | 0.03 |
Richness index | 5.08b | 4.64a | 4.97ab | 0.13 | 4.74 | 5.04 | 4.82 | 5.00 | 0.15 |
Shannon index | 1.12 | 1.07 | 1.06 | 0.05 | 1.04 | 1.12 | 1.10 | 1.08 | 0.06 |
2015/16 season | |||||||||
Evenness index | 0.66 | 0.66 | 0.71 | 0.02 | 0.67 | 0.66 | 0.68 | 0.68 | 0.03 |
Richness index | 5.33 | 5.21 | 5.17 | 0.19 | 5.17 | 5.11 | 5.28 | 5.39 | 0.22 |
Shannon index | 1.23 | 1.21 | 1.29 | 0 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 0 |
Tillage treatments | Fertilizer treatments | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Basin | Rip | Conv | SED | NF | LF | MF | HF | SED | |
2014/15 season | |||||||||
|
|||||||||
Sedentary endoparasites | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.31 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.36 |
Migratory endoparasites | 22 | 35 | 40 | 13.59 | 37 | 41 | 28 | 23 | 15.69 |
Semi-endoparasites | 167b | 108b | 59a | 25.42 | 108 | 121 | 103 | 114 | 29.35 |
Ectoparasites | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.21 |
|
|||||||||
Migratory endoparasites | 255 | 302 | 494 | 122.90 | 334 | 428 | 411 | 229 | 141.90 |
Semi-endoparasites | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1.04 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.20 |
2015/16 season | |||||||||
|
|||||||||
Algal feeders | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.47 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0.55 |
Sedentary endoparasites | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3.71 | 4 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 4.28 |
Migratory endoparasites | 19 | 23 | 25 | 6.47 | 23 | 17 | 31 | 19 | 7.471 |
Semi-endoparasites | 105b | 92b | 43a | 24.58 | 63 | 91 | 93 | 73 | 28.38 |
|
|||||||||
Migratory endoparasites | 889 | 354 | 917 | 284.40 | 643 | 779 | 638 | 820 | 328 |
Sampling time point |
|
|
|
Total nematode |
---|---|---|---|---|
2014/15 cropping season | ||||
Pre-planting | −0.19 | 0.23 | 0.51** | 0.37* |
120 DAE | 0.04 | 0.19 | 0.03 | 0.27 |
2015/16 cropping season | ||||
Pre-planting | −0.14 | 0.24 | 0.19 | 0.26 |
120 DAE | −0.03 | 0.06 | −0.11 | −0.03 |
Tillage treatments | Fertilizer treatments | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Basin | Rip | Conv | SED | NF | LF | MF | HF | SED | |
2014/15 season | |||||||||
|
|||||||||
|
55b | 30b | 22a | 12.20 | 27 | 42 | 27 | 45 | 14.09 |
|
22 | 35 | 40 | 13.59 | 37 | 41 | 28 | 23 | 15.69 |
|
1 | 0 | 0 | 0.32 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.37 |
|
112b | 78b | 37a | 17.90 | 81 | 78 | 75 | 68 | 20.67 |
Non- parasitic | 44 | 39 | 38 | 4.583 | 41 | 35 | 40 | 46 | 5.292 |
Total nematodes | 233b | 182a | 137a | 24.97 | 186 | 197 | 171 | 182 | 28.84 |
|
|||||||||
|
255 | 302 | 494 | 122.90 | 334 | 428 | 411 | 229 | 141.90 |
2015/20 season | |||||||||
|
|||||||||
|
27 | 37 | 19 | 15.73 | 21 | 31 | 36 | 22 | 18.17 |
|
19 | 23 | 25 | 6.47 | 23 | 17 | 31 | 19 | 7.47 |
|
3 | 4 | 4 | 3.71 | 4 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 4.28 |
|
74b | 52b | 21a | 14.58 | 37 | 54 | 54 | 49 | 16.83 |
|
1 | 0 | 0 | 0.47 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0.55 |
Non- parasitic | 23b | 10a | 21b | 4.91 | 14 | 12 | 23 | 22 | 5.67 |
Total nematodes | 148b | 126ab | 88a | 29.04 | 1001 | 120 | 147 | 115 | 33.53 |
|
|||||||||
|
889 | 354 | 917 | 284.40 | 643 | 779 | 638 | 820 | 328.40 |
Month | 2014/15 (Rainfall in mm) | 2015/16 (Rainfall in mm) |
---|---|---|
September | 0 | 0 |
October | 3.1 | 20.9 |
November | 22 | 90.9 |
December | 302.8 | 184.9 |
January | 339.2 | 53.8 |
February | 104.9 | 61.8 |
March | 34.3 | 173.4 |
April | 38 | 94 |
May | 0 | 0 |
June | 0 | 0 |
July | 0 | 0 |
August | 0 | 0 |
Total | 844.3 | 679.7 |
Factor | Level of factor | Explanation |
---|---|---|
Tillage | Basin planting | Each basin (15 × 15 × 15 cm) was done using hoes. The basins were about 10 cm below the rest of the land after planting |
Rip line seeding | Marked using a tractor-mounted ripper to a depth of about 15 cm | |
Conventional tillage | Disc plowed as primary tillage followed by secondary tillage using a disc harrow | |
Fertilizer regime | Control (no fertilizer) | No fertilizer |
Micro dosing (low fertilizer) | 100 g of manure per plant position + 80 kg ha−1 compound D fertilizer (8 N: 14 P2O5: 7 K2O) + 80 kg ha−1 ammonium nitrate (34.5% N) (total rate: 35.2 kg ha−1 N: 12.2 kg ha−1 P2O5: 6.6 kg ha−1K2O) | |
Medium fertilizer rate | 100 kg ha−1 compound D fertilizer (8 N: 14 P2O5: 7 K2O) + 100 kg ha−1 ammonium nitrate (34.5% N) (total rate: 41.5 kg ha-1 N: 14 kg ha−1P2O5: 7 kg ha−1K2O) | |
High fertilizer rate | 200 kg ha−1 compound D fertilizer (8 N: 14 P2O5: 7 K2O) + 200 kg ha−1 ammonium nitrate (34.5% N) (total rate: 83 kg ha−1 N: 28 kg ha−1 P2O5: 14 kg ha−1 K2O) |