<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

We investigate whether the leveraged life cycle strategy, in which leverage is used to buy stocks when investors are young, is able to produce better retirement outcomes than other investment strategies that are currently offered by defined contribution plan providers and those suggested in the literature. Using both historical and bootstrap simulations for the period of 1900-2011 in the US, we find that the leveraged life cycle strategy has an ability to reduce risk, though this ability is relatively insignificant. Further, the leveraged life cycle strategy shows a comparative advantage over the balanced strategy. However, the leveraged life cycle strategy produces retirement outcomes inferior to conventional life cycle strategy, and demonstrates significant inferiority when compared to dynamic life cycle strategy.
</abstract>

Understanding the Leveraged Life Cycle Investment Strategy for Defined-Contribution Plan Investors

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Financial literacy of clients is an important consideration for financial planners as it has implications for determining financial capacity. Likewise, overconfidence is also an important concern, given that overconfident clients may indicate they understand advice when in reality they do not. Using an online survey, we gathered data on subjective and objective levels of financial literacy from a sample of university students. We then examined the associations between self-assessed and actual levels of financial literacy with the aim of identifying overconfidence. We find, generally, respondents do not overestimate their financial literacy; however, respondents with English as a second language were significantly more overconfident than other demographic groups. These findings can help planners in identifying clients who may be overconfident in their own financial literacy.
</abstract>

Overconfidence in Financial Literacy: Implications for Planners

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

This paper presents the results of an investigation into the factors that determine the intention to save for retirement using a professional financial services planner. The sample of 289 individuals aged between 30-65 years in Australia revealed that self-efficacy and attitudes are the main factors that cause a consumer to save for retirement, using the services of a financial planner and/or accountant. Structural equation modelling (SEM) analysis indicated that subjective knowledge and goal clarity have a negligible effect on behavioural intentions in this context. Furthermore, it was found that goal clarity, subjective knowledge and perceived risk did not have a direct impact on behavioural intentions. With 57 per cent of the variance explained, these results are considered robust. Finally, a number of opportunities for further research are outlined.
</abstract>

Customer Intention to Save for Retirement Using a Professional Financial Services Planner

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

This study examines some key client-adviser characteristics within the New Zealand financial planning landscape. Through an online survey, participants were asked about their choice of financial adviser, their experience of financial advice and their view of the 2008 Financial Advisers Act. Descriptive results reveal a lack of knowledge in differentiating between the types of advisers and each adviser’s scope of service. Clients of financial advisers who adhere to minimum education standards are significantly different from clients who contract the services of advisers without set standards. Implications include adopting a nationwide marketing campaign and significant regulatory changes to help all consumers identify appropriate financial service professionals for their needs.
</abstract>

Consumers of Financial Advice in New Zealand

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This study aims to quantify the role of equity holdings in the asset portfolios of baby boomers over the accumulation and consolidation life cycle phases, and characteristics of baby boomer households that hold equities. The results did not confirm the hypothesis that baby boomer households have increased direct equity ownership in the consolidation phase and it is likely that the global financial crisis (GFC) reduced baby boomer household investment in equities. It may be of comfort to policy makers that baby boomer households are not at peak levels of equity market volatility exposure in this important pre-retirement consolidation phase.
</abstract>

Equity Holdings of Australian Baby Boomers-Comparing Life Cycle Phases

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Financial Planning Research Journal

The Financial Planning Research Journal (FPRJ) Editorial Board is a peer-reviewed open-access journal that publishes original, applied, and topical research articles to aid understanding of the practice and policy of financial planning in Australia. Published on behalf of the Financial Advice Association Australia, our articles span topics including behavioural finance, economics, finance, financial advice, financial literacy, financial education, financial planning, financial regulation, insurance, investment, retirement, and related disciplines. The journal also includes articles from the education, ethics, law, and psychology fields where they relate to financial planning and advice.  FPRJ provides an academic platform to discuss issues around personal financial planning and wealth management, changes in the financial planning industry, and the notion of professionalism in personal finance.  Published twice a year, FPRJ focuses on matters of interest to the financial advice community that will inform the practice and/or policy of the profession. FPRJ’s readership includes academic researchers, educators, practitioners, and policymakers. FPRJ articles are included on reading lists for university students, as continuing professional development for practitioners, and as preparatory resources for the National Financial Adviser exam in Australia.  While the journal has its origins in Australia, FPRJ encourages international submissions as it seeks to expand the body of knowledge in financial advice and financial planning and contribute to the development of financial planning as a profession.  Archiving Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections. Plagiarism Policy The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process. 