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Designing, changing and adapting organizations to secure viability is challenging for companies. Researchers often fail to holistically design or transform organizations. Thus, the aim of this study is to propose a holistic approach how organizations can be designed, changed or managed considering also its implications to production management following lean management principles. Hereby the Viable System Model was applied. This structure can be applied to any kind of structured organization and for its management with goals to be achieved in modern society; however focus of the research is the cluster of manufacturing and assembly companies. Goal of the developed organizational model is to be able to react to all potential company environments by taking decisions regarding organization and production management functions correctly and in the right moment based on the needed information. To ensure this, standardized communication channels were defined. In conclusion this proposed approach enables companies to have internal mechanisms to secure viability and also in production to reduce necessary stocks, lead times, manpower allocation and leads to an increase of the service level to the final customer.
</abstract>

Research area of Productive Systems at UNED University

Faculty of Economics at Rey Juan Carlos University

Department of Construction and Fabrication Engineering

Design of a Conceptual Model for Improving Company Performance Based on Lean Management Applying the Viable System Model (VSM)

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One of the major concerns in the seismic retrofitting of masonry walls is that of increasing the ultimate load for out-of-plane forces. In multi-story buildings, these forces may originate from the hammering actions of floors, when the earthquake direction is orthogonal to the wall. A possibility for counteracting the out-of-plane displacements is retaining the wall by building some buttresses, that is, some beams lean against the wall and disposed vertically. Another possibility is to make the buttress in the thickness of the wall. In this second case, we must cut the wall for its entire height, realize the buttress, and restore the masonry wall around it. In both cases, the interventions are highly invasive. The first intervention also leads to increments of mass that enhance the attraction of seismic forces. The aim of this paper is to find a less invasive and lighter alternative for realizing buttresses. We proposed to use FRP strips and steel ribbons in a combined fashion, so as to realize an ideal vertical I-beam embedded into the wall, without requiring to cut the masonry. We also provided some experimental results for verifying the effectiveness of the model.
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Attaining a Beam-Like Behavior with FRP Strips and CAM Ribbons

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In the present paper, we analyzed the main advantages of the active confinement techniques with a particular focus on the CAM system, which is an Italian reinforcement technique with pre-tensioned stainless-steel ribbons. Italian seismic codes classify the CAM system as belonging to the strengthening category of “horizontal and vertical ties”. Therefore, we compared the CAM system to the reinforcement techniques with horizontal and vertical ties in order to understand the actual similarities and possible differences between them. Moreover, we offered a deep analysis of the main critical issues of the CAM system, distinguishing between geometrical and mechanical weak-points. In particular, we analyzed the strengthening mechanism of the CAM system, still poorly understood, by performing a static analysis in the Mohr/Coulomb plane. Finally, we provided suggestions for future developments.
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Effectiveness of Active Confinement Techniques with Steel Ribbons: Masonry Buildings

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This paper aims to contribute with results in relation to the challenges that users encounter with regard to technologies in sustainable social housing. The results are significant and show that in modern Danish sustainable social housing consideration is not taken for the users in relation to the technologies implemented in the buildings. The consequences are that the intentions of the technologies supporting economic, environmental, and social sustainability do not work for the users when the buildings are taken into use. The paper argues that developers and architectural practice should in future use simpler technologies that give residents the opportunity to individually regulate their homes’ indoor climate. At the same time, architecture and technology should reflect the consideration towards the climate in the local context and the users’ funda-mental living conditions. The paper argues for the development of a more user-oriented architecture, where the interaction between architecture and technology can work for the users and to a greater extent support the intentions with regard to sustainability.
</abstract>

Technology, Users, and Sustainable Social Housing

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I consider the applicability of Agent-Based Modeling (ABM) and computer simulations for ethical theories. Though agent-based modeling is already well established in the social sciences, it has not yet found acceptance in the field of philosophical ethics. Currently, there are only a few works explicitly connecting ethics with agent-based modeling. In this paper, I show that it is possible to build computer simulations of ethical theories and that there are also potential benefits in doing so: (1) the opportunity for virtual ethical experiments that are impossible to do in real life, and (2) an increased understanding and appreciation of an ethical theory either through the programming implementation or through the visual simulation. In the first part of the paper, I mention some social science simulations with ethical import that could encourage ethicists to work with ABM. Second, I list the few pioneering works that attempt to combine computer simulation with philosophical ethics, the most prominent being <italic>Evolving Ethics: The New Science of Good and Evil</italic> (2010) by Mascaro et al. Third, I give pointers for the computer simulation of the most prominent ethical theories: deontological ethics, utilitarianism, feminist care ethics, and virtue ethics. In the final part, I consider the potential of using an existing reference model for the simulation of human behavior, the PECS model, as the foundation for a computer simulation of virtue ethics.
</abstract>

Computer Simulations of Ethics: The Applicability of Agent-Based Modeling for Ethical Theories

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National debt and distressed banks in countries such as Greece led to an ongoing recession since the beginning of Europe’s economic crisis. At the same time, austerity measures, all over Europe, reshape economies in a trial to increase global competitiveness. Economic integration as a challenge for social prosperity seems more crucial than ever, while it is a matter of research whether the acquired economic policies lead to further divergence. The paper explores how economic crisis has affected 40 European economies, by using macroeconomic indexes. A re-clustering of these economies is attempted for detecting similarities and differences between European economies. The analysis reveals how close an economic integration is and how a multi – speed European economy would look like today. Moreover, it explores how European economies have transformed during the last five years, in terms of competitiveness’ similarities and how the Gross National Income is related with governance indicators.
</abstract>

Europe’s Economic Crisis: Re - Clustering European Economies

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In the 21st century, major changes have taken place in supply chain management. First of all, some new type of supply chains has appeared beside the traditional supply chains. The growing level of pollution, the decreasing level of non-renewable sources indicate changes in the business life. Companies find some alternate solutions to protect the environment – use renewable sources, integrate recycling processes, use the inverse logistics etc. So companies are getting to be eco-conscious, we are called them as ‘green companies’. If these green companies are in one supply chain, we are called as ‘green supply chain’. The coordination of supply chains – whether if traditional or green– is one of the most important research topics in this century. The number of chain members is growing; the cooperation is getting to be more difficult. That is why contracts could be a good solution for this problem, because they define a framework for the parties to manage their relationships. Contracts work well, if the right type is chosen according to the nature of the relationship. But in the case of a green supply chain, there are other influencing factors. Green companies are able to accept higher prices to get higher quality products. In the paper, we analyse how these factors influence the decision-makers to choose between the contracts; we use the AHP decision-making method.
</abstract>

Decision Support Opportunities in the Green Supply Chain Coordination

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In this article, I intend to carry out a hermeneutic study into the relationship between the workings of memory and landscape, and the consequences that such a relationship produces for living on an ethical level. In the first part, I intend to highlight the active role played by memory in the significant interpretations of the landscape. In consideration of this aspect, I will deal with the circularity between building a narrative of the landscape and exercising individual and collective memory. In the second part, I will focus on the role that the narrative, together with memory, plays with regard to the different forms of living. In the light of such activity, living is seen as ethical dwelling for the care of the landscape and of man who inhabits it.
</abstract>

Memory of the Landscape and Ethical Dwelling

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In this paper we have discussed one of the greatest features of the general-purpose computer programming language –Java. This paper represents concepts of Synchronization possibilities and features in Java. Today’s operating systems support concept of “Multitasking”. Multitasking achieved by executing more than one task at a same time. Tasks runs on threads. Multitasking runs more than one task at a same time. Multitasking which means doing many things at the same time is one of the most fundamental concepts in computer engineering and computer science because the processor execute given tasks in parallel so it makes me think that are executing simultaneously. Multitasking is related to other fundamental concepts like processes and threads. A process is a computer program that is executing in a processor, while a thread is a part of a process that has a way of execution: it is a thread of execution. Every process has at least one thread of execution. There are two types of multitasking: process – based and thread – based. Process-based multitasking, means that on a given computer there can be more than one program or process that is executing, while thread-based multitasking, which is also known as multithreading, means that within a process, there can be more than one thread of execution, each of them doing a job and so accomplishing the job of their process. When there are many processes or many threads within processes, they may have to cooperate with each other or concurrently try to get access to some shared computer resources like: processor, memory and input/output devices. They may have to, for example: print a file in a printer or write and/or read to the same file. We need a way of setting an order, where processes and/or threads could do their jobs (user jobs) without any problem, we need to synchronize them. Java has built-in support for process and thread synchronization, there are some constructs that we can use when we need to do synchronization.This paper, a first phase discussed the concept of Parall Programming, threads, how to create a thread, using a thread, working with more than one thread. Second phase is about synchronization, what is in general and in the end we disscused the synchronization possibilities and feautures in Java.
</abstract>

Synchronization Possibilities and Features in Java

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One of the implementations of autonomy policy is fiscal decentralization. The State gives chance to every local government for improving its fiscal ability. Original Local Government Revenue (PAD) is fiscal potency owned local government to improve local government independence to promote welfare to society. To accelerate fiscal independence of local government equally, the central government sends transfer funds in the form of General Allocation Funds (DAU) which aims to comply local government expenditure that has not fulfilled. However, problems faced is local government expenditure management still much more affected by DAU rather than PAD. It indicates that local government still depends on central government to comply expenditure called flypaper effect. This research aims to analyze the effect of PAD and DAU on local government expenditure by identifying whether occurs flypaper on provincial government in Indonesia. The method used in this research is analysis regression of panel data with Generalized Least Square (GLS). Data used is panel data from 34 provinces in Indonesia between 2008 and 2017. Based on results estimation, PAD and DAU positively and significantly affect local government expenditure. However, the DAU more affects local government expenditure compared with PAD. This exhibits that flypaper effect phenomenon occurred on provincial government in Indonesia which local government expenditure response more affected by DAU than PAD. It is happening due to the provincial government still relies on central government to comply its expenditure illustrated with high DAU transfers. This research concludes that decentralization policy in Indonesia is not effective yet. Thus, the government needs to adjust decentralization policy in order to improve regional fiscal independence.
</abstract>

The Flypaper Effect Phenomenon: Evidence from Indonesia

AHEAD OF PRINT

Volume 6 (2023): Issue 2 (October 2023)

Volume 6 (2023): Issue 1 (April 2023)

Volume 5 (2022): Issue 2 (October 2022)

Volume 5 (2022): Issue 1 (April 2022)

Volume 4 (2021): Issue 2 (October 2021)

Volume 4 (2021): Issue 1 (April 2021)

European Journal of Formal Sciences and Engineering

Print ISSN 2601-8683  European Journal of Formal Sciences and Engineering (EJFE) is a multidisciplinary, open-access, peer-reviewed research journal. EJFE welcomes and acknowledges high-quality, original theoretical and empirical research papers in the field of Engineering and Formal Sciences, case studies, review articles, literature reviews, book reviews, conceptual frameworks, analytical and simulation models, and technical notes from researchers, academicians, professional and practitioners from all over the world.  Engineering, as a scientific field, is closely associated with other formal sciences, especially mathematics, physics, and chemistry.  Sharing research findings in these areas is expected to significantly contribute into the development of engineering fields.  The topics include but are not limited to the following:   Chemical Engineering: biomolecular, materials, molecular, process, and corrosion  Civil Engineering: environmental, geotechnical, structural, mining, transport, water resource  Electrical Engineering: power system, optical  Mechanical Engineering: energy, vehicle  Software Engineering: computer-aided, web  System Engineering  Mathematics: analysis, combinatorics, probability and statistics, computational science  Physics: nuclear and particle, atomic, molecular, and optical, condensed matter, applied, modern  Chemistry: analytical, biochemistry, inorganic, materials, neuro, organic  Other Engineering Areas: aerospace, agricultural, applied, railway, industrial, artificial intelligence, electronics, communication, image processing, neural networks, plastic.  All submitted manuscripts undergo an in-depth double-blind peer review.  Archiving  Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.  Plagiarism Policy  The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process. 