<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<p>Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is a common opportunistic respiratory infection among children with human immunodeficiency virus and a weakened immune system. The primary infection in immunocompetent patients may be asymptomatic, whereas fever, shortness of breath, night sweats, nonproductive (dry) cough, pneumonia, progressive respiratory distress and apnea are cardinal symptoms of full-blown pneumocystis pneumonia. The diagnosis can be confirmed by histochemical staining of biological specimens or, recently, by polymerase chain reaction. International recommendations indicate that the drug of choice is the intravenously administered trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole combination. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment reduce the mortality of the disease. This article briefly highlights the epidemiology of Pneumocystis pneumonia, its diagnosis and therapeutic options in the pediatric population.</p></abstract>

<italic>Pneumocystis</italic> Pneumonia: Still a serious disease in children

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<p>Intratracheal administration of exogenous surfactant is a well-established therapy for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants. The two preferred methods for respiratory support in neonates that contribute to limiting the risk of lung damage associated with mechanical ventilation include nCPAP and non-invasive ventilation. The increasing popularity of surfactant administration techniques is due to the fact they reduce the time of mechanical ventilation until this medication is administered. In some cases a short period of mechanical ventilation follows (INSURE: INtubation-SURfactant-Extubation). There are also methods that make it possible to completely avoid intubation and help maintain spontaneous breathing during surfactant administration (LISA: Less Invasive Surfactant Administration, MIST: Minimal Invasive Surfactant Therapy).</p>
<sec id="j_devperiodmed.20192303.163171_s_007">
<h3>Aim</h3>
<p>To analyze treatment outcomes in preterm infants who suffer from respiratory distress syndrome and require exogenous surfactant administration depending on the technique used: LISA vs INSURE.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="j_devperiodmed.20192303.163171_s_008">
<h3>Material and methods</h3>
<p>The present retrospective analysis included 129 infants born at a gestational age of between 24 and 33 weeks who were hospitalized in the Neonatology Department in the years 2014-2016, were administered surfactant and remained on non-invasive ventilation. All the subjects received only proractant alfa. Both study groups: LISA (n=83) and INSURE (n=46) were analyzed in terms of respiratory distress treatment outcomes and the presence of complications of prematurity.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="j_devperiodmed.20192303.163171_s_009">
<h3>Results</h3>
<p>There were no significant differences in patient characteristics between the two study groups (LISA vs INSURE: mean birth body weight was 1210g vs 1275 g, respectively; mean gestational age at birth was 30 weeks vs 29 6/7 weeks, respectively). The comparison of respiratory support method and FiO2 concentration within the first 72 hours after surfactant administration showed no significant differences between the groups. Similarly, respiratory outcomes did not significantly differ between the LISA and INSURE groups and were: the need for intubation ☒ 42.2% vs 32.6%, p=0.201, duration of mechanical ventilation – median days 0 vs 0, p=0.377, duration of nCPAP – median days 5 vs 5, p=0.379, duration of oxygen supplementation – median days 1 vs 1, p=0.555, and the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia – 28.9% vs 23.9%, p=0.506. Also, the incidence of complications was similar in both study groups.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="j_devperiodmed.20192303.163171_s_010">
<h3>Conclusions</h3>
<p>Our retrospective analysis of preliminary outcomes of surfactant administration involving the use of the LISA technique showed no statistically significant differences as compared with the INSURE method. The randomized, prospective study that is currently being conducted at our Neonatology Department and includes biochemical markers of lung damage, will bring more objective data on the safety and effectiveness of both surfactant administration techniques (LISA vs INSURE).</p>
</sec>
</abstract>

The influence of the technique of surfactant administration (LISA <italic>vs</italic> INSURE) on the outcomes of respiratory distress syndrome treatment in preterm infants

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">


<sec id="j_devperiodmed.20192303.172177_s_007">
<h3>Aim of the study</h3>
<p>To determine the impact of lung ultrasonography as an imaging method used to diagnose and monitor newborns with symptomatic pneumothorax and to assess the risk factors for pneumothorax and the outcomes in newborns with symptomatic pneumothorax.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="j_devperiodmed.20192303.172177_s_008">
<h3>Material and methods</h3>
<p>A single-centre retrospective study enrolled patients born after 32 weeks of gestation, with a diagnosis of pneumothorax in the first week of life. The 118 patients who were included in the study were divided into two groups. Group A (51 infants) comprised those children who were treated between 2007 and 2010, while group B (n=67) those from the years 2013 to 2016. The children from group A were monitored with repeated chest X-rays. Those from group B received repeated lung ultrasonography supported by chest X-ray in those cases where there was diagnostic uncertainty. Comparison was made between the groups with respect to pneumothorax risk factors, treatment methods and the use of imaging during the period of treatment. The statistical analysis used χ2, Mann-Whitney and Student’s t-tests.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="j_devperiodmed.20192303.172177_s_009">
<h3>Results</h3>
<p>There were no significant demographic or clinical differences between the two groups. Both the use of nCPAP (nasal continuous positive airway pressure) (p&lt;0.001) and diagnosed perinatal asphyxia (p=0.036) were higher in group B. Congenital pneumonia occurred more often in group A (p=0.041). Earlier detection of pneumothorax (p=0.001) and shorter hospital stay (p=0.03) were observed in group B. However, the total number of imaging (lung ultrasound and chest X-ray combined) was higher (p&lt;0.001) in group B.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="j_devperiodmed.20192303.172177_s_010">
<h3>Conclusion</h3>
<p>This study confirmed the usefulness of lung ultrasound in monitoring newborns with pneumothorax, moreover significantly limiting X-ray radiation.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>

Lung ultrasound reduces the number of chest x-rays in newborns with pneumothorax

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<sec id="j_devperiodmed.20192303.178183_s_007">
<h3>The aim</h3>
<p>To study the effect of therapeutic intervention on the improvement of the rhythmicity of non-nutritive and nutritive sucking in premature newborns and on the suck central pattern generator.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="j_devperiodmed.20192303.178183_s_008">
<h3>Material and methods</h3>
<p>Stimulation of the breast zone was performed in two premature newborns by means of the Vojta method. Intraoral pressure was measured during non-nutritive and nutritive sucking before and after this therapeutic intervention. The maximum negative pressures generated during individual sucks and the intervals between sucks were analysed.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="j_devperiodmed.20192303.178183_s_009">
<h3>Results</h3>
<p>The stimulation of the breast zone using the Vojta method seems to have no impact on the duration of individual sucking episodes. However, a significant improvement in the rhythmicity and regularity of sucking was observed in both newborns: the coefficient of quartile deviation for the intervals decreased from 15% and 11% to 13% and 6%, respectively, and for the maximum negative pressures it decreased from 24% and 27% to 9% and 19%, respectively. Additionally, the median value of the maximum negative pressure decreased in both newborns: from -39 and -37 mmHg to -45 and -60 mmHg, respectively.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="j_devperiodmed.20192303.178183_s_010">
<h3>Conclusions</h3>
<p>The stimulation of the breast zone using the Vojta method seems to have a direct impact on the central pattern generator, which improves the rhythmicity as well as the regularity of both non-nutritive and nutritive sucking.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>

The impact of early therapeutic intervention on the central pattern generator in premature newborns – A preliminary study and literature review

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<sec id="j_devperiodmed.20192303.184189_s_006">
<h3>Introduction</h3>
<p>Down syndrome is one of the most common chromosomal abnormalities in humans. Patients have typical dysmorphic features and various congenital malformations. Congenital heart defects were reported as the most common of the latter, occurring in approximately 50% of the cases.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="j_devperiodmed.20192303.184189_s_007">
<h3>The aim</h3> 
<p>We aimed to analyse the long-term trends in the prevalence of Down syndrome and related heart defects in the population of southern Poland (Krakow region)</p>
</sec>
<sec id="j_devperiodmed.20192303.184189_s_008">
<h3>Material and methods</h3>
<p>We analysed 500 consecutive patients with Down syndrome who were born from 2006 through 2017 and were diagnosed at the Department of Medical Genetics, Jagiellonian University. Next, we compared our results with the data obtained in previous regional studies.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="j_devperiodmed.20192303.184189_s_009">
<h3>Results</h3>
<p>The prevalence of Down syndrome in the assessed period was 1.65 per 1,000 live births and was similar to the historical prevalence in our region. Cardiac malformations were detected in 57.6% of the patients and the common atrioventricular canal (CAVC) was the most frequent anomaly (35.1%). However, detailed analysis of the frequency of severe heart defects that usually require prompt surgical treatment in the course of infancy revealed that the percentage of CAVC has been significantly lower in recent years (p=0.033).</p>
</sec>
<sec id="j_devperiodmed.20192303.184189_s_010">
<h3>Conclusions</h3>
<p>The prevalence of Down syndrome and the overall frequency of congenital heart defects have not significantly changed in recent years. However, the frequency of CAVC has decreased, which could be related to the technical progress in prenatal detection of this severe anomaly, and to the subsequent elective terminations of affected pregnancies. Further population studies are required to confirm the presence of this trend and elucidate its background.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>

Long-term trends in the prevalence of congenital heart defects in patients with down syndrome in southern Poland

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">


<sec id="j_devperiodmed.20192303.190197_s_007">
<h3>Background</h3>
<p>Recent years saw the development of international tools for measuring health competencies understood as health literacy (HL). One of them is the short index Health Literacy for School–Aged Children (HLSAC) implemented by the members of the Health Behaviour in School–aged Children (HBSC) network. So far, when researching the properties of this instrument, less attention has been devoted to the correlation of HLSAC with other tools related to health.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="j_devperiodmed.20192303.190197_s_008">
<h3>The aim</h3>
<p>of the paper is to present selected psychometric features of the HLSAC index in a sample of Polish pupils, supplemented by the preliminary analysis of its association with the health locus of control.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="j_devperiodmed.20192303.190197_s_009">
<h3>Material and methods</h3>
<p>The information collected relates to 630 junior secondary school students surveyed in Poland in 2016 as part of the HLSAC questionnaire pilot study. The Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC) scale by K. Wallston was used as the additional module for Poland. It differentiates among three dimensions of health control: internal, external – dependent on other people, and external – dependent on random factors. It was checked which HLC dimension correlates most strongly with HL.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="j_devperiodmed.20192303.190197_s_010">
<h3>Results</h3>
<p>It was demonstrated that the HLSAC scale consisting of 10 questions has a very good reliability in the Polish version (Cronbach alfa = 0.851) and a one–factor structure. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a unidimensional model (RMSEA = 0.082; CFI=0.922; TLI=0.877). The HLSAC most strongly correlates with the internal health locus of control (r=0.376; p&lt;0.001), slightly less with the influence of other people (r=0.153; p&lt;0.001), while the correlation with the random factor health locus of control is insignificant (p=0.947). It was found that there is a weak, however significant, positive correlation between family affluence and HLSAC (p=0.041).</p>
</sec>
<sec id="j_devperiodmed.20192303.190197_s_011">
<h3>Conclusions</h3>
<p>The analyses conducted demonstrated that the Polish version of HLSAC has good psychometric features. The relatively higher correlation between HLSAC and internal rather than external health locus of control was confirmed. The practical effect of the pilot study was to develop an improved version of the HLSAC scale, which has been recommended for the mainstream HBSC 2018 survey.</p>
</sec></abstract>

The Polish version of the short scale measuring health literacy in adolescence

AHEAD OF PRINT

Volume 28 (2024): Issue 1 (February 2024)

Volume 27 (2023): Issue 1 (June 2023)

Volume 26 (2022): Issue 1 (March 2022)

Volume 25 (2021): Issue 4 (December 2021)

Volume 25 (2021): Issue 3 (September 2021)

Volume 25 (2021): Issue 2 (June 2021)

Volume 25 (2021): Issue 1 (March 2021)

Volume 24 (2020): Issue 4 (December 2020)

Volume 24 (2020): Issue 3 (September 2020)

Volume 24 (2020): Issue 2 (June 2020)

Volume 24 (2020): Issue 1 (July 2020)

Volume 23 (2019): Issue 4 (December 2019)

Volume 23 (2019): Issue 3 (September 2019)

Volume 23 (2019): Issue 2 (June 2019)

Volume 23 (2019): Issue 1 (March 2019)

Volume 22 (2018): Issue 4 (December 2018)

Volume 22 (2018): Issue 3 (September 2018)

Volume 22 (2018): Issue 2 (June 2018)

Volume 22 (2018): Issue 1 (March 2018)

Volume 21 (2017): Issue 4 (December 2017)

Volume 21 (2017): Issue 3 (September 2017)

Volume 21 (2017): Issue 2 (June 2017)

Volume 21 (2017): Issue 1 (March 2017)

Journal of Mother and Child

The history of the title Relatively new only by the title, the Journal of Mother and Child (JMC) has a long tradition of being issued for nearly 25 years. The journal is a direct successor of a former periodical: Developmental Period Medicine/Medycyna Wieku Rozwojowego. The change of the journal title from Developmental Period Medicine to Journal of Mother and Child took place on January 01, 2020. The archive papers under the old name can be found at: journals.indexcopernicus.com.  The Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland, has been publishing the journal Medycyna Wieku Rozwojowego (ISSN 1428-345X) since 1997. That title stems from another journal: Problemy Medycyny Wieku Rozwojowego (ISSN 0303-2264), issued by the Institute in the years 1972-1990. Since 1998 until the end of 2019, the English language translation: Developmental Period Medicine (e-ISSN 2354-0060) was used on the title page. Since 2020, the quarterly Developmental Period Medicine changed its English-language title to the one being more to the point, to: Journal of Mother and Child (ISSN 2719-6488; e-ISSN 2719-535X).　  Thus, until December 31, 2019, the journal was titled Medycyna Wieku Rozwojowego (ISSN 1428-345X) / Developmental Period Medicine (e-ISSN 2354-0060), and from January 1, 2020 it is published further under the title Journal of Mother and Child/Medycyna Wieku Rozwojowego (ISSN 2719-6488; e-ISSN 2719-535X). In other words, there is an uninterrupted continuation of issuing of the journal from 1997 to the present. Title modifications on the way reflected more and more focused selection of topics of interest and increasing role of English language in medical sciences. With our international readership visibly broadened over the last years and with the solely English-language contents, we intend to abandon the title’s Polish translation (subheading: ‘Medycyna Wieku Rozwojowego’) in the near future.  The former version of this journal: Medycyna Wieku Rozwojowego / Developmental Period Medicine was indexed in PubMed / Medline and as such was entered into other databases. Journal of Mother and Child / Medycyna Wieku Rozwojowego continues to be indexed in PubMed / Medline.  Cooperating societies:  The title is published in association with the Polish Society of Perinatal Medicine and the Polish Society of Inborn Errors of Metabolism.     Aims &amp; Scope  JMC is a peer reviewed, diamond open access journal dedicated to disseminating basic and applied research related to the health of mother and child. The journal’s ambition is to create a platform for presenting original results from all areas of research studies that aim to improve human maternal, fetal, neonatal, and child health, reflecting the connection between clinical and basic science. We at JMC strongly believe that translational medicine should support interdisciplinary collaboration, which usually results in important scientific papers. We accept original research papers, review articles, editorials, short communications and case studies.  JMC‘s scope is based on a holistic approach towards the patient, covering all medical aspects of health of a mother and her child, including such important life sciences areas as origins of disease, modern diagnostic tools, effective up-to-date treatment, long-term health consequences, nutrition, psychology, as well as social and bioethical issues. Most importantly, we focus on the patient throughout all stages of life, from early years, i.e. prenatal and perinatal periods, through early childhood and childhood to adolescence and adulthood (including maternal health). JMC follows a concept of the systems medicine, looking at the human body as part of an integrated whole which incorporates biomolecular, physiological and environmental interactions.  JMC also encourages submissions of papers pertaining to rare diseases which may be a good model for a study on common disorders and thus revealing novel pathomechanisms and conditions.  Journal metrics  Medycyna Wieku Rozwojowego  Cite Score (2020) 0.9Cite Score (2019) 0.8Ministry of Education and Science (Poland) Journal Rating Scale - Medycyna Wieku Rozwojowego – 20 points (2019-2021)SCImago Journal Rank (2021) 0.154SCImago Journal Rank (2020) 0.215SCImago Journal Rank (2019) 0.210h-index 17  Journal review process  Journal of Mother and Child is double-blind peer reviewed journal.  Article processing charges  The journal has no article processing charges (APCs) and article submission charges.  Archiving  Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.  Plagiarism Policy  The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process.  EDITORIAL POLICIES AND ETHICAL STANDARDS 　  The Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland, the owner of the Journal of Mother and Child (JMC) / Medycyna Wieku Rozwojowego is committed to upholding standards of ethical behaviour at all stages of the publication process. Editorial Board of the Journal follow closely the industry associations, such as the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICJME), World Association of Medical Editors (WAME), Council of Science Editors that set standards and provide guidelines for best practices in order to meet these requirements.  Duties and responsibilities of Authors  The Author(s) is obliged to prepare and send the article in accordance with the requirements set out in the Instructions for Authors. Moreover, the Author(s) is obliged to submit editorial complemented by a statement which will be included (signed and scanned author statement and JMC license agreement – in one document JMC License Agreement available at the web page of the Journal): a statement about the originality of the content of the article (work not yet published anywhere), the integrity of the copyrights of others, no conflict of interest or its application, as well as the superior permission to publish an article in the journal. The Author(s) is obliged to participate in peer review process. The Author(s) is obliged to provide retractions or corrections of mistakes, they also should provide a list of references.The Author(s) is responsible for disclosing all financial and personal relationships that might bias or be seen to bias their work.　Authors may, at any time before accepting the article for publication, withdraw the article by submitting a statement in the electronic system of the Editorial Manager.  Reporting standards  The Author(s) reporting results of original research should present an accurate account of the work performed, as well as an objective discussions of its significance. Underlying data should be represented accurately in the manuscript. A paper should contain sufficient detail and references to permit others to replicate the work. Fraudulent or knowingly inaccurate statements constitute unethical behaviour and are unacceptable.  Originality and Plagiarism  The Author(s) should ensure that they have written entirely original works, and if the Author(s) have used the work and/or words of others that this has been appropriately cited or quoted.  Multiple, redundant or concurrent publication  The Autho(s) should not in general publish manuscripts describing essentially the same research in more than one journal or primary publication. Parallel submission of the same manuscript to more than one journal constitutes unethical publishing behaviour and is unacceptable.  Acknowledgement of sources  Proper acknowledgement of the work of others must always be given. The Author(s) should also cite publications that have been influential in determining the nature of the reported work.  Authorship of a manuscript  Authorship should be limited to those who have made a significant contribution to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the reported study. All those who have made significant contributions should be listed as co-authors. Where there are others who have participated in certain substantive aspects of the research project, they should be named in an Acknowledgement section.The corresponding author should ensure that all appropriate co-authors (according to the above definition) and no inappropriate co-authors are included in the author list of the manuscript, and that all co-authors have seen and approved the final version of the paper and have agreed to its submission for publication.  Hazards and human or animal subjects  If the work involves chemicals, procedures or equipment that have any unusual hazards inherent in their use, the Author(s) must clearly identify these in the manuscript.  Disclosure and conflicts of interest  All Authors should disclose in their manuscript any financial or other substantive conflict of interest that might be construed to influence the results or their interpretation in the manuscript. All sources of financial support for the project should be disclosed.　  Fundamental errors in published works  When the Author(s) discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in his/her own published work, it is the author’s obligation to promptly notify the journal’s editor or publisher and cooperate with them to either retract the paper or to publish an appropriate erratum.　  Authorship criteria and/or who should be listed as a contributor  In the matter of authorship criteria and/or who should be listed as a contributor, the Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland, the owner of the Journal of Mother and Child (JMC) / Medycyna Wieku Rozwojowego respects standards recommended by the Committee on Publication Ethics. Detailed information about these criteria can be found in the COPE Report: publicationethics.org/files/2003pdf12_0.pdf  Duties and responsibilities of Reviewers 　  Articles are selected for publication in double-blind selection system and published in open access system. A Reviewer(s) will provide his/her review using the electronic system on the basis of questions prepared for a specific title. It is also possible for a Reviewer(s) to send individual comments to be published in the article content. All judgments and findings in the peer-review process should be objective. Reviewers should have no conflict of interest (they make an appropriate statement before proceeding to review). When it is a legitimate need, Reviewers should point out relevant published work which is not yet cited, and articles reviewed by them should be treated confidentially prior to their publication.  Contribution to editorial decisions  Peer review assists the Editor in making editorial decisions and, through the editorial communication with the Author, may also assist the author in improving the manuscript.  Promptness  Any invited referee who feels unqualified to review the research reported in a manuscript or knows that its timely review will be impossible, should immediately notify the Editor so that alternative reviewers can be contacted.  Confidentiality  Any manuscripts received for review must be treated as confidential documents. They must not be shown to or discussed with others except if authorized by the Editor.  Standards of objectivity  Reviews should be conducted objectively. Personal criticism of the Author is unacceptable. Referees should express their views clearly with appropriate supporting arguments.  Acknowledgement of sources  Reviewers should identify relevant published work that has not been cited by the Authors. Any statement that an observation, derivation, or argument had been previously reported should be accompanied by the relevant citation. A Reviewer should also call to the editor’s attention any substantial similarity or overlap between the manuscript under consideration and any other published data of which they have personal knowledge.  Disclosure and conflict of interest  Privileged information or ideas obtained through peer review must be kept confidential and not used for personal advantage. Reviewers should not consider evaluating manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships or connections with any of the Authors, companies, or institutions connected to the submission.  Duties and responsibilities of Editors 　  Editors are responsible for deciding which articles are accepted for publication. Editors act in a balanced, objective and fair way while carrying out their expected duties, without discrimination on the grounds of ethnicity or geographical origin, religious or political beliefs, or sexuality of the authors.Publisher and Editors are always ready to publish corrections, clarifications, withdrawals and apologies, if there is a legitimate need.In the situation when there is a suspicion that an inappropriate research procedure described in the work sent has taken place, the Author(s) is obliged by the editorial office to submit (if not yet submitted) information regarding the approval of the described research procedure by a properly established ethics committee to conduct clinical trials.  Accountability  The Editor of a peer-reviewed journal is responsible for deciding which articles submitted to the journal should be published, and, moreover, is accountable for everything published in the journal. In making these decisions, the Editor may be guided by the policies of the journal’s editorial board, as well as by legal requirements regarding libel, copyright infringement and plagiarism. The Editor may confer with other Editors or Reviewers when making publication decisions. The Editor should maintain the integrity of the academic record, preclude business needs from compromising intellectual and ethical standards, and always be willing to publish corrections, clarifications, retractions and apologies when needed.  Fairness  The Editor should evaluate manuscripts for intellectual content. The Editor will not disclose any information about a manuscript under consideration to anyone other than the Author(s), Reviewers and potential reviewers, and in some instances the editorial board members, as appropriate.  Confidentiality  The Editor and any editorial staff must not disclose any information about submitted manuscript to anyone other than he corresponding Author, Reviewers, potential reviewers, other editorial advisers, and the Publisher, as appropriate.  Disclosure, conflict of interest, and other issues  The Editor will be guided by the industry associations, such as the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICJME), World Association of Medical Editors (WAME), Council of Science Editors that set standards, recommendations and provide guidelines for best practices in retracting articles: when considering retracting, issuing expressions of concern about, and issuing corrections pertaining to articles that have been published in the Journal of Mother and Child.  Unpublished materials disclosed in a submitted manuscript must not be used in an editor’s own research without the expressed written consent of the Author. Privileged information or ideas obtained through peer review must be kept confidential and not used for personal advantage.  The Editor is committed to ensuring that advertising, reprint or other commercial revenue has no impact or influence on editorial decisions.  The Editor should seek to ensure a fair and appropriate peer review process. Editors should recuse themselves (i.e. should ask a co-editor, associate editor or other member of the editorial board instead to review and consider) from considering manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships or connections with any of the authors, companies, or (possibly) institutions connected to the papers. Editors should require all contributors to disclose relevant competing interests and publish corrections if competing interests are revealed after publication. If needed, other appropriate action should be taken, such as the publication of a retraction or expression of concern.  Involvement and cooperation in investigations  Editors should guard the integrity of the published record by issuing corrections and retractions when needed and pursuing suspected or alleged research and publication misconduct. Editors should pursue reviewer and editorial misconduct. The Editor should take reasonably responsive measures when ethical complaints have been presented concerning a submitted manuscript or published paper.  Publisher’s confirmation 　  In cases of alleged or proven scientific misconduct, fraudulent publication or plagiarism the Publisher, in close collaboration with the Editors, will take all appropriate measures to clarify the situation and to amend the article in question. This includes the prompt publication of an erratum or, in the most severe cases, the complete retraction of the affected work. 

Journal of Mother and Child

Volume 23 (2019): Issue 3 (September 2019)

Editorial

Pneumocystis Pneumonia: Still a serious disease in children

Original article/Praca oryginalna

The influence of the technique of surfactant administration (LISA vs INSURE) on the outcomes of respiratory distress syndrome treatment in preterm infants

Lung ultrasound reduces the number of chest x-rays in newborns with pneumothorax

The impact of early therapeutic intervention on the central pattern generator in premature newborns – A preliminary study and literature review

Long-term trends in the prevalence of congenital heart defects in patients with down syndrome in southern Poland

Current development

The Polish version of the short scale measuring health literacy in adolescence

Search

All Volumes and Issues in this Journal