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Annual and Perennial Alleyway Cover Crops Vary in Their Effects on Pratylenchus penetrans in Pacific Northwest Red Raspberry (Rubus idaeus)

RACHEL E. RUDOLPH
RACHEL E. RUDOLPH
, 
INGA A. ZASADA
INGA A. ZASADA
 e 
LISA W. DEVETTER
LISA W. DEVETTER
   | 26 set 2018
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Pubblicato online: 26 set 2018
Pagine: 446 - 456
Ricevuto: 24 apr 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2017-094
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© 2017 RACHEL E. RUDOLPH et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Crop type, species name, and cultivar for alleyway cover crops included in the Washington raspberry (Rubus idaeus) field study and Pratylenchus penetrans greenhouse host assays.

Crop Cultivar
Hard, red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) a Norwest 553
Soft, white winter wheat (T. aestivum) a Rosalyn
Winter-hardy oat (Avena sativa) b Nora
Winter-hardy oat (A. sativa) b TAM 606
Intermediate and tetraploid perennial ryegrass mix (Lolium hybridum, Lolium perenne) c 51.25% Tetralite, 48.24% Kentaur
Perennial ryegrass mix (L. perenne) c 43.93% Esquire, 31.44% TopHat 2, 22.49% Tetragreen
Triticale (Triticosecale sp.) d Trical 103BB
Triticale (Triticosecale sp.) d TriMark 099
Cereal rye (Secale cereale) c Common

Pratylenchus penetrans population densities over a 2-yr period from raspberry (Rubus idaeus) roots adjacent to alleyways with annual and perennial cover crops in Lynden, WA.

P. penetrans/g of raspberry root
Treatment a Spring 2015 Fall 2015 Spring 2016 Fall 2016
Till (industry standard) 4,847 ± 1,639 b   5,536 ± 1,185   3,286 ± 424   2,391 ± 566  
Mow 2,319 ± 1,254 B c 6,120 ± 986 A 2,277 ± 397 B 1,861 ± 178 B
Cereal rye 3,915 ± 1,257 AB 5,616 ± 744 A 1,799 ± 431 B 1,976 ± 432 B
Oat ‘Nora’ 2,372 ± 571   3,255 ± 1,850   2,211 ± 701   2,931 ± 689  
Oat ‘Tam 606’ 3,020 ± 863 B 5,750 ± 870 A 2,546 ± 521 B 4,462 ± 603 AB
Triticale ‘Trical 103BB’ 2,294 ± 780 AB 4,175 ± 862 A 4,037 ± 742 A 1,331 ± 568 B
Triticale ‘TriMark 099’ 5,005 ± 765   4,309 ± 1,137   2,703 ± 1,004   3,084 ± 595  
Wheat ‘Norwest 553’ 2,884 ± 555   4,879 ± 1,796   1,677 ± 580   2,516 ± 817  
Wheat ‘Rosalyn’ 2,596 ± 354 AB 4,320 ± 703 A 1,081 ± 217 B 2,919 ± 1,009 AB
Grass mix 1 (perennial) 5,112 ± 853 A 5,205 ± 1,126 A 2,192 ± 334 B 3,857 ± 846 AB
Grass mix 2 (annual) 3,176 ± 1,180   5,192 ± 1,796   4,298 ± 384   3,166 ± 1,658  
Overall mean d 3,432 B 4,941 A 2,555 C 2,796 BC

Pratylenchus penetrans population densities over a 2-yr period from cover crops roots in alleyways adjacent to raised beds of raspberry (Rubus idaeus) in Lynden, WA.

P. penetrans/g of cover crop root
Treatment a Spring 2015 Fall 2015 Spring 2016 Fall 2016
Till (industry standard) - - - -
Mow - - - -
Cereal rye 292 ± 280 b 325 ± 286 220 ± 383 830 ± 554
Oat ‘Nora’ 31 ± 31 253 ± 202 325 ± 251 378 ± 246
Oat ‘TAM 606’ 187 ± 187 503 ± 498 84 ± 131 439 ± 263
Triticale ‘Trical 103BB’ 68 ± 49 447 ± 443 12 ± 20 340 ± 335
Triticale ‘TriMark 099’ 39 ± 39 39 ± 22 352 ± 632 77 ± 53
Wheat ‘Norwest 553’ 297 ± 256 336 ± 329 371 ± 434 282 ± 195
Wheat ‘Rosalyn’ 14 ± 14 B c 81 ± 38 A 94 ± 54 228 ± 90
Grass mix 1 (perennial) 0 B 5 ± 3 B 44 ± 43 A 8 ± 5 B
Grass mix 2 (annual) 88 ± 81 1 ± 1 341 ± 666 52 ± 50
Overall mean d 108 221 205 293

Host status of cover crops for Pratylenchus penetrans in greenhouse host assays conducted in Mount Vernon, WA.

Treatment a Host assay 3 Host assay 4
P. penetrans/g of root Root weight (g) RF b P. penetrans/g of root Root weight (g) RF
Grass mix 1 108 ± 17 b c 8.19 ± 0.35 a 0.57 b 263 ± 50 b 10.60 ± 0.92 a 1.10 b
Grass mix 2 62 ± 10 c 8.39 ± 0.33 a 0.50 b 123 ± 28 c 10.95 ± 0.43 a 0.50 c
Raspberry ‘Meeker’ 910 ± 165 a 2.08 ± 0.19 b 1.51 a 1,402 ± 309 a 2.31 ± 0.30 b 1.97 a
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